scholarly journals Perinatal Acetaminophen Exposure and Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Exploring the Role of Umbilical Cord Plasma Metabolites in Oxidative Stress Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Neha S. Anand ◽  
Ramkripa Raghavan ◽  
Guoying Wang ◽  
Xiumei Hong ◽  
Romuladus E. Azuine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cord Plasma

Oxidative stress mechanisms may explain associations between perinatal acetaminophen exposure and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether the changes in umbilical cord plasma amino acids needed to synthesize the antioxidant glutathione and in the oxidative stress biomarker 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine may explain the association between cord plasma acetaminophen and ADHD in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC). Mother–child dyads were followed at the Boston Medical Center between 1998 and 2018. Cord plasma analytes were measured from archived samples collected at birth. Physician diagnoses of childhood ADHD were obtained from medical records. The final sample consisted of 568 participants (child mean age [SD]: 9.3 [3.5] years, 315 (52.8%) male, 248 (43.7%) ADHD, 320 (56.3%) neurotypical development). Cord unmetabolized acetaminophen was positively correlated with methionine (R = 0.33, p < 0.001), serine (R = 0.30, p < 0.001), glycine (R = 0.34, p < 0.001), and glutamate (R = 0.16, p < 0.001). Children with cord acetaminophen levels >50th percentile appeared to have higher risk of ADHD for each increase in cord 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine level. Adjusting for covariates, increasing cord methionine, glycine, serine, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine were associated with significantly higher odds for childhood ADHD. Cord methionine statistically mediated 22.1% (natural indirect effect logOR = 0.167, SE = 0.071, p = 0.019) and glycine mediated 22.0% (natural indirect effect logOR = 0.166, SE = 0.078, p = 0.032) of the association between cord acetaminophen >50th percentile with ADHD. Our findings provide some clues, but additional investigation into oxidative stress pathways and the association of acetaminophen exposure and childhood ADHD is warranted.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and immune aberrancies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a case–control comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies A. J. Verlaet ◽  
Annelies Breynaert ◽  
Berten Ceulemans ◽  
Tess De Bruyne ◽  
Erik Fransen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Comparison

scholarly journals Natural Compounds for the Management of Parkinson’s Disease and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Corona
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an unknown aetiology. The pathogenic mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein dysfunction, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and abnormal deposition of α-synuclein. Currently, the existing pharmacological treatments for PD cannot improve fundamentally the degenerative process of dopaminergic neurons and have numerous side effects. On the other hand, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and is characterised by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The aetiology of ADHD remains unknown, although it has been suggested that its pathophysiology involves abnormalities in several brain regions, disturbances of the catecholaminergic pathway, and oxidative stress. Psychostimulants and nonpsychostimulants are the drugs prescribed for the treatment of ADHD; however, they have been associated with increased risk of substance use and have several side effects. Today, there are very few tools available to prevent or to counteract the progression of such neurological disorders. Thus, therapeutic approaches with high efficiency and fewer side effects are needed. This review presents a brief overview of the two neurological disorders and their current treatments, followed by a discussion of the natural compounds which have been studied as therapeutic agents and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects, in particular, the decrease in oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Corona
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Altered Immune Response

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. Although abnormalities in several brain regions and disturbances of the catecholaminergic pathway have been demonstrated, the pathophysiology of ADHD is not completely understood, but as a multifactorial disorder, has been associated with an increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This review presents an overview of factors that increase oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants and also the treatment with medications are two factors that can increase oxidative damage, whereas the comorbidity between ADHD and inflammatory disorders, altered immune response, genetic and environmental associations, and polymorphisms in inflammatory-related genes can increase neuroinflammation. Evidence of an association with these factors has become valuable for research on ADHD. Such evidence opens up new intervention routes for the use of natural products as antioxidants that could have potential as a treatment against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in ADHD.

Genetic and environmental contributions to retrospectively reported DSM-IV childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Haberstick ◽  
D. Timberlake ◽  
C. J. Hopfer ◽  
J. M. Lessem ◽  
M. A. Ehringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundA variety of methodologies and techniques converge on the notion that adults and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have similar deficits, but there is limited knowledge about whether adult retrospective reports reflect similar genetic and environmental influences implicated in childhood ADHD.MethodDSM-IV ADHD symptoms were collected retrospectively from 3896 young adults participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Responses from this genetically informative sample of same- and opposite-sex twins and siblings were used to determine the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences. Possible gender differences in these effects were also examined. The degree of familial specificity of the genetic and environmental influences on the Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive symptom dimensions was also determined.ResultsAdditive genetic effects contributed moderately to DSM-IV Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive and Combined ADHD subtypes (heritability estimates of 0.30–0.38). Individual-specific influences accounted for the remaining proportion of the variance. Both genetic and individual-specific environmental effects contributed to the covariation of Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive symptomologies.ConclusionsResults from our genetic analyses agree with previous findings based on self-assessment of current and retrospectively reported ADHD symptoms in adolescents and adults. Large individual-specific environmental influences as identified here suggest that current questionnaires used for retrospective diagnoses may not provide the most accurate reconstruction of the etiological influences on childhood ADHD in general population samples.

Adult ADHD: a controversial diagnosis?

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiveen Kirley ◽  
Michael Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Comorbid Disorders ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
Child Guidance ◽  
Controversial Area

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity with onset in children before the age of seven years. ADHD is the most common disorder presenting to child guidance clinics and has been shown to be a well-validated diagnosis. Current estimates of prevalence range from 1%5%. The concept of adult ADHD as a clinical entity is an emerging but controversial area in psychiatry. While childhood ADHD is accepted as a reliable and valid diagnosis, the validity of adult ADHD as a disorder is unclear. This paper reviews the likely presenting features of adult ADHD and common comorbid disorders. Guidelines for assessment and management are discussed and the evidence for validity of the diagnosis is critically examined.

From Childhood into Adulthood: The Changing Face of ADHD

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (S23) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenard A. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey ◽  
Adolescent Patients

How common is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and does the prevalence change from adolescence to adulthood?A number of studies have reviewed the persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood into adolescence and adulthood as well as how the disorder changes over the lifespan of the illness. Recently, a metaanalysis found that the worldwide prevalence of childhood ADHD is ∼8%, and approximately two thirds of children with ADHD continue to have the disorder as adults. The National Comorbidity Survey is possibly the most comprehensive, up-to-date study examining the prevalence of community-based prevalence of adult ADHD; 4.4% of patients in that study were found to have ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD among adolescent patients seems to lie somewhere between the prevalence rates for children and adults.

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