scholarly journals A Comparison of Various Chips Used for the Manufacture of Biosensors Applied in Non-Fluidic Array SPRi, Based on the Example of Determination of Cathepsin D

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Pawel Falkowski ◽  
Piotr Mrozek ◽  
Piotr Miluski ◽  
Zenon Lukaszewski ◽  
Ewa Gorodkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Spr Imaging ◽  
New Material ◽  
Material Solution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pepstatin A ◽  
Correct Level

Non-fluidic array SPR imaging (SPRi) with appropriate biosensors is a new tool for the determination of various biomarkers in body fluids. Numerous biomarkers can be determined without signal enhancement or preliminarily preconcentration. The introduction of a new material solution of the chip may increase the scope of the application of this technique. Solutions with adhesive separating foil and an Ag/Au chip were compared with the previously used two-paint separating polymer and pure gold chip. These solutions were tested using the example of a biosensor for cathepsin D (Cath D), which consisted of pepstatin A (a Cath D inhibitor) immobilized via a cysteamine linker using the NHS/EDC protocol. Four material versions of the Cath D biosensor proved adequate in terms of range of linearity, LOQ, precision and recovery. All four versions of the biosensor were used for the determination of Cath D in the blood serum patients with glioblastoma and control samples, producing very similar results and showing an elevated biomarker concentration in the case of cancer. Therefore, the problem of determining the correct level of Cath D in the serum of healthy individuals has been resolved, correcting literature data which ranged over three orders of magnitude.

scholarly journals An Immunosensor for the Determination of Cathepsin S in Blood Plasma by Array SPRi—A Comparison of Analytical Properties of Silver–Gold and Pure Gold Chips

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Pawel Falkowski ◽  
Piotr Mrozek ◽  
Zenon Lukaszewski ◽  
Lukasz Oldak ◽  
Ewa Gorodkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Signal Enhancement ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Spr Imaging ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Cost

The array SPR imaging (SPRi) technique is well suited to the determination of biomarkers in body fluids, called liquid biopsy. No signal enhancement or analyte preconcentration is required. With the aim of achieving signal enhancement and lowering the cost of a single determination, the replacement of gold-covered chips by silver–gold chips was investigated. The aim of this work was to investigate the analytical characteristics of a biosensor formed on a Ag/Au chip and to compare them with those of a biosensor formed on a gold chip. A biosensor for the determination of cathepsin S (Cath S) was chosen as an example. The biosensor consisted of the linker cysteamine and an immobilized rat monoclonal antibody specific for cathepsin S. Both biosensors exhibited a Langmuirian response to Cath S concentration, with linear response ranging from LOQ to 1.5 ng mL−1. The LOQ is 0.1 ng mL−1 for the biosensor formed on the Ag/Au chip, and 0.22 ng mL−1 for that formed on the gold chip. Recoveries and precision for medium and high Cath S concentrations were acceptable for both biosensors, i.e., precision better than 10% and recoveries within the range 102–105%. However, the results for the lowest Cath S concentration were better for the biosensor formed on the Ag/Au chip (9.4 and 106% for precision and recovery, respectively). Generally, no significant differences in analytical characteristics were observed between the Ag/Au and Au chips. The two biosensors were also compared in the determination of Cath S in real samples. Nine plasma samples from healthy donors and nine from patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed for Cath S concentration with the biosensors formed on Ag/Au and Au chips. The results obtained with the two biosensors were very similar and show no significant differences on the Bland–Altman plot. The Cath S concentration in the blood plasma of ovarian cancer patients was elevated by one order of magnitude as compared with the control (12.6 ± 3.6 vs. 1.6 ± 1.2 ng mL−1).

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Amankwah K.S. ◽  
A.D. Weberg ◽  
R.C. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Application of EDS Technique for OSP Film Thickness Measurement

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prong Kongsubto ◽  
Sirarat Kongwudthiti
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Ic Manufacturing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Film Thickness Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Organic solderability preservatives (OSPs) pad is one of the pad finishing technologies where Cu pad is coated with a thin film of an organic material to protect Cu from oxidation during storage and many processes in IC manufacturing. Thickness of OSP film is a critical factor that we have to consider and control in order to achieve desirable joint strength. Until now, no non-destructive technique has been proposed to measure OSP thickness on substrate. This paper reports about the development of EDS technique for estimating OSP thickness, starting with determination of the EDS parameter followed by establishing the correlation between C/Cu ratio and OSP thickness and, finally, evaluating the accuracy of the EDS technique for OSP thickness measurement. EDS quantitative analysis was proved that it can be utilized for OSP thickness estimation.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites under Controlled Composting Conditions and Freshwater Biotope

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Pavel Brdlík ◽  
Martin Borůvka ◽  
Luboš Běhálek ◽  
Petr Lenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Flat Film ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Acetyl Tributyl Citrate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

