scholarly journals Determination of Thermal Comfort in Indoor Sport Facilities Located in Moderate Environments: An Overview

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Fantozzi ◽  
Giulia Lamberti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Sport Facilities

In previous years, providing comfort in indoor environments has become a major question for researchers. Thus, indoor environmental quality (IEQ)—concerning the aspects of air quality, thermal comfort, visual and acoustical quality—assumed a crucial role. Considering sport facilities, the evaluation of the thermal environment is one of the main issues that should be faced, as it may interfere with athletes’ performance and health. Thus, the necessity of a review comprehending the existing knowledge regarding the evaluation of the thermal environment and its application to sport facilities becomes increasingly relevant. This paper has the purpose to consolidate the aspects related to thermal comfort and their application to sport practice, through a deep study concerning the engineering, physiological, and psychological approaches to thermal comfort, a review of the main standards on the topic and an analysis of the methodologies and the models used by researchers to determine the thermal sensation of sport facilities’ occupants. Therefore, this review provides the basis for future research on the determination of thermal comfort in indoor sport facilities located in moderate environments.

scholarly journals Determination of Thermal Comfort Zones through Comparative Analysis between Different Characterization Methods of Thermally Dissatisfied People

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Pedro Filipe da Conceição Pereira ◽  
Evandro Eduardo Broday
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
American Society

In order to maintain thermal comfort and preserve indoor environmental quality, people use heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems inside buildings. However, buildings must be prepared not only to provide adequate thermal comfort to their occupants but also to align strategies that enable better energy performance. Thus, this work aimed to establish thermal comfort zones (TCZ) through different characterization methods of thermally dissatisfied people. Responses were collected from 481 students, through the application of questionnaires in classrooms, during the Brazilian winter of 2019. Three methods for determining the actual percentage of dissatisfied (APD) were adopted, which generated three different equations, namely: APD_1; APD_2 and APD_3, based on the original Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) equation. By using the probit model, three TCZ were calculated: 17.73–22.4 °C (APD_1); 20.71–20.93 °C (APD_2) and 17.89–24.83 °C (APD_3). In addition, a comfort zone based on the linear regression between the thermal sensation votes and the operative temperature was determined (18.77–22.69 °C). All thermal comfort zones resulting from this work have colder temperatures than that indicated by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers - ASHRAE (2017) of 23–26 °C for the winter, showing the potential for energy savings from the adoption of this type of strategy, while maintaining thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort Applied in Hospital Environments: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Filipe da Conceição Pereira ◽  
Evandro Eduardo Broday ◽  
Antonio Augusto de Paula Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
World Health ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
The World

The predicted mean vote (PMV) is the most widely used model around the world to assess thermal comfort in indoor environments. The year 2020 marks the 50th anniversary of the PMV model and also the year in which the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. In this context, hospital environments and health professionals are at the center of attention, and a good indoor environment for those professionals to develop their activities is essential. Thus, considering the PMV model and focusing on hospital environments, this study performed a literature review of studies published between 1968 and August 2020. The research identified 153 papers on thermal comfort and its application in hospitals, health centers, and elderly centers. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were adopted to determine the most relevant studies for the four research questions proposed in this study. After applying the exclusion criteria, 62 studies were included in order to identify their main characteristics. In the universe of the 62 studies, this review identified 24 studies that applied the PMV model and 12 where there was a comparison of PMV and the thermal sensation votes (TSV) reported by people. The main findings of this research are: (i) A good thermal environment for professionals and patients is important, and more studies are needed; (ii) there are little explored topics, such as productivity related to thermal comfort in hospital environments; (iii) in addition to thermal comfort, other indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters have also been evaluated, such as indoor air quality (IAQ); (iv): the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted how the quality of indoor spaces is important in order to ensure occupant’s health.

scholarly journals An Interactive Task Conditioning System Featuring Personal Comfort Models and Non-Intrusive Sensing Techniques: A Field Study in Shanghai

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Siliang Lu ◽  
Erica Cochran Hameen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Open Plan

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems play a key role in shaping office environments. However, open-plan office buildings nowadays are also faced with problems like unnecessary energy waste and an unsatisfactory shared indoor thermal environment. Therefore, it is significant to develop a new paradigm of an HVAC system framework so that everyone could work under their preferred thermal environment and the system can achieve higher energy efficiency such as task ambient conditioning system (TAC). However, current task conditioning systems are not responsive to personal thermal comfort dynamically. Hence, this research aims to develop a dynamic task conditioning system featuring personal thermal comfort models with machine learning and the wireless non-intrusive sensing system. In order to evaluate the proposed task conditioning system performance, a field study was conducted in a shared office space in Shanghai from July to August. As a result, personal thermal comfort models with indoor air temperature, relative humidity and cheek (side face) skin temperature have better performances than baseline models with indoor air temperature only. Moreover, compared to personal thermal satisfaction predictions, 90% of subjects have better performances in thermal sensation predictions. Therefore, personal thermal comfort models could be further implemented into the task conditioning control of TAC systems.

