VR and AR Restoration of Urban Heritage: A Virtual Platform Mediating Disagreement from Spatial Conflicts in Korea

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Hyun-Chul Youn ◽  
Seong-Lyong Ryoo
Keyword(s):  
Place Identity ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Digital Restoration ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Virtual Platform

This study sought to uncover (1) the disagreement of spatial conflict between urban heritage and surrounding urban structure using two case studies from Korea—the main gate of the royal palace (Gwanghwamun) and the urban park containing celebrity graves (Hyoch’ang Park)—and (2) whether digital heritage restoration may mediate spatial conflict. A historical literature review and field surveys were conducted, with three main findings. First, the place identity of Gwanghwamun and Hyoch’ang Park, rooted in the Josŏn Dynasty, was seriously damaged during the Japanese colonial period. Although there were national attempts to recover the place identities of these sites during the modern period, limitations existed. Second, the restoration of Gwanghwamun’s Wŏltae (podium) and the relocation of Ŭiyŏlsa (the shrine of Hyoch’ang Park), which involved spatial transformation based on heritage, emerged in conflict with their surrounding urban structures—we identify a spatial conflict between local residents and stakeholders’ memories and the histories of these sites. Third, Donŭimun (the west gate of the city wall of the Josŏn Dynasty) digital restoration is a case mediating the conflict by restoring a sense of place in a virtual space and activating the cultural memory of the public by showcasing properties.

scholarly journals Defining the Distinctiveness of Urban Heritage Identity: Chiang Mai Old City, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Natthakit Phetsuriya ◽  
Tim Heath
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Local People ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Old City

Distinctiveness is a fundamental part of defining place identity. This paper aims to define the identity of place through the distinctiveness of the urban heritage of Chiang Mai Old City, Thailand. Chiang Mai Old City has unprecedented levels of diversity and a cultural dynamics related to its intangible and tangible urban heritage. Moreover, the city is in the important stage of being nominated as a new World Heritage Site of UNESCO, with the city’s distinctiveness being significant in supporting further heritage management strategies. The research presented in this paper mainly focuses on how local people interpret and understand the urban heritage identity of Chiang Mai Old City. This has been achieved through surveys of four hundred participants who live in the Old City and a two-way focus group with five participants in each group. The results provide seven aspects to describe the distinctiveness of Chiang Mai Old City. Moreover, the results can also be used to develop an assessment indicator for defining the distinctiveness of other cities through the engagement of local people.

scholarly journals Supporting a Decision for Informal Settlements Development using the Analytical Network Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Ayman M. Zakaria Eraqi ◽  
Usama Hamed Issa ◽  
Mary A. A. Elminiawy
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Development Plans

Developing informal settlements has become an important issue for improving urban structures in developing countries. An Informal Settlements Development Fund (ISDF) was presented to Egypt for supporting urban, economic, social and environmental plans. Development plans do not clearly take into account population priorities or satisfaction criteria. Furthermore, evaluating several alternatives was based on usual statistical methods that cannot deal with multiple criteria or complex problems, leading to imprecise results. Nowadays, adding value to the developed area, restoring cost, and studying social and economic plan impacts on the population, represent high priorities. In this study, a model concerns the optimal decision evaluation for multi-criteria in informal settlements development was proposed. Five clusters (criteria) were identified and included the efficiencies of urban structure, economic, social, and environmental, in addition to population satisfaction. Twenty one internal factors represented in nods were categorized under the five clusters and affecting proposed four alternatives. The model depended on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique which is used to support multi-criteria decision making. ANP was selected for its capability to deal with complex problems, create dependencies and feedbacks as well as use the relative weights of all interactions. This technique confirms a logical decision and accurate prediction amongst numerous alternatives. The model was validated and applied to an informal settlements area as a case study in Egypt. The results supported to use first alternative by 38.20%, while the ISDF results selected the third alternative. Moreover, the detailed analysis emphasized that the first alternative was more balanced between the social elements and the direct economic requirements of the population, while the third alternative tended to achieve restoring cost despite its negative social effects. Lastly, the proposed model can be used appropriately in similar cases to improve informal settlements.

scholarly journals Artificial Barriers of the Cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Martina Peřinková ◽  
Eva Slováková ◽  
Václav Potůček
Keyword(s):  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons

Urban structure is constantly changing. Its development was influenced by several important steps in history of any city. Up to interval of time, it is possible to accept the assessment of the pros and cons, but mainly emerging lessons for the future. When studying the map sources, the authors of the article found three main groups. These groups have got common working title barriers of the cities. For the single barriers of the cities were chosen the specific examples of urban structures on which the effects of their influence were demonstrated. On the basis of the influence of the three groups of barriers were defined two basic structures of the cities.