The influence of additives such as natural-based plasticiser acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), CaCO3 and lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) on the biodegradation of polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites was studied by monitoring microbial metabolic activity through respirometry. Ternary biocomposites and control samples were processed by a twin-screw extruder equipped with a flat film die. Commonly available compost was used for the determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of PLA biocomposites under controlled composting conditions (ISO 14855-1). In addition, the hydro-degradability of prepared films in a freshwater biotope was analysed. To determine the efficiency of hydro-degradation, qualitative analyses (SEM, DSC, TGA and FTIR) were conducted. The results showed obvious differences in the degradation rate of PLA biocomposites. The application of ATBC at 10 wt.% loading increased the biodegradation rate of PLA. The addition of 10 wt.% of CaCO3 into the plasticised PLA matrix ensured an even higher degradation rate at aerobic thermophilic composting conditions. In such samples (PLA/ATBC/CaCO3), 94% biodegradation in 60 days was observed. In contrast, neat PLA exposed to the same conditions achieved only 16% biodegradation. Slightly inhibited microorganism activity was also observed for ternary PLA biocomposites containing L-CNC (1 wt.% loading). The results of qualitative analyses of degradation in a freshwater biotope confirmed increased biodegradation potential of ternary biocomposites containing both CaCO3 and ATBC. Significant differences in the chemical and structural compositions of PLA biocomposites were found in the evaluated period of three months.

scholarly journals Investigation of thermal changes in the thyroid gland region of individuals with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia by analyzing the temperature of brown adipose tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Christakis Costa ◽  
Joaquim Miguel Maia ◽  
Marcos Leal Brioschi ◽  
José Eduardo de Melo Mafra Machado
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis exploratory retrospective study aims to investigate the thermal changes in the thyroid gland region of patients with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia by analyzing the temperature of the brown adipose tissue (BAT). A total of 166 individuals from 1000 thermographic electronic medical records were classified into four groups: Group HP + FM-50 individuals with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia; Group FM-56 individuals with fibromyalgia only; Group HP-30 individuals with hypothyroidism only, and Group Control-30 healthy individuals. The thermal images from the electronic medical records were acquired by a FLIR T650SC infrared camera (used for thermometry) and the temperature data for each group were statistically analyzed. Group HP + FM showed r = 0, meaning that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT are independent of each other. Groups FM, HP and Control showed r = 1, meaning that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT were directly related. Our findings showed that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT regions are similar. Also, there was no correlation between thyroid gland temperature and the presence of hypothyroidism or fibromyalgia using thermometry.

Investigation of Impact Profile and Isolation Effect in Automated Impact Device Design and Control for Operational Modal Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. Ong ◽  
C. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Impact Device ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
And Control ◽  
Phase Angles ◽  
Synchronous Time

A novel modal analysis technique called impact-synchronous modal analysis (ISMA) was introduced in previous research. With the utilization of impact-synchronous time averaging (ISTA), this modal analysis can be performed in presence of ambient forces whereas the conventional analysis method requires machines to be totally shut down. However, lack of information of phase angles with respect to impact in ISMA has caused it to be labor-intensive and time-consuming. An automated impact device (AID) is introduced in this study in the effort to replace the manually operated impact hammer and prepare it to be used in the current practice of ISMA on the purpose of enhancing its effectiveness and practicability. Impact profile and isolation effect are noted to be the contributing parameters in this study. This paper devoted on calibrating and controlling of the AID which gives the desired impact profiles as compared to the manual impact hammer. The AID is found effective in the determination of dynamic characteristics when the device is isolated from the boundary condition of the test structure.

Characterization and Control of Copper CMP with Optoacoustic Metrology

2001 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gostein ◽  
Paul Lefevre ◽  
Alex A. Maznev ◽  
Michael Joffe
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Polishing ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Length Measurement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTWe discuss applications of optoacoustic film thickness metrology for characterization of copper chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP). We highlight areas where the use of optoacoustics for CMP characterization provides data complementary to that obtained by other techniques because of its ability to directly measure film thickness with high spatial resolution in a rapid, non-destructive manner. Examples considered include determination of planarization length, measurement of film thickness at intermediate stages of polish, and measurement of arrays of metal lines.

scholarly journals Alanine Aminopeptidase, γ-Glutamyl Transferase and β2-microglobulin as Diagnostic Markers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Dejan Spasovski ◽  
Todor Gruev ◽  
Nada Marina ◽  
Jordan Calovski ◽  
Ljubinka Rajčevska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Diagnostic Markers ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Kinetic Assay ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Alanine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Alanine Aminopeptidase, γ-Glutamyl Transferase and β2-microglobulin as Diagnostic Markers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis The purpose of this research is to evaluate the values of alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and β2-Microglobulin in urine (β2-M), in untreated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to define the effect of untreated rheumatoid arthritis on the tubular function and brush border region. We used a kinetic assay for AAP, standard methods by the IFCC for γ-glutamyl transferase and MEIA for the determination of β2-Microglobulin in urine in 70 participants (35 untreated RA patients, 35 healthy individuals). From the total of 35 RA patients, 24 patients had AAP (sensitivity of the test 68.57%), 16 patients had γ-GT enzymuria (sensitivity of the test 45.71%), while the presence of β2-Microglobulin in urine was found in a very low percentage. Out of 18 RF negative patients, 14 patients are AAP positive, 10 patients were γ-GT positive, while the presence of β2-Microglobulin in urine was not detected. Among 17 RF positive RA patients, the presence of AAP was noticed in 10, the presence of γ-GT in 6 patients, while the presence of β2-Microglobulin in urine was not detected. AAP has higher sensitivity than γ-GT and β2-Microglobulin in the detection of asymptomatic renal lesions in untreated RA.

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