scholarly journals Fitness Analysis and Transcriptome Profiling Following Repeated Mild Heat Stress of Varying Frequency in Drosophila melanogaster Females

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Nataly E. Gruntenko ◽  
Evgenia K. Karpova ◽  
Vladimir N. Babenko ◽  
Gennady V. Vasiliev ◽  
Olga V. Andreenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Total Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Fat Bodies

Understanding how repeated stress affects metabolic and physiological functions in the long run is of crucial importance for evaluating anthropogenic pressure on the environment. We investigated fertility, longevity and metabolism in D. melanogaster females exposed to short-term heat stress (38 °C, 1 h) repeated daily or weekly. Daily stress was shown to cause a significant decrease in both fertility and longevity, as well as in body mass and triglyceride (fat) content, but a significant increase in trehalose and glucose content. Weekly stress did not affect longevity and carbohydrate metabolism but resulted in a significant decrease in body mass and fat content. Weekly stress did not affect the total level of fertility, despite sharp fertility drops on the exact days of stressing. However, stressing insects weekly, only in the first two weeks after eclosion, caused a significant increase in the total level of fertility. The analysis of differentially expressed genes in the fat bodies and adjacent tissues of researched groups with the use of RNA-Seq profiling revealed changes in signal pathways related to proteolysis/digestion, heat shock protein 23, and in the tightly linked stress-inducible humoral factor Turandot gene network.

Evolution de la masse corporelle et de la masse relative de quelques organes au cours du cycle annuel chez les mâles matures de Vipera aspis

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
H. Saint Girons ◽  
R. Duguy
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Slow Decline ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Fat Body Mass ◽  
Vipera Aspis

AbstractThe relative mass of fat bodies of 103 adult male Vipera aspis from western France appeared to be correlated with fasting and feeding periods. There was a slow decline in mass during wintering and a rapid decline during the occurrence of spring mating; a minimum fat body mass was at the first molting time in May. This was the only time when there was a significant decline in the relative mass of the liver; vipers are noticeably emaciated during this period. Changes in relative kidney mass were correlated with the volume of the sexual segment of the kidneys, the minimum being in July. The relative mass of the testes was also linked with the sexual cycle; the minimum appeared to be in July and there was little variation between September and May.

scholarly journals Characterization of novel regulators for heat stress tolerance in tomato from Indian sub-continent

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Balyan ◽  
Sombir Rao ◽  
Sarita Jha ◽  
Chandni Bansal ◽  
Jaishri Rubina Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Cool Region ◽  
Promoter Swapping

AbstractThe footprint of tomato cultivation, a cool region crop that exhibits heat stress (HS) sensitivity, is increasing in the tropics/sub-tropics. Knowledge of novel regulatory hot-spots from varieties growing in the Indian sub-continent climatic zones could be vital for developing HS-resilient crops. Comparative transcriptome-wide signatures of a tolerant (CLN1621L) and sensitive (CA4) cultivar-pair short-listed from a pool of varieties exhibiting variable thermo-sensitivity using physiological, survival and yield-related traits revealed redundant to cultivar-specific HS-regulation with more up-regulated genes for CLN1621L than CA4. The anatgonisiticly-expressing genes include enzymes; have roles in plant defense and response to different abiotic stresses. Functional characterization of three antagonistic genes by overexpression and TRV-VIGS silencing established Solyc09g014280 (Acylsugar acyltransferase) and Solyc07g056570 (Notabilis), that are up-regulated in tolerant cultivar, as positive regulators of HS-tolerance and Solyc03g020030 (Pin-II proteinase inhibitor), that is down-regulated in CLN1621L, as negative regulator of thermotolerance. Transcriptional assessment of promoters of these genes by SNPs in stress-responsive cis-elements and promoter swapping experiments in opposite cultivar background showed inherent cultivar-specific orchestration of transcription factors in regulating transcription. Moreover, overexpression of three ethylene response transcription factors (ERF.C1/F4/F5) also improved HS-tolerance in tomato. This study identifies several novel HS-tolerance genes and provides proof of their utility in tomato-thermotolerance.HighlightNovel heat stress regulatory pathways uncovered by comparative transcriptome profiling between contrasting tomato cultivars from Indian sub-continent for improving thermotolerance. (20/30)

Myocardial and metabolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats: impact of ghrelin

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Aziz M. Hussein ◽  
Azza Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Mahmoud Gabr ◽  
Kamel Z. Hemmaid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Group I ◽  
Acyl Coa Oxidase

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly associated with metabolic and cardiac dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ghrelin on metabolic and cardiac dysfunctions in a type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model. For this, 48 male adult Sprague–Dawley rats were divided equally into 4 groups: Group I, fed normal chow, served as normal control group; Groups II–IV, were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks followed by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg body mass) to create a model of T2DM; Group II, were not treated; Group III, were treated with the vehicle (saline); Group IV, were treated with ghrelin (40 µg/kg body mass) twice daily for 10 days. The untreated diabetic rats showed a significant increase in serum fasting blood glucose, insulin homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total serum cholesterol (TC), and body mass, with a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.05). Hearts isolated from diabetic rats showed a significant increase in myocardial fat content, a significant decrease in GLUT4, and an increase in acyl-CoA oxidase enzyme mRNA (p < 0.05). Ghrelin administration for 10 days caused a significant improvement in lipid profile, HOMA index, and body mass, and significantly corrected the myocardial mass, significantly reduced the fat content of the myocardium, significantly increased GLUT4, and decreased acyl CoA oxidase mRNA (p < 0.05). Thus, ghrelin improves both the metabolic functions and the disturbed energy metabolism in the cardiac muscle of obese diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Can snakes use yolk reserves to maximize body size at hatching?