scholarly journals Urban Shrinkage and Sustainability: Assessing the Nexus between Population Density, Urban Structures and Urban Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Slach ◽  
Vojtěch Bosák ◽  
Luděk Krtička ◽  
Alexandr Nováček ◽  
Petr Rumpel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Urban Level ◽  
Land Use Development ◽  
Planning Culture ◽  
The City

Urban shrinkage has become a common pathway (not only) in post-socialist cities, which represents new challenges for traditionally growth-oriented spatial planning. Though in the post-socialist area, the situation is even worse due to prevailing weak planning culture and resulting uncoordinated development. The case of the city of Ostrava illustrates how the problem of (in)efficient infrastructure operation, and maintenance, in already fragmented urban structure is exacerbated by the growing size of urban area (through low-intensity land-use) in combination with declining size of population (due to high rate of outmigration). Shrinkage, however, is, on the intra-urban level, spatially differentiated. Population, paradoxically, most intensively declines in the least financially demanding land-uses and grows in the most expensive land-uses for public administration. As population and urban structure development prove to have strong inertia, this land-use development constitutes a great challenge for a city’s future sustainability. The main objective of the paper is to explore the nexus between change in population density patterns in relation to urban shrinkage, and sustainability of public finance.

Urban Residential Analysis: 1. Spatial Consumer Behaviour

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Strong Concern

Equilibrium efficiency and optimum are fundamental concepts that characterize the form of ideal cities. Such forms, coupled with the ‘closed’–‘open’ distinction, provide a rich gamut of urban structures. Yet transcending this diversity of types and individualistic attributes there is a more general, unified level of analysis. Long (1971) has worked at this level, and the trend is continued in this paper. Externalities, policies, and public goods are fundamental issues underlining the recent strong concern for normative analysis. Such issues are typically related to questions of environmental quality. Indeed the impact of environmental quality upon urban structure is decisive: the message emerges clearly as the main conclusion of this essay. The gist of the analysis concerns relations among environmental quality, composition of society, and spatial choice. These relations are general in the sense that they apply both to positive and to normative models of cities.

The Changes of Urban Structure and Commuting: An Application to Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yao ◽  
Changjoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Transit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Areas ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
The Impact

While urban structures have been delineated at the regional level, few works have explored the impact of urban structures on commuting at this same level. This article studies how urban structures affect commuting from 2000 to 2010. It applies a spatial statistical tool, standard deviation ellipses, to capture spatial patterns of jobs and residential workers for metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Two urban structure indexes are constructed to illustrate different decentralization levels of employment with reference to the distribution of residential workers; one illustrates the spatial decentralization of high job density nodes, while the other shows the spatial decentralization of moderate job density nodes. Commuting times of two modes by private cars and public transit are analyzed along with the number of commuters. The results highlight three findings: (1) MSAs become more compact in terms of employment distribution, (2) more decentralized high-density nodes lead to less total commuting times, and on the other hand, more decentralized moderate job density nodes contribute to longer commuting times, and (3) the decentralization of high job density nodes is associated with less commuting time of private cars, while they have insignificant effect on commuting time of public transit.

scholarly journals Without Leaders, Mottos or Billboards: Fight for the City and Routine Resistance in the Private Sector of Cities in East Russia (Case of Khabarovsk)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-105
Author(s):  
L.E. Bliakher ◽  
A.V. Kovalevsky
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
East Russia ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The article examines the forms of routine resistance of the community that was established within the space of the Soviet private sector in the cities located in the eastern part of Russia. Despite active regular construction, these spaces still make up a significant part of cities. However, in contrast to the Soviet period, when living there was perceived as forced and temporary, today this form of residence is a conscious choice. The former private sector witnesses the emergence of the community, whose existence is based on values, social and communicative practices, and forms of economic activity that are noticeably different from the official ones. This community “produces space” that is appropriate to its lifestyle. For the official authorities (at the state and city levels), this space turns out to be “empty”, representing “promising areas of development”. Its population remains invisible to these authorities. This creates a latent conflict that gives rise to the forms of re sistance described in the article. With all the variety of such forms, there is one main thing that unites them — people’s desire to distance from the state and the city it regulates. The authors find out that another group of city dwellers with a much higher socio-economic status — residents of urban mansion districts — share the same aspiration. According to the authors, this desire can be explained by the fact that a resident of a Russian city has few opportunities to find soli da rity community within the existing urban structures and therefore builds his/her life “outside the city wall”, creating analogs of the pre-modern Euro pean municipalities. The remaining “urban” part of the city is increasingly turning into a feudal lord’s castle that from time to time sends troops to punish the “rebels”. As long as a feudal lord has an understanding that he really needs townspeople, and they have the opportunity to “escape” from the raid, the situation seems stable. When the raids become too frequent, and it is impossible to escape from them, the population will attack. At the moment, judging by the attitude of the group studied in the article to the rallies in defense of S.Furgal, ex-governor of Khabarovsk region, the authorities still have room for maneuver. However, for how long this situation will last remains to be seen.

