scholarly journals The Road to Accountable and Dependable Manufacturing

Automation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-219
Author(s):  
Jan Pennekamp ◽  
Roman Matzutt ◽  
Salil S. Kanhere ◽  
Jens Hiller ◽  
Klaus Wehrle
Keyword(s):  
Product Information ◽  
Product Lifecycle Management ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Process Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
On The Road

The Internet of Things provides manufacturing with rich data for increased automation. Beyond company-internal data exploitation, the sharing of product and manufacturing process data along and across supply chains enables more efficient production flows and product lifecycle management. Even more, data-based automation facilitates short-lived ad hoc collaborations, realizing highly dynamic business relationships for sustainable exploitation of production resources and capacities. However, the sharing and use of business data across manufacturers and with end customers add requirements on data accountability, verifiability, and reliability and needs to consider security and privacy demands. While research has already identified blockchain technology as a key technology to address these challenges, current solutions mainly evolve around logistics or focus on established business relationships instead of automated but highly dynamic collaborations that cannot draw upon long-term trust relationships. We identify three open research areas on the road to such a truly accountable and dependable manufacturing enabled by blockchain technology: blockchain-inherent challenges, scenario-driven challenges, and socio-economic challenges. Especially tackling the scenario-driven challenges, we discuss requirements and options for realizing a blockchain-based trustworthy information store and outline its use for automation to achieve a reliable sharing of product information, efficient and dependable collaboration, and dynamic distributed markets without requiring established long-term trust.

A Closer Look at the Culture of Infidelity

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-200
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Professional Sports ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emotional Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The One ◽  
Communication Methods

This chapter takes a deeper look at the culture of infidelity that pervades the world of professional sports, why wives share a universal fear that their husbands will be unfaithful, and how they are affected by the possibility or actuality that their husbands will engage in sexual or emotional relationships with other women. Three patterns of infidelity are identified in the context of the sport marriage: the one-time encounter, the short-term affair, and the long-term affair. The concept of suspicion work is introduced to examine how wives try to manage the fear that their husbands may succumb to temptation and to specify how denial can be part of this process. The chapter discusses re-entry routines and communication methods some couples use when husbands return from travel, and the boundaries of fidelity and forgiveness wives establish as they attempt to cope with the realities of their husbands’ lives on the road.

The Case of Sovereign Wealth Funds: A New (Old) Force in the Capital Markets

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
George (Yiorgos) Allayannis ◽  
Rachel Loeffler
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Subprime Mortgage ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mortgage Crisis ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Global Financial System

In mid-January 2008, Merrill Lynch announced a $6.6 billion mandatory convertible-preferred share issuance, much of which was placed privately with the Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA), the Korean Investment Corporation (KIC), and the Mizuho Corporate Bank. The case is set during the subprime-mortgage crisis, which plagued banks and depleted their capital. It focuses on the decision of John Thain to issue capital and place it with sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) in an effort to stabilize the company and put it on the road to growth and profitability again. The case describes the various types and origins of SWFs, their orientation, and their recent intensive investment activity in the global financial-services sector. The case also discusses the transparency of SWFs and their role in the global financial system as liquidity-providing long-term players. Finally, Merrill Lynch's decision to issue the specific financial instrument to replenish its capital (mandatory convertible-preferred) and its terms are analyzed.

scholarly journals Toward Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Data Transmission in Cluster-Based Vehicular Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyanendra Prasad Joshi ◽  
Eswaran Perumal ◽  
K. Shankar ◽  
Usman Tariq ◽  
Tariq Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
On The Road

In recent times, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) have become a core part of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), which aim to achieve continual Internet connectivity among vehicles on the road. The VANET has been used to improve driving safety and construct an ITS in modern cities. However, owing to the wireless characteristics, the message transmitted through the network can be observed, altered, or forged. Since driving safety is a major part of VANET, the security and privacy of these messages must be preserved. Therefore, this paper introduces an efficient privacy-preserving data transmission architecture that makes use of blockchain technology in cluster-based VANET. The cluster-based VANET architecture is used to achieve load balancing and minimize overhead in the network, where the clustering process is performed using the rainfall optimization algorithm (ROA). The ROA-based clustering with blockchain-based data transmission, called a ROAC-B technique, initially clusters the vehicles, and communication takes place via blockchain technology. A sequence of experiments was conducted to ensure the superiority of the ROAC-B technique, and several aspects of the results were considered. The simulation outcome showed that the ROAC-B technique is superior to other techniques in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), end to end (ETE) delay, throughput, and cluster size.

scholarly journals Accurate whole-night sleep monitoring with dry-contact ear-EEG

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaare B. Mikkelsen ◽  
Yousef R. Tabar ◽  
Simon L. Kappel ◽  
Christian B. Christensen ◽  
Hans O. Toft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Sleep Monitoring ◽  
The Road ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Dry Contact ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
On The Road

AbstractSleep is a key phenomenon to both understanding, diagnosing and treatment of many illnesses, as well as for studying health and well being in general. Today, the only widely accepted method for clinically monitoring sleep is the polysomnography (PSG), which is, however, both expensive to perform and influences the sleep. This has led to investigations into light weight electroencephalography (EEG) alternatives. However, there has been a substantial performance gap between proposed alternatives and PSG. Here we show results from an extensive study of 80 full night recordings of healthy participants wearing both PSG equipment and ear-EEG. We obtain automatic sleep scoring with an accuracy close to that achieved by manual scoring of scalp EEG (the current gold standard), using only ear-EEG as input, attaining an average Cohen’s kappa of 0.73. In addition, this high performance is present for all 20 subjects. Finally, 19/20 subjects found that the ear-EEG had little to no negative effect on their sleep, and subjects were generally able to apply the equipment without supervision. This finding marks a turning point on the road to clinical long term sleep monitoring: the question should no longer be whether ear-EEG could ever be used for clinical home sleep monitoring, but rather when it will be.

