scholarly journals Environmental Contaminants Acting as Endocrine Disruptors Modulate Atherogenic Processes: New Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Women?

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Silvia Migliaccio ◽  
Viviana M. Bimonte ◽  
Zein Mersini Besharat ◽  
Claudia Sabato ◽  
Andrea Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

The number of aged individuals is increasing worldwide, rendering essential the comprehension of pathophysiological mechanisms of age-related alterations, which could facilitate the development of interventions contributing to “successful aging” and improving quality of life. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) include pathologies affecting the heart or blood vessels, such as hypertension, peripheral artery disease and coronary heart disease. Indeed, age-associated modifications in body composition, hormonal, nutritional and metabolic factors, as well as a decline in physical activity are all involved in the increased risk of developing atherogenic alterations that raise the risk of CVD development. Several factors have been reported to play a role in the alterations observed in muscle and endothelial cells and that lead to increased CVD, such as genetic pattern, smoking and unhealthy lifestyle. Moreover, a difference in the risk of these diseases in women and men has been reported. Interestingly, in the past decades attention has been focused on a potential role of several pollutants that disrupt human health by interfering with hormonal pathways, and more specifically in non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes and CVD. This review will focus on the potential alteration induced by Endocrine Disruptors (Eds) in the attempt to characterize a potential role in the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the atheromatous degeneration process and CVD progression.

scholarly journals Environmental Contaminants Acting as Endocrine Disruptors Modulate Atherogenic Processes: New Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Women?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Migliaccio ◽  
Viviana M Bimonte ◽  
Zein Mersini Besharat ◽  
Claudia Sabato ◽  
Clara Crescioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cardio Vascular

The number of aged individuals is increasing worldwide, rendering essential the comprehension of pathophysiological mechanisms of age-related alterations, that could facilitate the development of interventions contributing to “successful aging” and improvement of quality of life. Cardio-vascular diseases (CVD) include pathologies affecting heart or blood vessels, such as hyperten-sion, peripheral artery disease and coronary heart disease. Indeed, age-associated modifications in body composition, hormonal, nutritional and metabolic factors, as well as a decline in physical activity are all involved in the increased risk of developing atherogenic alterations raising the risk of CVD development. Several factors have been claimed to play a role in the alterations observed in muscle and endothelial cells and leading to increased CVD, such as genetic pattern, smoking, unhealthy lifestyle. Moreover, a difference in the risk of these diseases in women and men has been reported. Interestingly, in the last decades attention has been focused on a potential role of several pollutants which disrupt human health by interfering with hormonal pathways, and more specifically in non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes and CVD. This review will focus on the potential alteration induced by Endocrine Disruptors (Eds) in the attempt to characterize a potential role in the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the atheromatic process and CVD progression.

Inflammatory Molecular Mediators and Pathways Involved in Vascular Aging and Stroke: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amro M. Soliman ◽  
Srijit Das ◽  
Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
Potential Drug Targets

: There is an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases with aging and it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The main cardiovascular pathologies include atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, hypertension and stroke. Chronic inflammation is one of the significant contributors to the age-related vascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the persistent inflammatory conditions occurring in the blood vessels as well as the signaling pathways involved. Herein, we performed an extant search of literature involving PubMed, ISI, WoS and Scopus databases for retrieving all relevant articles with the most recent findings illustrating the potential role of various inflammatory mediators along with their proposed activated pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging. We also highlight the major pathways contributing to age-related vascular disorders. The outlined molecular mechanisms, pathways and mediators of vascular aging represent potential drug targets that can be utilized to inhibit and/or slow the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Carmine Izzo ◽  
Paolo Vitillo ◽  
Paola Di Pietro ◽  
Valeria Visco ◽  
Andrea Strianese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
Cardiovascular Aging ◽  
Primary Risk Factor ◽  
Structure And Functions

Aging can be seen as process characterized by accumulation of oxidative stress induced damage. Oxidative stress derives from different endogenous and exogenous processes, all of which ultimately lead to progressive loss in tissue and organ structure and functions. The oxidative stress theory of aging expresses itself in age-related diseases. Aging is in fact a primary risk factor for many diseases and in particular for cardiovascular diseases and its derived morbidity and mortality. Here we highlight the role of oxidative stress in age-related cardiovascular aging and diseases. We take into consideration the molecular mechanisms, the structural and functional alterations, and the diseases accompanied to the cardiovascular aging process.

Age-associated (cardio)metabolic diseases and cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeleton: endocrine aspects

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Migliaccio ◽  
Emanuela A. Greco ◽  
Antonio Aversa ◽  
Andrea Lenzi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractAged individuals continue to increase in number, and it is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of age-related changes in order to develop interventions that could contribute to “successful aging”. Metabolic and hormonal factors, age-related changes in body composition, and a decline in physical activity are all involved in the tendency to lose muscle mass, to gain fat mass, and, also, to experience bone loss. Obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis are important widespread health problems that lead to high prevalence of both mortality and morbidity. Indeed, during the last decades, obesity and osteoporosis have become a major health threat around the world. Aging increases the risk of developing obesity, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and, also, cardiovascular diseases. A reduction of both bone and muscle mass with a corresponding increase of fat mass and inflammation and hormonal imbalance in the elderly lead to and may synergistically increase cardiovascular diseases. This review will focus on the relationship among these different medical situations, trying to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals Understanding the Potential Role of Sirtuin 2 on Aging: Consequences of SIRT2.3 Overexpression in Senescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3107
Author(s):  
Noemi Sola-Sevilla ◽  
Ana Ricobaraza ◽  
Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba ◽  
Maria S. Aymerich ◽  
Rosa M. Tordera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
Samp8 Mice ◽  
The Brain

Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) has been associated to aging and age-related pathologies. Specifically, an age-dependent accumulation of isoform 3 of SIRT2 in the CNS has been demonstrated; however, no study has addressed the behavioral or molecular consequences that this could have on aging. In the present study, we have designed an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV-CAG-Sirt2.3-eGFP) for the overexpression of SIRT2.3 in the hippocampus of 2 month-old SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice. Our results show that the specific overexpression of this isoform does not induce significant behavioral or molecular effects at short or long term in the control strain. Only a tendency towards a worsening in the performance in acquisition phase of the Morris Water Maze was found in SAMP8 mice, together with a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-1β. These results suggest that the age-related increase of SIRT2.3 found in the brain is not responsible for induction or prevention of senescence. Nevertheless, in combination with other risk factors, it could contribute to the progression of age-related processes. Understanding the specific role of SIRT2 on aging and the underlying molecular mechanisms is essential to design new and more successful therapies for the treatment of age-related diseases.

scholarly journals Growth Factor Deregulation and Emerging Role of Phosphatases in Diabetic Peripheral Artery Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Mercier ◽  
Marina Rousseau ◽  
Pedro Geraldes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Collateral Arteries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis of lower extremity arteries leading to the loss of blood perfusion and subsequent critical ischemia. The presence of diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor that greatly increases the incidence, the progression and the severity of the disease. In addition to accelerated disease progression, diabetic patients are also more susceptible to develop serious impairment of their walking abilities through an increased risk of lower limb amputation. Hyperglycemia is known to alter the physiological development of collateral arteries in response to ischemia. Deregulation in the production of several critical pro-angiogenic factors has been reported in diabetes along with vascular cell unresponsiveness in initiating angiogenic processes. Among the multiple molecular mechanisms involved in the angiogenic response, protein tyrosine phosphatases are potent regulators by dephosphorylating pro-angiogenic tyrosine kinase receptors. However, evidence has indicated that diabetes-induced deregulation of phosphatases contributes to the progression of several micro and macrovascular complications. This review provides an overview of growth factor alterations in the context of diabetes and peripheral artery disease, as well as a description of the role of phosphatases in the regulation of angiogenic pathways followed by an analysis of the effects of hyperglycemia on the modulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase expression and activity. Knowledge of the role of phosphatases in diabetic peripheral artery disease will help the development of future therapeutics to locally regulate phosphatases and improve angiogenesis.

scholarly journals The Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Cardiovascular Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Siarhei A. Dabravolski ◽  
Victoria A. Khotina ◽  
Vasily N. Sukhorukov ◽  
Vladislav A. Kalmykov ◽  
Liudmila M. Mikhaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteins ◽  
Mitochondrial Trna ◽  
Mtdna Mutations ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Mutations ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) mutations are known to participate in the development and progression of some CVD. Moreover, specific types of mitochondria-mediated CVD have been discovered, such as MIEH (maternally inherited essential hypertension) and maternally inherited CHD (coronary heart disease). Maternally inherited mitochondrial CVD is caused by certain mutations in the mtDNA, which encode structural mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial tRNA. In this review, we focus on recently identified mtDNA mutations associated with CVD (coronary artery disease and hypertension). Additionally, new data suggest the role of mtDNA mutations in Brugada syndrome and ischemic stroke, which before were considered only as a result of mutations in nuclear genes. Moreover, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mtDNA involvement in the development of the disease.

scholarly journals The role of microRNA in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in obese patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Teona A. Shvangiradze ◽  
◽  
Irina Z. Bondarenko ◽  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity remains a global problem in modern society. It is commonly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The search for specific and sensitive biomarkers of CVD continues. Currently, a lot of studies focused on the potential role of microRNA (miRNA) in CVD development and progression. MiRNAs are involved in various pathological disorders associated with CVD. Endothelial dysfunction is considered as the initial step in the pathogenesis of many CVD, and atherosclerosis in particular. Altered expression of several miRNAs is associated with the development of endothelial dysfunction. Some miRNAs are considered as potential therapeutic targets. Further studies to evaluate the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of CVD are needed. It will improve the diagnosis and treatment of CVD in patients with obesity.

The Role of the Endothelium in Premature Atherosclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Spartalis ◽  
Eleftherios Spartalis ◽  
Antonios Athanasiou ◽  
Stavroula A. Paschou ◽  
Christos Kontogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Made In

Atherosclerotic disease is still one of the leading causes of mortality. Atherosclerosis is a complex progressive and systematic artery disease that involves the intima of the large and middle artery vessels. The inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiological process of the disease and the infiltration of the intima from monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes combined with endothelial dysfunction and accumulated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are the main findings of atherogenesis. The development of atherosclerosis involves multiple genetic and environmental factors. Although a large number of genes, genetic polymorphisms, and susceptible loci have been identified in chromosomal regions associated with atherosclerosis, it is the epigenetic process that regulates the chromosomal organization and genetic expression that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Despite the positive progress made in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the knowledge about the disease remains scarce.

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