scholarly journals Combined Effects of Acute Temperature Change and Elevated pCO2 on the Metabolic Rates and Hypoxia Tolerances of Clearnose Skate (Rostaraja eglanteria), Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), and Thorny Skate (Amblyraja radiata)

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schwieterman ◽  
Crear ◽  
Anderson ◽  
Lavoie ◽  
Sulikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Summer Flounder ◽  
Paralichthys Dentatus ◽  
Clearnose Skate ◽  
Species Specific

Understanding how rising temperatures, ocean acidification, and hypoxia affect the performance of coastal fishes is essential to predicting species-specific responses to climate change. Although a population’s habitat influences physiological performance, little work has explicitly examined the multi-stressor responses of species from habitats differing in natural variability. Here, clearnose skate (Rostaraja eglanteria) and summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) from mid-Atlantic estuaries, and thorny skate (Amblyraja radiata) from the Gulf of Maine, were acutely exposed to current and projected temperatures (20, 24, or 28 °C; 22 or 30 °C; and 9, 13, or 15 °C, respectively) and acidification conditions (pH 7.8 or 7.4). We tested metabolic rates and hypoxia tolerance using intermittent-flow respirometry. All three species exhibited increases in standard metabolic rate under an 8 °C temperature increase (Q10 of 1.71, 1.07, and 2.56, respectively), although this was most pronounced in the thorny skate. At the lowest test temperature and under the low pH treatment, all three species exhibited significant increases in standard metabolic rate (44–105%; p < 0.05) and decreases in hypoxia tolerance (60–84% increases in critical oxygen pressure; p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the interactive effects of increasing temperature and changing ocean carbonate chemistry are species-specific, the implications of which should be considered within the context of habitat.

Metabolic phenotype is not associated with vulnerability to angling in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Louison ◽  
J.A. Stein ◽  
C.D. Suski
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Context Specific

Prior work has described a link between an individual’s metabolic rate and a willingness to take risks. One context in which high metabolic rates and risk-prone behaviors may prove to be maladaptive is in fish that strike fishing lures only to be captured by anglers. It has been shown that metabolic phenotype may be altered by angling; however, little work has assessed metabolic rate in fish and its relationship to angling vulnerability in a realistic angling trial. To address this, we subjected a set of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819) to a series of angling sessions. Following this, a subset of 23 fish that had been captured at least once and 25 fish that had not been captured were assessed for metabolic phenotype (standard and maximum metabolic rates, postexercise oxygen consumption, and recovery time) via intermittent flow respirometry. Contrary to predictions, captured and uncaptured fish did not differ in any measurement of metabolic rate. These results suggest that metabolic phenotype is not a determinant of angling vulnerability within the studied context. It is possible, therefore, that previously described alterations in metabolic phenotype owing to angling pressure may be context-specific and may not apply to all species and angling contexts.

Metabolic rate does not scale with body mass in cultured mammalian cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. R2115-R2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie F. Brown ◽  
Tyson P. Gratton ◽  
Jeffrey. A. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Species Specific

The allometric scaling of metabolic rate with organism body mass can be partially accounted for by differences in cellular metabolic rates. For example, hepatocytes isolated from horses consume almost 10-fold less oxygen per unit time as mouse hepatocytes [Porter and Brand, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 269: R226–R228, 1995]. This could reflect a genetically programmed, species-specific, intrinsic metabolic rate set point, or simply the adaptation of individual cells to their particular in situ environment (i.e., within the organism). We studied cultured cell lines derived from 10 mammalian species with donor body masses ranging from 5 to 600,000 g to determine whether cells propagated in an identical environment (media) exhibited metabolic rate scaling. Neither metabolic rate nor the maximal activities of key enzymes of oxidative or anaerobic metabolism scaled significantly with donor body mass in cultured cells, indicating the absence of intrinsic, species-specific, cellular metabolic rate set points. Furthermore, we suggest that changes in the metabolic rates of isolated cells probably occur within 24 h and involve a reduction of cellular metabolism toward values observed in lower metabolic rate organisms. The rate of oxygen delivery has been proposed to limit cellular metabolic rates in larger organisms. To examine the effect of oxygen on steady-state cellular respiration rates, we grew cells under a variety of physiologically relevant oxygen regimens. Long-term exposure to higher medium oxygen levels increased respiration rates of all cells, consistent with the hypothesis that higher rates of oxygen delivery in smaller mammals might increase cellular metabolic rates.

