scholarly journals Crosstalk between Depression and Dementia with Resting-State fMRI Studies and Its Relationship with Cognitive Functioning

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Junhyung Kim ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Functional Changes

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and depression is a risk factor for developing AD. Epidemiological studies provide a clinical correlation between late-life depression (LLD) and AD. Depression patients generally remit with no residual symptoms, but LLD patients demonstrate residual cognitive impairment. Due to the lack of effective treatments, understanding how risk factors affect the course of AD is essential to manage AD. Advances in neuroimaging, including resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), have been used to address neural systems that contribute to clinical symptoms and functional changes across various psychiatric disorders. Resting-state fMRI studies have contributed to understanding each of the two diseases, but the link between LLD and AD has not been fully elucidated. This review focuses on three crucial and well-established networks in AD and LLD and discusses the impacts on cognitive decline, clinical symptoms, and prognosis. Three networks are the (1) default mode network, (2) executive control network, and (3) salience network. The multiple properties emphasized here, relevant for the hypothesis of the linkage between LLD and AD, will be further developed by ongoing future studies.

Improvement in prefrontal thalamic connectivity during the early course of the illness in recent-onset psychosis: a 12-month longitudinal follow-up resting-state fMRI study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Daniel Bergé ◽  
Tyler A. Lesh ◽  
Jason Smucny ◽  
Cameron S. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Clinical Meaning ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Previous research in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has shown a mixed pattern of disrupted thalamocortical connectivity in psychosis. The clinical meaning of these findings and their stability over time remains unclear. We aimed to study thalamocortical connectivity longitudinally over a 1-year period in participants with recent-onset psychosis. Methods To this purpose, 129 individuals with recent-onset psychosis and 87 controls were clinically evaluated and scanned using rs-fMRI. Among them, 43 patients and 40 controls were re-scanned and re-evaluated 12 months later. Functional connectivity between the thalamus and the rest of the brain was calculated using a seed to voxel approach, and then compared between groups and correlated with clinical features cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results At baseline, participants with recent-onset psychosis showed increased connectivity (compared to controls) between the thalamus and somatosensory and temporal regions (k = 653, T = 5.712), as well as decreased connectivity between the thalamus and left cerebellum and right prefrontal cortex (PFC; k = 201, T = −4.700). Longitudinal analyses revealed increased connectivity over time in recent-onset psychosis (relative to controls) in the right middle frontal gyrus. Conclusions Our results support the concept of abnormal thalamic connectivity as a core feature in psychosis. In agreement with a non-degenerative model of illness in which functional changes occur early in development and do not deteriorate over time, no evidence of progressive deterioration of connectivity during early psychosis was observed. Indeed, regionally increased connectivity between thalamus and PFC was observed.

Abnormal resting-state connectivity of motor and cognitive networks in early manifest Huntington's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (15) ◽  
pp. 3341-3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Wolf ◽  
F. Sambataro ◽  
N. Vasic ◽  
M. S. Depping ◽  
P. A. Thomann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
The Impact

Background.Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of multiple neural networks during the brain's ‘resting state’ could facilitate biomarker development in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and may provide new insights into the relationship between neural dysfunction and clinical symptoms. To date, however, very few studies have examined the functional integrity of multiple resting state networks (RSNs) in manifest HD, and even less is known about whether concomitant brain atrophy affects neural activity in patients.Method.Using MRI, we investigated brain structure and RSN function in patients with early HD (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). For resting-state fMRI data a group-independent component analysis identified spatiotemporally distinct patterns of motor and prefrontal RSNs of interest. We used voxel-based morphometry to assess regional brain atrophy, and ‘biological parametric mapping’ analyses to investigate the impact of atrophy on neural activity.Results.Compared with controls, patients showed connectivity changes within distinct neural systems including lateral prefrontal, supplementary motor, thalamic, cingulate, temporal and parietal regions. In patients, supplementary motor area and cingulate cortex connectivity indices were associated with measures of motor function, whereas lateral prefrontal connectivity was associated with cognition.Conclusions.This study provides evidence for aberrant connectivity of RSNs associated with motor function and cognition in early manifest HD when controlling for brain atrophy. This suggests clinically relevant changes of RSN activity in the presence of HD-associated cortical and subcortical structural abnormalities.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Effects of Lesions on Functional Networks after Stroke

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1279-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smadar Ovadia-Caro ◽  
Kersten Villringer ◽  
Jochen Fiebach ◽  
Gerhard Jan Jungehulsing ◽  
Elke van der Meer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Post Stroke