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Fu Qu ◽  
Shu-Zhan Zhao ◽  
Xu-Fei Jiang ◽  
Long-Hui Lin ◽  
Xiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Linear Size ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Naja Atra

Abstract We experimentally miniaturized freshly laid eggs of the Chinese cobra Naja atra (Elapidae) by removing ∼10% and ∼20% of original yolk. We tested if yolk-reduced eggs would produce 1) normal-sized hatchlings with invariant yolk-free body mass (and thus invariant linear size) but dramatically reduced or even completely depleted residual yolk, 2) smaller hatchlings with normal-sized residual yolk but reduced yolk-free body mass, or 3) smaller hatchlings of which both yolk-free body mass and residual yolk are proportionally reduced. Yolk quantity affected hatchling linear size (both snout-vent length and tail length) and body mass. However, changes in yolk quantity did not affect incubation length or any hatchling trait examined after accounting for egg mass at laying (for control and sham-manipulated eggs) or after yolk removal (for manipulated eggs). Specifically, yolk-reduced eggs produced hatchlings of which all major components (carcass, residual yolk, and fat bodies) were scaled down proportionally. We show that snakes cannot use yolk reserves to maximize their body size at hatching. Furthermore, our data also suggest that the partitioning of yolk in embryonic snakes is species-specific.

Transcriptome Profiling ofClematis apiifolia: Insights into Heat-Stress Responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 938-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Gao ◽  
Yuzhu Ma ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Shu'an Wang ◽  
Rutong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling

scholarly journals Heat and dehydration induced oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses following incubator heat stress and a simulated heat wave in wild caught four-striped field mice Rhabdomys dilectus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242279
Author(s):  
Paul J. Jacobs ◽  
M. K. Oosthuizen ◽  
C. Mitchell ◽  
Jonathan D. Blount ◽  
Nigel C. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Field Mice ◽  
The Brain

Heat waves are known for their disastrous mass die-off effects due to dehydration and cell damage, but little is known about the non-lethal consequences of surviving severe heat exposure. Severe heat exposure can cause oxidative stress which can have negative consequences on animal cognition, reproduction and life expectancy. We investigated the current oxidative stress experienced by a mesic mouse species, the four striped field mouse, Rhabdomys dilectus through a heat wave simulation with ad lib water and a more severe temperature exposure with minimal water. Wild four striped field mice were caught between 2017 and 2019. We predicted that wild four striped field mice in the heat wave simulation would show less susceptibility to oxidative stress as compared to a more severe heat stress which is likely to occur in the future. Oxidative stress was determined in the liver, kidney and brain using malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) as markers for oxidative damage, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as markers of antioxidant defense. Incubator heat stress was brought about by increasing the body temperatures of animals to 39–40.8°C for 6 hours. A heat wave (one hot day, followed by a 3-day heatwave) was simulated by using temperature cycle that wild four striped field mice would experience in their local habitat (determined through weather station data using temperature and humidity), with maximal ambient temperature of 39°C. The liver and kidney demonstrated no changes in the simulated heat wave, but the liver had significantly higher SOD activity and the kidney had significantly higher lipid peroxidation in the incubator experiment. Dehydration significantly contributed to the increase of these markers, as is evident from the decrease in body mass after the experiment. The brain only showed significantly higher lipid peroxidation following the simulated heat wave with no significant changes following the incubator experiment. The significant increase in lipid peroxidation was not correlated to body mass after the experiment. The magnitude and duration of heat stress, in conjunction with dehydration, played a critical role in the oxidative stress experienced by each tissue, with the results demonstrating the importance of measuring multiple tissues to determine the physiological state of an animal. Current heat waves in this species have the potential of causing oxidative stress in the brain with future heat waves to possibly stress the kidney and liver depending on the hydration state of animals.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Genes and Pathways Associated with Mummify Piglets

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujie Wang ◽  
Pingxian Wu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xiang Ji ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Pork Consumption ◽  
Differential Genes

China is the country with the largest pork consumption in the world. However, the incidence of high mummify piglets (3-5%) is one of the important factors that cause the slow improvement of pig reproductive capacity, and the genetic mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to identify candidate genes related to high mummify piglets. RNA-seq technology was used to comparative transcriptome profiling of blood from high piglets mummified and healthy sow at different stages of pregnancy (35d, 56d, 77d and 98d). A total of 137 to 420 DEGs were detected in each stage. Seven differentially expressed genes were significantly differentially expressed at various stages. IL-9R, TLR8, ABLIM3, FSH-α, ASCC1, PRKCZ, and GCK may play an important role in course of mummify piglets. The differential genes we identified between the groups were mainly enriched in immune and inflammation regulation, and others were mainly enriched in reproduction. Considering the function of candidate genes, IL-9R and TLR8 were suggested as the most promising candidate genes involved in mummify piglet traits. We speculate that during pregnancy, it may be the combined effects of the above-mentioned inflammation, immune response, and reproduction-related signal pathways that affect the occurrence of mummifying piglets, and further affect pig reproduction.

scholarly journals Aspects of the moult, morphology and anatomy of rock pigeons

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
A. C. Kok ◽  
O. B. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
Opposite Tendency

Aspects of the morphology and anatomy of rock pigeons (Columba guinea) were investigated. Moulting apparently takes place throughout the year at a relatively low intensity. Marked peaks in moulting could only be distinguished for the primaries, secondaries and tail feathers of males. The renewal process for females takes place more irregularly. Apart from the bill dimensions, all standard body measurements of adult males are significantly larger than those of females. The opposite tendency occurs in immatures. Seasonal variation in liver and body mass as well as visible fat content of adult individuals can probably be related to breeding activities and the availability of seasonally abundant food sources. In comparison to the other populations sampled, considerable differences in body mass and fat content were noted for the pigeons from South West Africa.

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