scholarly journals Determination of Thermal Comfort Zones through Comparative Analysis between Different Characterization Methods of Thermally Dissatisfied People

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Pedro Filipe da Conceição Pereira ◽  
Evandro Eduardo Broday
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
American Society

In order to maintain thermal comfort and preserve indoor environmental quality, people use heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems inside buildings. However, buildings must be prepared not only to provide adequate thermal comfort to their occupants but also to align strategies that enable better energy performance. Thus, this work aimed to establish thermal comfort zones (TCZ) through different characterization methods of thermally dissatisfied people. Responses were collected from 481 students, through the application of questionnaires in classrooms, during the Brazilian winter of 2019. Three methods for determining the actual percentage of dissatisfied (APD) were adopted, which generated three different equations, namely: APD_1; APD_2 and APD_3, based on the original Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) equation. By using the probit model, three TCZ were calculated: 17.73–22.4 °C (APD_1); 20.71–20.93 °C (APD_2) and 17.89–24.83 °C (APD_3). In addition, a comfort zone based on the linear regression between the thermal sensation votes and the operative temperature was determined (18.77–22.69 °C). All thermal comfort zones resulting from this work have colder temperatures than that indicated by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers - ASHRAE (2017) of 23–26 °C for the winter, showing the potential for energy savings from the adoption of this type of strategy, while maintaining thermal comfort.

scholarly journals THERMAL COMFORT AND ENERGY SOLUTIONS FOR A BETTER RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT IN MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Aziah Mohd Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Data Monitoring ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Passive Design ◽  
Design Systems

In hot-humid Malaysia, there are around five million units of housing. Among these, the medium-density terraced are the most built. However, little emphasis was given to designing for thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Consequently, air-conditioning is ubiquitous with ever-rising residential energy consumption. This paper studied passive design systems to improve living conditions and conserve energy through orientation and insulation parameters for terraced housing. Utilizing a triangulation of methods to correlate between thermal comfort and energy performance, findings from the questionnaire survey, data monitoring and computer simulation contended that with the passive design strategies minimum thermal comfort is attainable and energy savings predicted.

scholarly journals Transformation of an Office Building into a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB): Implications for Thermal and Visual Comfort and Energy Performance

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ballarini ◽  
Giovanna De Luca ◽  
Argun Paragamyan ◽  
Anna Pellegrino ◽  
Vincenzo Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Efficiency Measures

Directive 2010/31/EU promotes the refurbishment of existing buildings to change them into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs). Within this framework, it is of crucial importance to guarantee the best trade-off between energy performance and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The implications of a global refurbishment scenario on thermal and visual comfort are assessed in this paper pertaining to an existing office building. The retrofit actions applied to achieve the nZEB target consist of a combination of envelope and technical building systems refurbishment measures, involving both HVAC and lighting. Energy and comfort calculations were carried out through dynamic simulation using Energy Plus and DIVA, for the thermal and visual performance assessments, respectively. The results point out that energy retrofit actions on the building envelope would lead to significant improvements in the thermal performance, regarding both energy savings (−37% of the annual primary energy for heating) and thermal comfort. However, a daylighting reduction would occur with a consequent higher electricity demand for lighting (36%). The research presents a detailed approach applicable to further analyses aimed at optimizing the energy efficiency measures in order to reduce the imbalance between visual and thermal comfort and to ensure the best performance in both domains.

scholarly journals Determination of Thermal Comfort in Indoor Sport Facilities Located in Moderate Environments: An Overview

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Fantozzi ◽  
Giulia Lamberti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Sport Facilities

In previous years, providing comfort in indoor environments has become a major question for researchers. Thus, indoor environmental quality (IEQ)—concerning the aspects of air quality, thermal comfort, visual and acoustical quality—assumed a crucial role. Considering sport facilities, the evaluation of the thermal environment is one of the main issues that should be faced, as it may interfere with athletes’ performance and health. Thus, the necessity of a review comprehending the existing knowledge regarding the evaluation of the thermal environment and its application to sport facilities becomes increasingly relevant. This paper has the purpose to consolidate the aspects related to thermal comfort and their application to sport practice, through a deep study concerning the engineering, physiological, and psychological approaches to thermal comfort, a review of the main standards on the topic and an analysis of the methodologies and the models used by researchers to determine the thermal sensation of sport facilities’ occupants. Therefore, this review provides the basis for future research on the determination of thermal comfort in indoor sport facilities located in moderate environments.

