scholarly journals Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy Targeting Cancer Stem Cells from Mono- to Combination Therapy

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Hend M. Nawara ◽  
Said M. Afify ◽  
Ghmkin Hassan ◽  
Maram H. Zahra ◽  
Akimasa Seno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Applications

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutical agent commonly used to treat several kinds of cancer. PTX is known as a microtubule-targeting agent with a primary molecular mechanism that disrupts the dynamics of microtubules and induces mitotic arrest and cell death. Simultaneously, other mechanisms have been evaluated in many studies. Since the anticancer activity of PTX was discovered, it has been used to treat many cancer patients and has become one of the most extensively used anticancer drugs. Regrettably, the resistance of cancer to PTX is considered an extensive obstacle in clinical applications and is one of the major causes of death correlated with treatment failure. Therefore, the combination of PTX with other drugs could lead to efficient therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of PTX, and the current studies focusing on PTX and review promising combinations.

scholarly journals Cancer Stem Cells—Key Players in Tumor Relapse

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Monica Marzagalli ◽  
Fabrizio Fontana ◽  
Michela Raimondi ◽  
Patrizia Limonta
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Tumor Relapse ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

Tumor relapse and treatment failure are unfortunately common events for cancer patients, thus often rendering cancer an uncurable disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells endowed with tumor-initiating and self-renewal capacity, as well as with high adaptive abilities. Altogether, these features contribute to CSC survival after one or multiple therapeutic approaches, thus leading to treatment failure and tumor progression/relapse. Thus, elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with stemness-driven resistance is crucial for the development of more effective drugs and durable responses. This review will highlight the mechanisms exploited by CSCs to overcome different therapeutic strategies, from chemo- and radiotherapies to targeted therapies and immunotherapies, shedding light on their plasticity as an insidious trait responsible for their adaptation/escape. Finally, novel CSC-specific approaches will be described, providing evidence of their preclinical and clinical applications.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs at the Crossroad of the Dichotomic Pathway Cell Death vs. Stemness in Neural Somatic and Cancer Stem Cells: Implications and Therapeutic Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9630
Author(s):  
Andrea Diana ◽  
Giuseppe Gaido ◽  
Cristina Maxia ◽  
Daniela Murtas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Brain Areas

Stemness and apoptosis may highlight the dichotomy between regeneration and demise in the complex pathway proceeding from ontogenesis to the end of life. In the last few years, the concept has emerged that the same microRNAs (miRNAs) can be concurrently implicated in both apoptosis-related mechanisms and cell differentiation. Whether the differentiation process gives rise to the architecture of brain areas, any long-lasting perturbation of miRNA expression can be related to the occurrence of neurodevelopmental/neuropathological conditions. Moreover, as a consequence of neural stem cell (NSC) transformation to cancer stem cells (CSCs), the fine modulation of distinct miRNAs becomes necessary. This event implies controlling the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic target genes, which is crucial for the management of neural/neural crest-derived CSCs in brain tumors, neuroblastoma, and melanoma. From a translational point of view, the current progress on the emerging miRNA-based neuropathology therapeutic applications and antitumor strategies will be disclosed and their advantages and shortcomings discussed.

scholarly journals Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastassja Terraneo ◽  
Francis Jacob ◽  
Anna Dubrovska ◽  
Jürgen Grünberg
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Modeling the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme and Cancer Stem Cells with Ordinary Differential Equations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Abernathy ◽  
Jeremy Burke
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Common Event

Despite improvements in cancer therapy and treatments, tumor recurrence is a common event in cancer patients. One explanation of recurrence is that cancer therapy focuses on treatment of tumor cells and does not eradicate cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are postulated to behave similar to normal stem cells in that their role is to maintain homeostasis. That is, when the population of tumor cells is reduced or depleted by treatment, CSCs will repopulate the tumor, causing recurrence. In this paper, we study the application of the CSC Hypothesis to the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme by immunotherapy. We extend the work of Kogan et al. (2008) to incorporate the dynamics of CSCs, prove the existence of a recurrence state, and provide an analysis of possible cancerous states and their dependence on treatment levels.

scholarly journals STEM-20. RADIO-SENSITIZING GLIOBLASTOMA CANCER STEM CELLS BY INHIBITION OF FACT

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi237-vi238
Author(s):  
Miranda Montgomery ◽  
Abigail Zalenski ◽  
Amanda Deighen ◽  
Sherry Mortach ◽  
Treg Grubb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Treatment Paradigm

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) has a particularly high rate of recurrence with a 5-year overall survival rate of approximately 5%. This is in part due to a sub-population of cancer stem cells (CSC), which are both radioresistant and chemotherapeutically resistant to conventional treatments. Here we investigated CBL0137, a small molecule form of curaxin, in combination with radiotherapy as a means to radiosensitize CSCs. CBL0137 sequesters FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex to chromatin, which leads to activation of p53 and inhibition of NF-κB. This sequestering of FACT results in cytotoxicity especially within tumor cells and prevents FACT from performing its primary role as a histone chaperone, as well as inhibits its part in the DNA damage response pathway. We show that when combined with radiotherapy, CBL0137 administration limited the ability of CSCs to identify and repair damaged DNA. CSCs treated in vitro with CBL0137 and irradiation showed an increased inhibition of cancer cell growth and decreased viability compared to irradiation or drug alone. Combination therapy also showed more DNA damage in the CSCs than with either agent alone. Based on our in vitro evidence for the efficacy of combination therapy to target CSCs, we moved forward to test the treatment in vivo. Using a subcutaneous model, we show that the amount of CD133+ cells (a marker for GMB CSCs) was reduced in irradiation plus CBL0137 compared to either treatment alone. Survival studies demonstrated that irradiation plus CBL0137 compared to irradiation alone or CBL0137 alone increase lifespan. Here we show the ability of CBL0137, in combination with irradiation, to target patient GBM CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. This work establishes a new treatment paradigm for GBM that inclusively targets CSCs and may ultimately reduce tumor recurrence.

scholarly journals Cancer stem cells from epithelial ovarian cancer patients privilege oxidative phosphorylation, and resist glucose deprivation

Oncotarget ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 4305-4319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pastò ◽  
Chiara Bellio ◽  
Giorgia Pilotto ◽  
Vincenzo Ciminale ◽  
Micol Silic-Benussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Glucose Deprivation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document