Standard metabolic rate and preferred body temperatures in some Australian pythons

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin S. Bedford ◽  
Keith A. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature

Pythons have standard metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures that are lower than those of most other reptiles. This study investigated metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures of seven taxa of Australian pythons. We found that Australian pythons have particularly low metabolic rates when compared with other boid snakes, and that the metabolic rates of the pythons did not change either seasonally or on a daily cycle. Preferred body temperatures do vary seasonally in some species but not in others. Across all species and seasons, the preferred body temperature range was only 4.9˚C. The thermal sensitivity (Q10) of oxygen consumption by pythons conformed to the established range of between 2 and 3. Allometric equations for the pooled python data at each of the experimental temperatures gave an equation exponent of 0.72–0.76, which is similar to previously reported values. By having low preferred body temperatures and low metabolic rates, pythons appear to be able to conserve energy while still maintaining a vigilant ‘sit and wait’ predatory existence. These physiological attributes would allow pythons to maximise the time they can spend ‘sitting and waiting’ in the pursuit of prey.

scholarly journals Breathing new life into the critical oxygen partial pressure (Pcrit): a new definition, interpretation and method of determination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Seibel ◽  
A. Andres ◽  
M. A. Birk ◽  
A. L. Burns ◽  
C. T. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Critical Oxygen ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

AbstractThe critical oxygen partial pressure (Pcrit) is most commonly defined as the oxygen partial pressure below which an animal’s standard metabolic rate can no longer be maintained. It is widely interpreted as measure of hypoxia tolerance, which influences a species’ aerobic scope and, thus, constrains biogeography. However, both the physiology underlying that interpretation and the methodology used to determine Pcrit remain topics of active debate. The debate remains unresolved in part because Pcrit, as defined above, is a purely descriptive metric that lacks a clear mechanistic basis. Here we redefine Pcrit as the PO2 at which physiological oxygen supply is maximized and refer to these values, thus determined, as Pcrit-α. The oxygen supply capacity (α) is a species- and temperature-specific coefficient that describes the slope of the relationship between the maximum achievable metabolic rate and PO2. This α is easily determined using respirometry and provides a precise and robust estimate of the minimum oxygen pressure required to sustain any metabolic rate. To determine α, it is not necessary for an individual animal to maintain a consistent metabolic rate throughout a trial (i.e. regulation) nor for the metabolic rate to show a clear break-point at low PO2. We show that Pcrit-α can be determined at any metabolic rate as long as the organisms’ oxygen supply machinery reaches its maximum capacity at some point during the trial. We reanalyze published representative Pcrit trials for 40 species across five phyla, as well as complete datasets from six additional species, five of which have not previously been published. Values determined using the Pcrit-α method are strongly correlated with Pcrit values reported in the literature. Advantages of Pcrit-α include: 1) Pcrit-α is directly measured without the need for complex statistics that hinder measurement and interpretation; 2) it makes clear that Pcrit is a measure of oxygen supply, which does not necessarily reflect hypoxia tolerance; 3) it alleviates many of the methodological constraints inherent in existing methods; 4) it provides a means of predicting the maximum metabolic rate achievable at any PO2, 5) Pcrit-α sheds light on the temperature- and size-dependence of oxygen supply and metabolic rate and 6) Pcrit-α can be determined with greater precision than traditional Pcrit.