scholarly journals THERMAL COMFORT AND ENERGY SOLUTIONS FOR A BETTER RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT IN MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Aziah Mohd Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Data Monitoring ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Passive Design ◽  
Design Systems

In hot-humid Malaysia, there are around five million units of housing. Among these, the medium-density terraced are the most built. However, little emphasis was given to designing for thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Consequently, air-conditioning is ubiquitous with ever-rising residential energy consumption. This paper studied passive design systems to improve living conditions and conserve energy through orientation and insulation parameters for terraced housing. Utilizing a triangulation of methods to correlate between thermal comfort and energy performance, findings from the questionnaire survey, data monitoring and computer simulation contended that with the passive design strategies minimum thermal comfort is attainable and energy savings predicted.

Enhancing Thermal Comfort with Ceiling Fans

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Rohles ◽  
Stephan A. Konz ◽  
Byron W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Category Rating ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Subjective Responses

To determine the effectiveness of ceiling fans in enhancing comfort, 256 subjects were examined at 24.4 C (76 F), 26.1 C (79 F), 27.8 C (82 F), and 29.4 C (85 F) (all at 50% rh), in an environmental chamber that was equipped with a ceiling fan that produced four velocity conditions: 0.15 m/s (30 fpm), 0.25 m/s (50 fpm), 0.46 m/s (90 fpm), and 1.02 m/s (200 fpm). A fifth velocity, in which the fan was not employed, was 0.06 m/s (10 fpm); this served as the control velocity. Three subjective responses were measured: thermal sensation (a 9-category rating scale), thermal comfort (a 7-pair semantic differential scale), and a question on temperature preference. The results showed that an air plume from a ceiling fan whose velocity is between 0.5 and 1.0 m/s (90 and 200 fpm) compensates for a 2.8–3.3°C (5–6°F) temperature change; this represents an energy savings of 15–18% when based on the National Bureau of Standards' suggestion of a reduction in air conditioning energy demand of 6% per °C or 3% per °F. It also concluded that a ceiling fan may extend the upper limit of the summer comfort envelope from 26.1 to 29.4 C (79 to 85 F) and that the turbulent and variable characteristics of the air plume of the ceiling fan may be its major comfort-producing attribute.

scholarly journals Thermal Dynamic Behavior in Bi-Zone Habitable Cell with and without Phase Change Materials

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hanae El Fakiri ◽  
Lahoucine Ouhsaine ◽  
Abdelmajid El Bouardi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Simplified Modeling

The thermal dynamic behavior of buildings represents an important aspect of the energy efficiency and thermal comfort of the indoor environment. For this, phase change material (PCM) wallboards integrated into building envelopes play an important role in stabilizing the temperature of the human comfort condition. This article provides an assessment of the thermal behavior of a “bi-zone” building cell, which was built based on high-energy performance (HEP) standards and heated by a solar water heater system through a hydronic circuit. The current study is based on studying the dynamic thermal behavior, with and without implantation of PCMs on envelope structure, using a simplified modeling approach. The evolution of the average air temperature was first evaluated as a major indicator of thermal comfort. Then, an evaluation of the thermal behavior’s dynamic profile was carried out in this study, which allowed for the determination of the PCM rate anticipation in the thermal comfort of the building cell.

Applying the Passivhaus standard to a terraced house in a hot and humid tropical climate – Evaluation of comfort and energy performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
Roy Candra Sigalingging ◽  
David Chow ◽  
Steve Sharples
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Humid Tropical Climate ◽  
Air Temperatures

In a hot and humid tropical climate, natural ventilation brings high levels of moisture into dwellings that, together with occupant activity, can result in very elevated internal relative humidity levels. Coupling these high relative humidities with high internal air temperatures creates occupant thermal discomfort, which is typically ameliorated in the tropics using energy-intensive air conditioning systems. This paper has investigated the potential benefits for thermal comfort and energy usage of applying the German Passivhaus standard to tropical dwellings. By creating a super insulated and air-tight envelope, the Passivhaus standard reduces fabric heat transfer, controls air infiltration and provides low-energy comfort. Applying this approach to a tropical terraced house might be effective but could, potentially, have an adverse impact on mechanical cooling demand. This study took an actual terraced property in Jakarta, Indonesia and thermally modelled its performance as insulation and airtightness levels were incrementally improved up to the Passivhaus standard. Field measurements in the dwelling of air temperature and relative humidity were used to validate the thermal model of the existing house. The validated model then tested the feasibility of meeting the Passivhaus energy standard for cooling in the modified tropical house. Simulation allowed the effects of air conditioning (AC) and dehumidifiers on thermal comfort and cooling loads to be investigated. The research develop the Passivhaus building model that had the floor insulation removed to let the ground floor act as a thermal sink and potentially provide radiant cooling. Analysis revealed that the building’s predicted air temperatures were affected in a beneficial way by having the Passivhaus without floor insulation. Practical application: Cooling in hot and humid tropical region is an energy-intensive approach. Design approaches that can bring comfort and save energy for the occupant are essential. The success of Passivhaus standard in mild climate might be transferable to bring comfort in tropical housing. Best practice can be developed by analysing the Passivhaus building performance in hot and humid tropical region.

