scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles, A Possible Theranostic Platform Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma—An Overview

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igea D’Agnano ◽  
Anna Concetta Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third highest cause of mortality from cancer, largely because of delays in diagnosis. There is currently no effective therapy for advanced stage HCC, although sorafenib, the standard treatment for HCC, systemic therapy (including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anti-angiogenesis agents), and more recently, immunotherapy, have demonstrated some survival benefit. The measurement and modification of extracellular vesicle (EVs) cargoes—composed of nucleic acids, including miRNAs, proteins, and lipids—holds great promise for future HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review will provide an overview of the most recent findings regarding EVs in HCC, and the possible future use of EVs as “liquid biopsy”-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and as a vehicle for targeted drug-delivery.

scholarly journals Dual-Ligand Functionalized Core-Shell Chitosan-Based Nanocarrier for Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Targeted Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 821-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Hefnawy ◽  
Islam H Khalil ◽  
Kholoud Arafa ◽  
Marwan Emara ◽  
Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Targeted Drug

Platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and local chemo-photothermal therapy of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 4648-4659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Wu ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Hui-Ming Zan ◽  
Zhongzhong Liu ◽  
Ganggang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Controllable Release ◽  
Targeted Drug

Specific targeted drug delivery and controllable release of drugs at tumor regions are two of the main challenges for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy, particularly post metastasis.

scholarly journals Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening identified PHGDH as a critical driver for Sorafenib resistance in HCC

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Wei ◽  
Derek Lee ◽  
Cheuk-Ting Law ◽  
Misty Shuo Zhang ◽  
Jialing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Library Screening ◽  
Sorafenib Treatment ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase

Abstract Sorafenib is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the development of drug resistance is common. By using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening, we identify phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the first committed enzyme in the serine synthesis pathway (SSP), as a critical driver for Sorafenib resistance. Sorafenib treatment activates SSP by inducing PHGDH expression. With RNAi knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout models, we show that inactivation of PHGDH paralyzes the SSP and reduce the production of αKG, serine, and NADPH. Concomitantly, inactivation of PHGDH elevates ROS level and induces HCC apoptosis upon Sorafenib treatment. More strikingly, treatment of PHGDH inhibitor NCT-503 works synergistically with Sorafenib to abolish HCC growth in vivo. Similar findings are also obtained in other FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including Regorafenib or Lenvatinib. In summary, our results demonstrate that targeting PHGDH is an effective approach to overcome TKI drug resistance in HCC.

Collaborative assembly of doxorubicin and galactosyl diblock glycopolymers for targeted drug delivery of hepatocellular carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghua Li ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Chao Cai ◽  
Xiaozhi Rong ◽  
Meng Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Collaborative Assembly ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Novel Drug

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients suffer from severe pain due to the serious systemic side effects and low efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs, and it is important to develop novel drug delivery systems to circumvent these issues.

Recent Advances in Asialoglycoprotein Receptor and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Receptor-Mediated and/or pH Responsive Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Targeted Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Lan Li ◽  
Xiao-Min Zhu ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Chris Orvig ◽  
Zhen-Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Asialoglycoprotein Receptor ◽  
Glycyrrhetinic Acid ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Acid Labile

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously affects human health, especially, it easily develop multi-drug resistance (MDR) result in treatment failure. There is an urgent need to develop highly effective and low-toxicity therapeutic agents to treat HCC and overcome its MDR. Targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) for cancer therapy, including nanoparticles, lipids, micelles and liposomes, have been studied for decades. Recently, more and more attentions have been paid to multifunctional DDS containing various ligands such as polymer moieties, targeting moieties, and acid-labile linkages. The polymer moieties such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), chitosan, hyaluronic acid, pullulan, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) protect DDS from degradation. Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and glycyrrhetinic acid receptor (GAR) are the most often used as the targeting moieties, which are overexpressed on hepatocytes. Acid-labile linkage, catering for the pH difference between tumor cells and normal tissue, has been utilized to release drugs at tumor tissue. Objectives: This review provides a summary on the recent progresses in ASGPR and GAR-mediated and/or pH responsive HCC-targeted drug delivery. Conclusion: The multifunctional DDS may prolong systemic circulation, continuously release drugs, increase drugs tumor accumulation at targeted site,enhance anticancer effect, and reduce side effects both in vitro or vivo. But it is rarely used to investigate MDR of HCC, it is need to further study before in clinical.

A Review on Targeting Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1087-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanain Gomhor J. Alqaraghuli ◽  
Soheila Kashanian ◽  
Ronak Rafipour
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Targeted Drug

Chemotherapeutic agents have been used extensively in breast cancer remedy. However, most anticancer drugs cannot differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells, leading to toxic side effects. Also, the resulted drug resistance during chemotherapy reduces treatment efficacy. The development of targeted drug delivery offers great promise in breast cancer treatment both in clinical applications and in pharmaceutical research. Conjugation of nanocarriers with targeting ligands is an effective therapeutic strategy to treat cancer diseases. In this review, we focus on active targeting methods for breast cancer cells through the use of chemical ligands such as antibodies, peptides, aptamers, vitamins, hormones, and carbohydrates. Also, this review covers all information related to these targeting ligands, such as their subtypes, advantages, disadvantages, chemical modification methods with nanoparticles and recent published studies (from 2015 to present). We have discussed 28 different targeting methods utilized for targeted drug delivery to breast cancer cells with different nanocarriers delivering anticancer drugs to the tumors. These different targeting methods give researchers in the field of drug delivery all the information and techniques they need to develop modern drug delivery systems.

Troxerutin subdues hepatic tumorigenesis via disrupting the MDM2–p53 interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 5336-5349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Susan Thomas ◽  
Kiran George ◽  
Athavan Alias Anand Selvam
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Hepatic Tumorigenesis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of mortality worldwide.

scholarly journals The Evolving Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Patrizia Leone ◽  
Antonio Giovanni Solimando ◽  
Rossella Fasano ◽  
Antonella Argentiero ◽  
Eleonora Malerba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Protein Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Chronic Injury

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of most common cancers and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Commonly, HCC development occurs in a liver that is severely compromised by chronic injury or inflammation. Liver transplantation, hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and targeted therapies based on tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors are the most common treatments. The latter group have been used as the primary choice for a decade. However, tumor microenvironment in HCC is strongly immunosuppressive; thus, new treatment approaches for HCC remain necessary. The great expression of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activating gene 3 protein (LAG-3), and mucin domain molecule 3 (TIM-3), on tumor and immune cells and the high levels of immunosuppressive cytokines induce T cell inhibition and represent one of the major mechanisms of HCC immune escape. Recently, immunotherapy based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as single agents or in combination with kinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and locoregional therapies, offers great promise in the treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the recent clinical studies, as well as ongoing and upcoming trials.

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