scholarly journals Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Hen Egg Consumption on the Inflammatory Biomarkers and Microvascular Function in Patients with Acute and Chronic Coronary Syndrome—A Randomized Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Željka Breškić Ćurić ◽  
Ana Marija Masle ◽  
Aleksandar Kibel ◽  
Kristina Selthofer-Relatić ◽  
Ana Stupin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microvascular Reactivity ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Hen Egg

This study aimed to test the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched hen egg consumption on serum lipid and free fatty acid profiles, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and microvascular reactivity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Forty CAD patients participated in this study. Of those, 20 patients had acute CAD (Ac-CAD), and 20 patients had chronic CAD (Ch-CAD). The control group (N = 20) consumed three regular hen eggs/daily (249 mg n-3 PUFAs/day), and the n-3 PUFAs group (N = 20) consumed three n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs/daily (1053 g n-3 PUFAs/day) for 3 weeks. Serum n-3 PUFA concentration significantly increased (in all CAD patients), while LDL cholesterol and IL-6 (in Ac-CAD patients), and hsCRP and IL-1a (in all CAD patients) significantly decreased in the n-3 PUFAs group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity significantly decreased, and forearm skin microvascular reactivity in response to vascular occlusion (postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH)) remained unchanged in both the n-3 PUFAs and control groups in total CAD, Ac-CAD, and Ch-CAD patients. Potentially, n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs can change the free fatty acid profile to a more favorable lower n6/n3 ratio, and to exhibit mild anti-inflammatory effects but not to affect microvascular reactivity in CAD patients.

scholarly journals SUPPLEMENTATION WITH 2:1 RATIO OF N-6:N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID IMPROVES LIVER STEATOSIS AND SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS IN YOUNG OBESE BALINESE WOMEN: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
I Wayan Weta ◽  
Mahadewa Tjokorda Gb ◽  
Wayan P Sutirtayasa ◽  
Anak Agung Ngurah Subawa ◽  
Safarina G Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Tnf Α

  Objectives: In addition to the rise in obesity prevalence globally, morbidity due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing. Primary modalities for preventing and managing this problem include dietary modification and improved physical activities. A daily diet with a low n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is suspected to contribute to ameliorating liver steatosis (LS). The present study was conducted to elucidate the effects of an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 in alleviating LS.Methods: Twenty-four young obese women with LS were recruited from Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. They were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. Both groups were given linoleic acid:α-linolenic acid at ratios of 2035:970 and 240:100 g, respectively, for 12 weeks. Baseline and end-line data were obtained. All patients were advised to maintain their daily energy intake no more than 1500 kcal and to perform structured physical exercises once a week.Results: The intervention significantly decreased the body fat (body mass index, p=0.040; triglyceride, p=0.008) and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (p=0.002) and increased serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels (p=0.004). The severity of LS was reduced through the intervention (odds ratio=0.064; 95% confidence interval=0.013-0.310; p=0.001).Conclusion: An increased intake of 2:1 n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio alleviated LS, decreased body fat composition and serum TNF-α levels, and increased serum IL-10 levels.

scholarly journals Effects of Fatty Acid Therapy in Addition to Strong Statin on Coronary Plaques in Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Kita ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kamon ◽  
Tomoya Ueda ◽  
Tsunenari Soeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Acid Therapy ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Percent Change

BACKGROUND Vascular healing response associated with adjunctive n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid therapy therapy in patients receiving strong statin therapy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid therapy with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in addition to strong statin therapy on coronary atherosclerotic plaques using optical coherence tomography. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial included 130 patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with strong statins. They were assigned to either statin only (control group, n=42), statin+high‐dose EPA (1800 mg/day) (EPA group, n=40), statin+EPA (930 mg/day)+DHA (750 mg/day) (EPA+DHA group, n=48). Optical coherence tomography was performed at baseline and at the 8‐month follow‐up. The target for optical coherence tomography analysis was a nonculprit lesion with a lipid plaque. Between baseline and the 8‐month follow‐up, fibrous cap thickness (FCT) significantly increased in all 3 groups. There were no significant differences in the percent change for minimum FCT between the EPA or EPA+DHA group and the control group. In patients with FCT <120 µm (median value), the percent change for minimum FCT was significantly higher in the EPA or EPA+DHA group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS EPA or EPA+DHA therapy in addition to strong statin therapy did not significantly increase FCT in nonculprit plaques compared with strong statin therapy alone, but significantly increased FCT in patients with thinner FCT. Registration URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ ; Unique identifier: UMIN 000012825.