While ischemic stroke reflects focal damage determined by the affected vascular territory, clinical symptoms are often more complex and may be better explained by additional indirect effects of the focal lesion. Assumed to be structurally underpinned by anatomical connections, supporting evidence has been found using alterations in the functional connectivity of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in both sensorimotor and attention networks. To assess the generalizability of this phenomenon in a stroke population with heterogeneous lesions, we investigated the distal effects of lesions on a global level. Longitudinal resting-state fMRI scans were acquired at three consecutive time points, beginning during the acute phase (days 1, 7, and 90 post-stroke) in 12 patients after ischemic stroke. We found a preferential functional change in affected networks (i.e., networks containing lesions changed more during recovery when compared with unaffected networks). This change in connectivity was significantly correlated with clinical changes assessed with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Our results provide evidence that the functional architecture of large-scale networks is critical to understanding the clinical effect and trajectory of post-stroke recovery.

scholarly journals Hierarchical disruption in the cortex of anesthetized monkeys as a new signature of consciousness loss

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Miguel Signorelli ◽  
Lynn Uhrig ◽  
Morten Kringelbach ◽  
Bechir Jarraya ◽  
Gustavo Deco
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Depth Of Anesthesia ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cortical Hierarchy ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Structure Similarity

AbstractAnesthesia induces a reconfiguration of the repertoire of functional brain states leading to a high function-structure similarity. However, it is unclear how these functional changes lead to loss of consciousness. Here we suggest that the mechanism of conscious access is related to a general dynamical rearrangement of the intrinsic hierarchical organization of the cortex. To measure cortical hierarchy, we applied the Intrinsic Ignition analysis to resting-state fMRI data acquired in awake and anesthetized macaques. Our results reveal the existence of spatial and temporal hierarchical differences of neural activity within the macaque cortex, with a strong modulation by the depth of anesthesia and the employed anesthetic agent. Higher values of Intrinsic Ignition correspond to rich and flexible brain dynamics whereas lower values correspond to poor and rigid, structurally driven brain dynamics. Moreover, spatial and temporal hierarchical dimensions are disrupted in a different manner, involving different hierarchical brain networks. All together suggest that disruption of brain hierarchy is a new signature of consciousness loss.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Meditation Training and Executive Control Network Resting State Functional Connectivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne A. Taren ◽  
Peter J. Gianaros ◽  
Carol M. Greco ◽  
Emily K. Lindsay ◽  
April Fairgrieve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Control Network

scholarly journals Brain functional changes in patients with botulism after illegal cosmetic injections of botulinum toxin: A resting-state fMRI study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0207448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge-Fei Li ◽  
Shiyu Ban ◽  
Mengxing Wang ◽  
Jilei Zhang ◽  
Haifeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Brain functional changes in patients with Crohn's disease: A resting‐state fMRI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Li ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Jian‐Guang Xu ◽  
Yan‐Ling Zheng ◽  
Qian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Evaluating the evidence for biotypes of depression: attempted replication of Drysdale et.al. 2017

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dinga ◽  
Lianne Schmaal ◽  
Brenda Penninx ◽  
Marie Jose van Tol ◽  
Dick J. Veltman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation Therapy ◽  
Clinical Profiles

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric disorders are highly heterogeneous, defined based on symptoms with little connection to potential underlying biological mechanisms. A possible approach to dissect biological heterogeneity is to look for biologically meaningful subtypes. A recent study Drysdale et al. (2017) showed promising results along this line by simultaneously using resting state fMRI and clinical data and identified four distinct subtypes of depression with different clinical profiles and abnormal resting state fMRI connectivity. These subtypes were predictive of treatment response to transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy.ObjectiveHere, we attempted to replicate the procedure followed in the Drysdale et al. study and their findings in an independent dataset of a clinically more heterogeneous sample of 187 participants with depression and anxiety. We aimed to answer the following questions: 1) Using the same procedure, can we find a statistically significant and reliable relationship between brain connectivity and clinical symptoms? 2) Is the observed relationship similar to the one found in the original study? 3) Can we identify distinct and reliable subtypes? 4) Do they have similar clinical profiles as the subtypes identified in the original study?MethodsWe followed the original procedure as closely as possible, including a canonical correlation analysis to find a low dimensional representation of clinically relevant resting state fMRI features, followed by hierarchical clustering to identify subtypes. We extended the original procedure using additional statistical tests, to test the statistical significance of the relationship between resting state fMRI and clinical data, and the existence of distinct subtypes. Furthermore, we examined the stability of the whole procedure using resampling.Results and ConclusionWe were not able to replicate the findings of the original study. Relationships between brain connectivity and clinical symptoms were not statistically significant and we also did not find clearly distinct subtypes of depression. We argue, that based on our rigorous approach and in-depth review of the original results, that the evidence for the existence of the distinct resting state connectivity based subtypes of depression is weak and should be interpreted with caution.

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