scholarly journals Outdoor Thermal Comfort at a University Campus: Studies from Personal and Long-Term Thermal History Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9284
Author(s):  
Jiao Xue ◽  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Shu Nuke Sani ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Xinyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Winter Climate

Thermally comfortable outdoor spaces have contributed to high-quality urban living. In order to provide a further understanding of the influences of gender and long-term thermal history on outdoor thermal comfort, this study conducted field surveys at a university campus in Shanghai, China by carrying out microclimatic monitoring and subjective questionnaires from May to October, 2019. The analysis of collected data found that, during our survey, 57% of the occupants felt comfortable overall and 40–60% of them perceived the microclimate variables (air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed) as “neutral”. The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) provided a better correlation with occupant thermal sensation than the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). Females were more sensitive to the outdoor thermal environment than males. Older age led to lower thermal sensation, but the thermal sensitivities for age groups of <20, 20–50, and >50 were similar. Occupants who had resided in Shanghai for a longer period showed higher overall comfort rating and lower thermal sensation. Interviewees who came from hot summer and cold winter climate regions were less effected by the change of UTCI than those from severe cold or cold climate regions.

scholarly journals Assessing the indoor thermal comfort of a toll station

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02031
Author(s):  
Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida ◽  
Eva Barreira ◽  
Sandra Soares ◽  
Ramos Nuno M.M. ◽  
Sérgio Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Local Thermal Comfort ◽  
Toll Station ◽  
Global And Local

The importance of a good indoor environment for peoples’ health and wellbeing is nowadays clearly established. Besides enhancing the wellbeing of building occupants and helping decrease the occurrence of building related illness, a good indoor environment can also lead to a decrease in worker complaints and absenteeism. This paper presents the results of a three-month monitoring campaign where the thermal comfort of a toll station was evaluated, including the main room and the cabins. The physical parameters required for the assessment of both global and local thermal comfort were measured and the results were compared with the thermal perception of the occupants, which was collected through questionnaires. The indoor environmental quality in the main room was better than in the cabins and a mismatch between the PMV index and the occupants thermal sensation was identified.

Thermal Comfort of the Elderly in Public Health Service Buildings of Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Chorpech Panraluk ◽  
Atch Sreshthaputra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Thermal comfort of the Thai elderly in air-conditioned space. The quantitative evaluation was conducted using 163 senior participants while recording their expressed satisfaction within the thermal environment in four public health service buildings in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. It revealed that for the Thai elderly, the Predicted Mean Vote could not be used to identify the Thermal Sensation Vote. In addition, the results of this study indicated that personal factors, such as gender, age, and underlying disease correlating affect their Thermal Sensation Vote. Perhaps most significantly, a coincidental finding was that the thermal sensation of the Thai elderly was strongly dependent upon the condition of the occupant’s metabolic syndrome, which belonged to the Non-Communicable Disease group. This study assumed that in the elderly, the metabolic syndrome might have an effect on their metabolic rate (as one of the six factors of thermal comfort). In terms of the environmental factors, the on-site environmental data was collected via field works. It found that the air-conditioned spaces had mean radiant temperatures of 23.20-31.40 °C, this condition would make seniors feel comfortable if the thermal environment in the study areas were controlled: air temperature 23.00-27.80 °C, relative humidity 54.00-73.00% and air velocity 0.08-0.72 m/s. However, some elderly wanted to change this thermal environment to either cooler (10.68%) or warmer (4.85%). Therefore, it should be further study to find the proper thermal environment for covering the most of the seniors in Thailand.

The Thermal Comfort of Sedentary Workers

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Foo ◽  
WO Phoon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Preferred Temperature

Two hundred and eighty-five Office workers were surveyed and the micro-climatic conditions in which they worked were measured to evaluate their preferred temperature. About 78% of workers considered the natural tropical climate uncomfortable. However, 76% to 87% of workers in airconditioned Offices approved of their thermal environment if its temperature ranged from 21°C to 27°C. Many workers who felt that the temperature produced a neutral thermal sensation in the body as a whole, tended to complain that their heads were too warm and at the same time their limbs too cool. About 60% of workers in airconditioned Offices were exposed to an air temperature of less than 24°C. Present data suggest that an air temperature of 27°C would be comfortable for more than 80% of workers.