FRAKSINASI KOMPLEKSASI UREA PADA MINYAK DEDAK PADI DALAM PENINGKATAN KONSENTRASI ASAM LEMAK TAK JENUH

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Jumari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Urea Complexation ◽  
Fatty Acid Fractionation

<p>Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acid in rice bran oil is good for health and valuable. The aims of<br />this research were identifying influence of complexation temperature and time on the<br />enhancement of polyunsaturated fatty acid consentration. This research began with<br />saponification and extraction of rice bran oil as pretreatment process. Then, complexation<br />process was done with urea-ethanol solution ration of 35:175 (w/v). Complexation was carried<br />out by mixing 10 gram of free fatty acid of rice bran oil with 40 ml of urea-ethanol solution and<br />then followed by separation process and iod number analysis. The result of temperature<br />variation showed that the iod number of sample 0 hour, 2 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours were<br />29.18; 32.99; 36.04; and 37.82. Then the iod number of sample with variable temperature 28<br />o<br />C, 5<br />o<br />C, -2<br />o<br />C and -7<br />C were 37.82; 39.85; 43.15; and 44.16. The longer time and the lower<br />temperature of complexation increased polyunsaturated fatty acid consentration indicated by iod<br />number rising.<br />o<br />Keywords: Rice bran oil, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, fractionation urea complexation, iod<br />number bixa</p>

Influence of fasting on glycogen depletion in rats during exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Dohm ◽  
E. B. Tapscott ◽  
H. A. Barakat ◽  
G. J. Kasperek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

We recently observed that a 24-h fasted group of rats could run longer than an ad libitum fed control group before becoming exhausted. Because of the demonstrated importance of glycogen levels and free fatty acid availability during endurance exercise, we have investigated several parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in exercised and nonexercised rats that were either fed ad libitum or fasted for 24 h. A 24-h fast depleted liver glycogen, lowered plasma glucose concentration, decreased muscle glycogen levels, and increased free fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in plasma. During exercise the fasted group had lower plasma glucose concentration, higher plasma concentration of free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and a lower muscle glycogen depletion rate than did the ad libitum fed group. Since fasted rats were able to continue running even when plasma glucose had dropped to levels lower than those of fed-exhausted rats, it seems unlikely that blood glucose level, per se, is a factor in causing exhaustion. These results suggest that fasting increases fatty acid utilization during exercise and the resulting “glycogen sparing” effect may result in increased endurance.

scholarly journals A Case-Control Study between Gene Polymorphisms of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolic Rate-Limiting Enzymes and Acute Coronary Syndrome in Chinese Han Population

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zikai Song ◽  
Hongyan Cao ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
Yanfang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Chinese Han Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Allelic Association ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Han Population ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the polymorphisms of fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids-like 2 (ELOVL2) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Chinese Han population. Therefore, we selected three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from these candidate genes and genotyped them using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 249 ACS patients and 240 non-ACS subjects, as were Han Chinese ancestry. The results showed that rs174556 in theFADS1 gene is found to be in allelic association (P=0.003) and genotypic association (P=0.036) with ACS. The frequencies of rs174556 minor allele (T) in case group were obviously higher than in control group. The trans-phase gene-gene interaction analysis showed that the combined genotype of rs174556 (T/T) and rs3756963 (T/T) was associated with ACS (P=0.031). And the results suggest that, for rs174556 C>T, the CT/TT genotypes were more likely to lead in ACS in subjects with hypertension after correction of all risk factors (OR=4.236, 95% CI, 2.216–7.126). These findings suggest that the polymorphisms of rs174556 in theFADS1 gene are very likely to be associated with ACS in Chinese Han population, especially in subjects with hypertension.

scholarly journals Ghrelin Attenuated Lipotoxicity via Autophagy Induction and Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibition

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Mao ◽  
Jian Cheng ◽  
Fujun Yu ◽  
Huanqing Li ◽  
Chuanyong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Gut Hormone

Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Autophagy is associated with NAFLD. Ghrelin is a gut hormone with various functions including energy metabolism and inflammation inhibition. We investigated the therapeutic effect of ghrelin on NAFLD and its association with autophagy. Methods: C57bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce a model of chronic NAFLD, with ghrelin (10 µg/kg) administrated subcutaneously twice weekly from weeks 6 to 8. LO2 cells were pretreated with ghrelin (10-8 M) before stimulation with free fatty acid (palmitic and oleic acids; 1 mM). Lipid droplets were identified by hematoxylin and eosin and Red O staining and quantified by triglyceride test kits. LC3I/II, an important biomarker protein of autophagy was detected by western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-6 were detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were detected by western blotting. Results: Ghrelin reduced the triglyceride content in high fat diet (HFD) group in vivo and free fatty acid (FFA) group in vitro. TNF-a and IL-6 were significantly reduced in the ghrelin-treated mice compared with the control group. Autophagy induction was accompanied with intracellular lipid reduction in ghrelin-treated mice. Ghrelin upregulated autophagy via AMPK/mTOR restoration and inhibited translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Conclusions: The results indicate that ghrelin attenuates lipotoxicity by autophagy stimulation and NF-κB inhibition.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BLOOD METABOLITES AND AN EVALUATION OF THEIR USE AS CRITERIA OF ENERGY STATUS OF COWS IN EARLY LACTATION

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Treatment Groups

Correlation and regression coefficients were calculated for blood metabolites, milk components, energy balance and efficiency of energy utilization for a total of 120 cows. The animals were on propylene glycol and glycerol feeding experiments, and correlation coefficients were calculated for combinations of parameters with the objective of assessing the effect of additive and level of additive on the constancy of these relationships. In order to attempt an explanation of the variation in relationships between treatment groups, two groups each comprising 19 animals were chosen, based on blood ketone body levels. These groups provided a comparison between stressed (ketotic) and non-stressed (control) animals. Blood glucose was more highly correlated with acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate than with free fatty acids when calculated for treatment groups. When calculated for the two selected groups, significant correlations (P < 0.01) for glucose vs. acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids were −0.56, −0.61 and −0.28, respectively, for the ketotic group. No significant correlations (P > 0.05) were found between these parameters in the control group. The correlations between blood glucose, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate and energy balance were very low. Plasma-free fatty acid levels were more closely associated with energy balance than were the other blood metabolites. When energy balance and free fatty acid correlations were compared for ketotic and control groups, only the control group showed a significant (P < 0.01) coefficient (r = − 0.42). The correlation between mean plasma-free fatty acids and mean body weight change over the experimental period for all animals, with time and treatment effects removed, was significant (r = − 0.54, P < 0.01). The estimated free fatty acid level at zero body weight change was 0.53 μ eq per ml plasma. It is concluded that although free fatty acid levels are more sensitive than glucose as an indicator of energy status of the lactating cow, the excessive variability of this relationship during early lactation drastically limits its usefulness.

scholarly journals HEART FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN SEBAGAI PETANDA BIOLOGIS DIAGNOSIS SINDROM KORONER AKUT

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Ira Puspitawati ◽  
I Nyoman G Sudana ◽  
Setyawati Setyawati ◽  
Usi Sukorini
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
St Elevation

Heart-Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (H-FABP) is a membrane-bound protein that facilitates transport of fatty acids from the blood intothe heart. It is a low molecular weight cytoplasmic protein. Because of its small size and location, it is released rapidly into the bloodfollowing myocardial damage. The H-FABP levels rise as early as between 1−3 hours after the onset of Acute Coronary Syndrome, thepeak situation between 6−-8 hours, and returns to normal within 24 hours. The purpose of this study was to know the cut-off value ofHeart Fatty Acid Binding Protein with a sensitivity of at least 90% in patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Dr. Sardjito HospitalYogyakarta. The researchers undertook a cross sectional evaluation of 75 consecutive patients admitted with acute chest pain suggestiveof acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The H-FABP was measured by using immunoturbidimetry assay methods. The receiver operatingcharacteristic (ROC) analysis was calculated for the cut off point, sensitivity and specificity estimation. A total of 75 patients (59 in theACS group and 16 in the control group) were included in this study, and the majority of the ACS group (64 [76.2%]) were male patientswith AMI, 20 (26.7%) had an ST-elevation myocardial infarction and the rest (21 [28%]) had a non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction.The optimized cut-off obtained for h-FABP was 15 ng/mL, showing a sensitivity and specificity of the H-FABP assay for detecting ACSas 98.31 (95% CI 90 to 100) and 93.75% (95% CI 86 to 99), respectively. The areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC)curves to distinguish ACS from non-ACS were 0.983 (95% CI: 0.927– 0.999) for H-FABP. The optimized cut-off obtained for H-FABPwas 15 ng/mL, showing a 98.31% sensitivity and 93.75% specificity for detecting ACS in the Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.

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