scholarly journals Components of standard metabolic rate variability in three species of gammarids

Web Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Shokri ◽  
Mario Ciotti ◽  
Fabio Vignes ◽  
Vojsava Gjoni ◽  
Alberto Basset
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract. Standard metabolic rate is a major functional trait with large inter-individual variability in many groups of aquatic species. Here we present results of an experimental study to address variation in standard metabolic rates, over different scales of organisation and environments, within a specific group of aquatic macro-invertebrates (i.e. gammarid amphipods) that represent the primary consumers in detritus food webs. The study was carried out using flow-through microrespirometric techniques on male specimens of three gammarid species from freshwater, transitional water and marine ecosystems. We examined individual metabolic rate variations at three scales: (1) at the individual level, during an 8 h period of daylight; (2) at the within-population level, along body-size and body-condition gradients; (3) at the interspecific level, across species occurring in the field in the three different categories of aquatic ecosystems, from freshwater to marine. We show that standard metabolic rates vary significantly at all three scales examined, with the highest variation observed at the within-population level. Variation in individual standard metabolic rates during the daylight hours was generally low (coefficient of variation, CV<10 %) and unrelated to time. The average within-population CV ranged between 30.0 % and 35.0 %, with body size representing a significant source of overall inter-individual variation in the three species and individual body condition exerting only a marginal influence. In all species, the allometric equations were not as steep as would be expected from the 3∕4 power law, with significant variation in mass-specific metabolic rates among populations. The population from the transitional water ecosystem had the highest mass-specific metabolic rates and the lowest within-population variation. In the gammarid species studied here, body-size-independent variations in standard individual metabolic rates were higher than those explained by allometric body size scaling, and the costs of adaptation to short-term periodic variations in water salinity in the studied ecosystems also seemed to represent a major source of variation.

Metabolic Rates and Critical Swimming Speeds of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Relation to Size and Temperature

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brett ◽  
N. R. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
B Values ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Standard Metabolism

Ten years research on metabolic rates and swimming speeds of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) ranging in weight from 2 to 2000 g, at temperatures from 2 to 24 C, is reviewed and summarized. Analysis of weight–slope relations (b values) at three temperatures, using log–log transformations, provided an overall mean of 0.88 for standard metabolism and 0.99 for active metabolism. A previously determined semilog equation for temperature effect on standard metabolic rate (at approximately 50 g) was supported by supplementary data at 2 C. Predictive graphic models in the form of isopleths of metabolic rates and critical swimming speeds in relation to weight, length, and temperature are depicted. These provide a composite presentation useful in estimating the metabolic rate and maximum sustained speed for any size and temperature.

Standard metabolic rates of three nectarivorous meliphagid passerine birds

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Vitali ◽  
P. C. Withers ◽  
K. C. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Passerine Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Per Se

Standard metabolic rate (VO2 STD) was determined for three species of passerine bird from the family Meliphagidae to investigate the possible effect of nectarivory on standard metabolic rate in this family. The three species that we investigated did not show a significant departure from allometric predictions of standard metabolic rate for passerine species. Disparities between standard metabolic rate for meliphagids in the present study and previous data appear to reflect methodological differences, and no general allometric relationship is apparent for meliphagids at present. In meliphagids, nectarivory per se is not an important correlate with standard metabolic rate. Data from additional meliphagid species, collected under standardised conditions, are required to confirm the generality of the findings of the present study, that nectarivorous meliphagids have a standard metabolic rate typical of passerine birds.

scholarly journals Acute Exposure to Key Aquaculture Environmental Stressors Impaired the Aerobic Metabolism of Carassius auratus gibelio

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Zongli Yao ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Qifang Lai ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Pengcheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Carassius Auratus Gibelio ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Ph ◽  
High Ammonia