Thermal comfort analyses of naturally ventilated university classrooms

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 427-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baharuddin Hamzah ◽  
Muhammad Taufik Ishak ◽  
Syarif Beddu ◽  
Mohammad Yoenus Osman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
University Classrooms

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse thermal comfort and the thermal environment in naturally ventilated classrooms. Specifically, the aims of the study were to identify the thermal environment and thermal comfort of respondents in naturally ventilated university classrooms and compare them with the ASHRAE and Indonesian National Standard (SNI); to check on whether the predicted mean vote (PMV) model is applicable or not for predicting the thermal comfort of occupants in naturally ventilated university classrooms; and to analyse the neutral temperature of occupants in the naturally ventilated university classrooms. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out at the new campus of Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa campus. A number of field surveys, which measured thermal environments, namely, air temperature, mean radiant temperature (MRT), relative humidity, and air velocity, were carried out. The personal activity and clothing properties were also recorded. At the same time, respondents were asked to fill a questionnaire to obtain their thermal sensation votes (TSV) and thermal comfort votes (TCV), thermal preference, and thermal acceptance. A total of 118 respondents participated in the study. Before the survey was conducted, a brief explanation was provided to the participants to ensure that they understood the study objectives and also how to fill in the questionnaires. Findings The results indicated that the surveyed classrooms had higher thermal environments than those specified in the well-known ASHRAE standard and Indonesian National Standard (SNI). However, this condition did not make respondents feel uncomfortable because a large proportion of respondents voted within the comfort zone (+1, 0, and −1). The predictive mean vote using the PMV model was higher than the respondents’ votes either by TSV or by TCV. There was a huge difference between neutral temperature using operative temperature (To) and air temperature (Ta). This difference may have been because of the small value of MRT recorded in the measured classrooms. Originality/value The research shows that the use of the PMV model in predicting thermal comfort in the tropic region might be misleading. This is because PMV mostly overestimates the TSV and TCV of the respondents. People in the tropic region are more tolerant to a higher temperature. On the basis of this finding, there is a need to develop a new thermal comfort model for university classrooms that is particularly optimal for this tropical area.

scholarly journals Assessing the thermal comfort in non-air conditioned classrooms in Ho Chi Minh City

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (T4) ◽  
pp. 232-240
Author(s):  
Nam Thi Que Nguyen ◽  
Nam Thi Que Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Cong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Time

Thermal comfort is a parameter to assess environmental indoor quality which affects especially performance of students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in classrooms at a university campus in Ho Chi Minh City to assess the thermal condition during the class time. Microclimate parameters were measured at the same time when students answered the survey on their thermal sensation and acceptability of the indoor climate. Objective data analysis from adaptive PMV model for non-air-conditioned buildings revealed that none of classes had the thermal condition were in the comfort zone of TCVN 7438:2004, coinciding with the subjective result from the surveys. The research showed that 72 percent of the 472 students did not accept the thermal environment and 91.3 percent of students preferred cooler. The suggested neutral temperature was 29.4 oC, the derived from the linear regression between adaptive Predicted Mean Vote (aPMV) and operative temperature (To).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in the Traditional Bourgeoisie Houses in Beirut

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Jad Hammoud ◽  
Elise Abi Rached
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Climate Zones

The increasing of energy demands has considerably increased the requirements for new and traditional buildings in different climate zones. Unprecedented heat waves have increased climate temperature, in particular, in moderate climate zones such as Lebanon. In Beirut, only the residential sector consumes 50% of total electricity consumption. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning) systems are used to reach acceptable thermal comfort levels in the new residential buildings. In case of the traditional bourgeoisie houses in Beirut, there are no discussions about the use of HVAC systems to achieve the required thermal comfort level. Thus, to reach an acceptable thermal comfort level, these houses which already contain natural ventilation system shall adapt the modern thermal comfort requirements and thermal comfort strategies and technologies where their architectural features and existing materials condition the available solutions. In order to identify the best options within the possible intervention lines (envelopes, passive strategies, equipment, renewable energy systems), it is necessary to perceive the real performance of this type of houses. In this context, the article presents the results of the study of thermal performance and comfort in a three case studies located in Beirut. Detailed field data records collected are analyzed, with a view to identify the indoor thermal environment with respect to outdoor thermal environment in different seasons. Monitoring also included measurement of hygrothermal parameters and surveys of occupant thermal sensation.

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