scholarly journals Historical Places and Identity of the Cities: Khuzam Palace Museum, Jeddah

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Marwa Abouhassan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Physical Elements

Place identity refers to a cluster of ideas about identity and place in the fields of geography, urban planning, urban design, landscape architecture, and environmental psychology. Place identity has become a significant issue in the last 25 years in urban planning and design. Place identity concerns the meaning and significance of places for their inhabitants and users, and how these meanings contribute to individuals' conceptualizations of self. Place identity also relates to the context of mogdernity, history, and the politics of representation (Proshansky et al., 1995).Jeddah went through dramatic changes in the last 70 years after demolishing the old city wall and oil booming, which affected the identity, traditions, and lifestyle (Shiber, 1967). In order to eliminate the lack of city identity and change the people's attachment to Jeddah's new urban development, this paper will take Khuzam Palace Museum as a case study to express the relationship between the past and present in the city. The paper will have an analytical review of urban memory, place identity, and place attachment elements. At the end, the paper will set some recommendations to consider using and respecting the community memories from the past that related physical elements and social interaction that have to express into new forms of place-making in the future development to increase the identity and the sense of belonging in Jeddah city.

scholarly journals PHENOMENON OF SENSE OF THE PLACE AS AN INTEGRAL DIMENSION OF CITYSCAPE IDENTITY (KAUNAS CASE) / VIETOS JAUSMO REIŠKINYS KAIP NEATSIEJAMAS MIESTOVAIZDŽIO IDENTITETO DĖMUO (KAUNO MIESTO ATVEJIS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Ingrida Povilaitienė ◽  
Jūratė Kamičaitytė-Virbašienė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Urban Territories

The paper intends to examine the sense of the place phenomenon. The generic hypothesis is that there are certain factors which determine a particular level of sense of the place and at the same time the overall place identity. In order to test this hypothesis, it is necessary: to overview concepts of cityscape identity and sense of the place and their research methodology; to identify residents’ sense of the place in the specific urban environment; to assess the significance of the sense of the place predictors distinguished in the related literature in the particular case; to find out what factors, according to the residents, are the most important to their place attachment; to reveal positive and negative aspects of the certain urban territories; to distinguish the most preferred areas from the total urban structure and to find out the reasons for the appeal; by summarizing the results, to identify the factors that enhance the sense of place, and thus the overall cityscape identity. Kaunas city and its neighbourhoods were chosen for the case study The methods of the research include: the overview of the scientific literature, the semi-structured interview with Kaunas residents; systematization, comparison and generalization of all collected data. Šiame straipsnyje gilinamasi į vietos jausmo reiškinį ir atskleidžiama jo reikšmė holistiniam miestovaizdžio identitetui. Pirminė tyrimo hipotezė teigia, kad egzistuoja tam tikri veiksniai, kurie nulemia vienokį ar kitokį vietos jausmo lygį, kartu ir bendrą vietos identitetą. Siekiant patikrinti šią hipotezę reikia apžvelgti miestovaizdžio identiteto ir vietos jausmo sampratas bei jų tyrimų metodiką; nustatyti gyventojų vietos jausmą konkrečioje urbanistinėje aplinkoje; konkrečiu atveju įvertinti literatūroje išskiriamų vietos jausmo prognozinių rodiklių įtaką; išsiaiškinti, kokie veiksniai, anot gyventojų, lemia jų prisirišimą prie vietos; atskleisti konkrečių urbanistinių teritorijų teigiamus elementus ir neigiamus aspektus; iš bendros urbanistinės struktūros išskirti patraukliausias teritorijas ir išsiaiškinti jų patrauklumo priežastis; apibendrinus rezultatus, nustatyti veiksnius, stiprinančius vietos jausmą, o kartu ir bendrą miestovaizdžio identitetą. Atvejo studijai pasirinktas Kauno miestas ir jo mikrorajonai. Tyrimo metodai apima susijusios mokslinės literatūros apžvalgą, pusiau struktūrinę Kauno miesto gyventojų apklausą, duomenų susisteminimą, palyginimą ir apibendrinimą.

scholarly journals GREENERY OF FORMER MANOR SITES IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Jurga Vitkuvienė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Problems on the role of greenery of former manors in the urban structure are discussed in the paper. Importance of integrating manor greenery into an urban environment is analyzed. A few examples of relationship between manor greenery and urban structures are described. Distinguishing features of manor greenery in the context of town greenery are established. The purpose of the paper lies in discussing the following issues: usage of former manor greenery, its protection in an urbanized environment, and prospects of its usage for quantitative and qualitative urban development.

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