Carassius auratus gibelio is an omnivore favored for its flavor and is commonly used as a benthic species in traditional pond polyculture. This study investigated the effects of common aquaculture stressors, such as high ammonia, high nitrite, high pH, and hypoxia on the aerobic metabolism of C. auratus gibelio. The results showed that the standard metabolic rate (SMR) was positively correlated with ammonia, nitrite, and pH, while the maximum metabolic rate (MMR) was negatively correlated with all four stressors. Thus, aerobic scope (AS) was reduced when C. auratus gibelio was exposed to high ammonia, high nitrite, high pH, and hypoxia. The peak of post-prandial O2 consumption was positively correlated with nitrite, pH, and the occurrence of the peak metabolic rate post-prandial was delayed in high ammonia, high nitrite, hypoxia, and high pH conditions. These findings indicated that, in experimental conditions, exposure to these environmental stressors can influence aerobic metabolism in C. auratus gibelio. With more energy required to maintain standard metabolic rates, less will be available for growth. While the C. auratus gibelio is one of the most hypoxia tolerance species, the reduction we observed in AS caused by stressors that commonly occur in ponds and in nature will likely affect growth in ponds and fitness in nature. These data have provided insight into the optimal, fitness-maximizing thresholds for these common stressors in this species of interest.

The effects of body size and temperature on metabolic rate of organisms

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Richard Robinson ◽  
Robert Henry Peters ◽  
Jess Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Multiple regression analyses of previously published data were performed to describe the effect of variations in body mass (M, in grams) and temperature (t, in degrees Celsius) on the rate of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text], in millilitres O2 per gram per hour). For homeotherms and poikilotherms, the resultant equations describing standard metabolic rate are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The metabolic rate of unicells was described by [Formula: see text], although the temperature term was not statistically significant. When solved at 39 °C, the homeotherm equation is essentially similar to previously published relations. At 20 °C, the poikilotherm relation is slightly higher, and the unicell relation considerably lower, than Hemmingsen's widely cited relations. Enough data were available to provide a statistical description of active reptiles and fish: [Formula: see text]; this relationship may be used to approximate the metabolic rate of actively foraging fish and reptiles. Equations for the standard metabolic rate can serve as components in the calculation of minimal metabolic rates of homeotherms and higher poikilotherms in nature; such values could then be increased by estimates of the additional demands associated with movement, feeding, growth, etc. For unicells and lower vertebrates, standard rates also serve as estimates of free-living rates.

scholarly journals Guidelines for reporting methods to estimate metabolic rates by aquatic intermittent-flow respirometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun S. Killen ◽  
Emil A. F. Christensen ◽  
Daphne Cortese ◽  
Libor Závorka ◽  
Tommy Norin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Replication Of Experiments ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT Interest in the measurement of metabolic rates is growing rapidly, because of the importance of metabolism in advancing our understanding of organismal physiology, behaviour, evolution and responses to environmental change. The study of metabolism in aquatic animals is undergoing an especially pronounced expansion, with more researchers utilising intermittent-flow respirometry as a research tool than ever before. Aquatic respirometry measures the rate of oxygen uptake as a proxy for metabolic rate, and the intermittent-flow technique has numerous strengths for use with aquatic animals, allowing metabolic rate to be repeatedly estimated on individual animals over several hours or days and during exposure to various conditions or stimuli. There are, however, no published guidelines for the reporting of methodological details when using this method. Here, we provide the first guidelines for reporting intermittent-flow respirometry methods, in the form of a checklist of criteria that we consider to be the minimum required for the interpretation, evaluation and replication of experiments using intermittent-flow respirometry. Furthermore, using a survey of the existing literature, we show that there has been incomplete and inconsistent reporting of methods for intermittent-flow respirometry over the past few decades. Use of the provided checklist of required criteria by researchers when publishing their work should increase consistency of the reporting of methods for studies that use intermittent-flow respirometry. With the steep increase in studies using intermittent-flow respirometry, now is the ideal time to standardise reporting of methods, so that – in the future – data can be properly assessed by other scientists and conservationists.

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