scholarly journals Assessing the indoor thermal comfort of a toll station

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02031
Author(s):  
Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida ◽  
Eva Barreira ◽  
Sandra Soares ◽  
Ramos Nuno M.M. ◽  
Sérgio Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Local Thermal Comfort ◽  
Toll Station ◽  
Global And Local

The importance of a good indoor environment for peoples’ health and wellbeing is nowadays clearly established. Besides enhancing the wellbeing of building occupants and helping decrease the occurrence of building related illness, a good indoor environment can also lead to a decrease in worker complaints and absenteeism. This paper presents the results of a three-month monitoring campaign where the thermal comfort of a toll station was evaluated, including the main room and the cabins. The physical parameters required for the assessment of both global and local thermal comfort were measured and the results were compared with the thermal perception of the occupants, which was collected through questionnaires. The indoor environmental quality in the main room was better than in the cabins and a mismatch between the PMV index and the occupants thermal sensation was identified.

scholarly journals The Relation between Effective Temperature and Thermal Sensation Vote in Tropical Vernacular Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Psychrometric Chart

One of the factors to enable energy efficiency in buildings is creating thermal comfort for the occupants of buildings so that the artificial vaporization is not required. The thermal sensation vote (TSV) is an indicator in analyzing the occupants’ satisfaction on the thermal comfort of their buildings. Some climate variables that relate to the TSV include air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The three variables can be combined into a variable using a psychrometric chart. The combined variable is known as an effective temperature. The present research aims at analyzing the connection between effective temperature and TSV in vernacular houses in the tropical mountain and beach locations and comparing the results of the analysis. The quantitative method was employed in the research by measuring the variables of climate using a thermal measuring instrument. The TSV was measured with ASHRAE (American Standard of Heating, Refrigerating, Air-Conditioning Engineer)’s seven-point sensation scale. The measurement was carried out in transitional periods from the dry season to the wet season. Interpretation of graphs and charts was made for analysis based on the variable of effective temperature. The results of the research indicated that there was a connection between effective temperature and TSV. The effective temperature in vernacular houses in tropical mountain locations tended to be lower, and therefore the cool thermal sensation had the greatest percentage of TSV. Meanwhile, the effective temperature in tropical beach locations tended to be high, and therefore the warm thermal sensation had the greatest percentage. In a neutral scale, the percentage of TSV in tropical mountain locations was greater than that of TSV in tropical beach locations. Therefore, it is concluded that the occupants of vernacular houses in tropical mountain location felt more comfortable than those of vernacular houses in tropical beach locations.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort Assessment at Parcel and Logistic Industry: A Field Study in Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rasdan Ismail ◽  
Norfadzilah Jusoh ◽  
Mohd nizam ab. rahman Ab. rahman ◽  
Rozli Zulkifli ◽  
Kumaran Kardigama
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Solar Energy Research Institute

This paper presents the workers thermal sensation votes and perception of the thermal environment in air conditioning at one of the workspace in Malaysian parcel and logistic industry. The environment factors examined was the relative humidity (%), wind speed (m/s), air temperature (C) and CO2 (ppm) of the surrounding workstation area. These factors were measured using custom integrated thermal comfort apparatus namely as Thermal Comfort Equipment developed by Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, which is capable of measuring various environmental factors. The time series data of fluctuating level of environment factors were plotted to identify the significant changes and patterns among the factors. Then the thermal comfort of the workers was assessed by using ISO Standard 7730 and thermal sensation scale by using Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). Further Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) is used to estimate the thermal comfort satisfaction of the occupant. Finally the PMV and PPD were plotted to present the thermal comfort scenario of workers involved in related workspace. The results revealed that the thermal comfort at the particular workplace was warming followed by thermal sensation and likely to be dissatisfied by dominant of occupants. The results also indicated that the CO2and index of clothing (clo) dominated the parameters of comfort to the occupants.

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