Ex-Servicemen on the Road: Travel and Homelessness

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Higate
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Military ◽  
Open Road ◽  
Masculine Gender

An emerging literature has recently attempted to address the transitory characteristics of the single homeless population. In this paper I contribute to this focus by arguing that one way in which to account for the high mobility of the insecurely accommodated is to focus on its gendered groundings. Drawing on a study of seventeen homeless ex-servicemen, I explore the long-term influence of military-masculine gender ideology in a civilian environment pervaded by disadvantage. The themes of the emotions, camaraderie, alcohol use and ‘freedom from the military’ are discussed within an empirical and theoretical framework. In conclusion, it is suggested that a number of ex-servicemen are both disposed to, and equipped for, a life on the road, and may become ‘addicted’ to travel and fleeting fixedness to place. It is hoped that these comments have a wider generalisability, and may throw light on the deeper underpinnings of movement for homeless (non ex-service) men, a number of whom may romanticise their lives ‘on the open road'.

On the road in Highlands Papua New Guinea: intimacy and ethnographic method

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Drawing on Schutz’s treatment of the We-relationship and of meaning contexts, and on Michael Jackson’s exploration of the ambiguities of the intersubjective, this article examines the methodological implications of the empathic orientation developed in the context of intimacy for a discipline based on participant observation. I argue that moments of ‘breakdown’, a classic way in which ethnographic questions are revealed, are predicated on the intentional dynamics of intersubjective relationships. I draw on a particular experience of ‘breakdown’ on an overnight truck trip in Highlands Papua New Guinea juxtaposed with expectations of intimacy developed over long-term fieldwork spanning 12 years.

scholarly journals Enabling Product Design Reuse by Long-term Preservation of Engineering Knowledge

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Brunsmann ◽  
Wolfgang Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Product Lifecycle Management ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Engineering Knowledge ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Long Term Preservation

In the highly competitive engineering industry, product innovations are created with the help of a product lifecycle management (PLM) tool chain. In order to support fast-paced product development, a major company goal is the reuse of product designs and product descriptions. Due to the product’s complexity, the design of a product not only consists of geometry data but also of valuable engineering knowledge that is created during the various PLM phases. The need to preserve such intellectual capital leads engineering companies to introduce knowledge management and archiving their machine-readable formal representation. However, archived knowledge is in danger of becoming unusable since it is very likely that knowledge semantics and knowledge representation will evolve over long time periods, for example during the 50 operational years of some products. Knowledge evolution and knowledge representation technology changes are crucial issues since a reuse of the archived product information can only be ensured if its rationale and additional knowledge are interpretable with future software and technologies. Therefore, in order to reuse design data fully, knowledge about the design must also be migrated to be interoperable with future design systems and knowledge representation methods. This paper identifies problems, issues, requirements, challenges and solutions that arise while tackling the long-term preservation of engineering knowledge.

Adhesive-Free Bonding of Web-Like Plastic-Metal Combinations at Low Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 809 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Andreas Lehm ◽  
Diana Romstedt ◽  
Vinzenz Schoenberner ◽  
Hannes Till Meyer ◽  
Marko Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plastic Metal ◽  
On The Road ◽  
New Research ◽  
Polymer Foils ◽  
Technology Focus

A couple of research projects could demonstrate the adhesive-free bonding of metal and polymer foils very well in the past. The remaining issues on the road to industrial usage of this technology focus on higher process velocities, quality management and process behaviour during long-term usage. For this purpose, a new research project was initiated to concentrate on the maximum achievable adhesion between the two bonding partners at line speeds up to 10 m/min

The IMO Initial Strategy for the Reduction of GHGs from International Shipping: A Commentary

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-512
Author(s):  
Aldo Chircop
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Short Term ◽  
International Convention ◽  
International Shipping ◽  
The Road ◽  
Initial Strategy ◽  
On The Road

AbstractIn 2018 the IMO adopted the initial Strategy for the international shipping industry’s reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions towards achieving the goal set in the 2015 Paris Agreement. At this time the Strategy is no more than a preliminary structure to frame the measures that will need to be adopted for the short, medium and long terms. In the short term (2018–2023) a first suite of measures will be adopted, and the initial Strategy will be revised and adopted as changed in 2023 with proposed measures for the medium term (2023–2030) and long term (2030–2050 and beyond). New international standards, tools and best practices will be needed to supplement the existing energy efficiency management rules in the International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973/78. This article discusses the Strategy and the role of the IMO in leading the shipping industry on the road to decarbonization.

scholarly journals Construction of a dynamic arrival time coverage map for emergency medical services

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Piórkowski
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Static Version ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Dynamic Version

Abstract This article presents a design of coverage maps for emergency journeys made by emergency medical services. The system was designed for the Malopolskie Voivodeship Office in Cracow, Poland. The proposed solution displays maps of the ambulance coverage of areas and ambulance’s potential journey times. There are two versions of the map: static and dynamic. The static version is used to appropriately allocate ambulances to cover an area with the ability to reach locations in less than 15 or 20 minutes; the dynamic version allows monitoring of ambulance fleets under normal conditions or in the event of a crisis. The article also presents the results of archival data related to the movement of ambulances on the roads of Malopolskie Voivodship. Particular attention was paid to the relation between the speed of vehicles and the traffic on the road, the day of the week or month, and long-term trends. The collected observations made it possible to assume a general model of ambulance movement in the voivodeship to calculate arrival time coverage maps.

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