scholarly journals Association between Abdominal Obesity and Incident Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1368
Author(s):  
Ga Eun Nam ◽  
Se-Jin Baek ◽  
Hong Bae Choi ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Jung-Myun Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: We investigated the association of w May aist circumference (WC) and abdominal obesity with the incident colorectal cancer risk in Korean adults. Methods: This nationwide population-based cohort study was based on health insurance claims data. We analyzed data from 9,959,605 participants acquired through health check-ups of the Korean National Health Insurance Service in 2009 who were followed up until the end of 2017. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: During 8.3 years of follow up, 101,197 cases (1.0%) of colorectal cancer were recorded. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a positive association between WC and colorectal cancer risk (p for trend <0.001). Abdominal obesity was associated with an increased risk of colorectal (hazard ratio: 1.10, (95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.12)), colon (1.11, 1.09–1.13), and rectal cancer (1.08, 1.05–1.10). These associations were independent of body mass index and were more pronounced in men and elderly individuals. Conclusion: We revealed that higher WC is related to colorectal cancer risk, thus suggesting that abdominal obesity may be a risk factor for colorectal cancer in this East Asian population.

scholarly journals Risk of a post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Danish population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000786
Author(s):  
Frederikke Schønfeldt Troelsen ◽  
Henrik Toft Sørensen ◽  
Lars Pedersen ◽  
Rune Erichsen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Time

ObjectivePrevalent type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and could impair the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. This may in turn increase the risk of overlooked precancerous polyps and subsequent risk of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC). We investigated whether patients with T2D are at increased risk of PCCRC compared with patients without T2D.DesignWe conducted a population-based cohort study of patients with T2D and without T2D undergoing colonoscopy in Denmark (1995–2015). We investigated the risk of PCCRC by calculating >6 to 36 months cumulative incidence proportions (CIPs) treating death and colectomy as competing risks. Using Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses, we also computed HRs of PCCRC, comparing patients with T2D and non-T2D. According to the World Endoscopy Organization guidelines, we calculated PCCRC 3-year rates to estimate the proportions of T2D and non-T2D CRC patients experiencing PCCRC.ResultsWe identified 29 031 patients with T2D and 333 232 patients without T2D undergoing colonoscopy. We observed 250 PCCRCs among patients with T2D and 1658 PCCRCs among patients without T2D. The >6 to 36 months CIP after a first-time colonoscopy was 0.64% (95% CI 0.55% to 0.74%) for T2D and 0.36% (95% CI 0.34% to 0.38%) for patients without T2D. The HRs of PCCRC were 1.43 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.72) after a first-time colonoscopy and 1.18 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.85) after a second-time colonoscopy. The PCCRC 3-year rate was 7.9% for patients with T2D and 7.4% for patients without T2D.ConclusionT2D may be associated with an increased HR of PCCRC.

scholarly journals Cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia patients: a population-based cohort study

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Berinder ◽  
Olof Akre ◽  
Fredrik Granath ◽  
Anna-Lena Hulting
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveExperimental evidence indicates that prolactin might play a role in tumorigenesis of several human cancers, but data on cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia patients are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia patients.DesignA population-based matched cohort study in Sweden.MethodsThe hyperprolactinemia cohort consisted of patients hospitalized for hyperprolactinemia from 1987 to 1995 identified in the National Patient Register (n=585) and a hospital cohort of prolactinoma patients at Karolinska University Hospital (n=384). For each patient, ten matched individuals were identified via the Register of Population. Cancer occurrence was ascertained via the Swedish Cancer Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsSeventy-three malignant tumors were identified in the hyperprolactinemia patients and 660 tumors in the comparison group (HR 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.68), mainly attributed to an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer in both males and females (HR 3.69; 95% CI: 1.70–8.03) and hematopoietic cancer in females (HR 3.51; 95% CI: 1.06–11.6). Twelve breast cancers occurred in the female patients, corresponding to an HR of 1.09 (95% CI: 0.60–1.99). Prostate cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia men was reduced (HR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16–0.99).ConclusionsAn increased overall cancer risk was found in hyperprolactinemia patients, but no increased risk of breast cancer in women and a reduced risk of prostate cancer in men. These findings warrant further investigations and to be confirmed in larger studies but may indicate the importance of an active treatment strategy and follow-up of hyperprolactinemia patients.

scholarly journals A prospective investigation of dietary prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer risk in the EPIC-Oxford cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Castro-Espin ◽  
Brittany Graham ◽  
Paul N. Appleby ◽  
Antonio Agudo ◽  
Timothy J. Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractIntroduction:Prebiotics are a subtype of dietary fibre selectively fermented by beneficial bacterial in the colon. Preclinical evidence has suggested that prebiotics may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. However, the association between dietary intake of prebiotics and colorectal cancer risk has not been investigated prospectively. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between total prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer risk. Further characterisation of the association by prebiotic sub-type (fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs)) and colorectal cancer sub-site (colon cancer and rectal cancer) were secondary objectives.Material and methods:A total of 53,700 men and women living in England and Scotland who were enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford study, were included in the analysis and followed up for incident colorectal cancers. Validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires administered at baseline were used to calculate daily fructan, GOS and total prebiotic intake. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations between prebiotic intake and risk of colorectal cancer.Results:A total of 574 incident cases of colorectal cancer were identified during a mean of 16.1 years of follow-up. Total prebiotic, fructan and GOS intake were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. The hazard ratios for those in the highest fourths of total prebiotic, fructan and GOS intake compared to those in the lowest fourths were 0.87 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.66–1.14; P for trend = 0.3), 0.91 (95% CI 0.70–1.18; P for trend = 0.4), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.66–1.15; P for trend = 0.4) respectively. The associations remained nonsignificant when colorectal cancer sub-sites were investigated separately.Discussion:The results from this observational study do not support an association between prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer risk. Given the biological plausibility of a role for prebiotics in reducing colorectal cancer risk and since the non-significant association between prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer risk observed in the current study may be due to the small number of cases and the healthy profile of the cohort, further epidemiological research is needed to characterise the association between dietary prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer incidence.

scholarly journals Sirtuin 1 genetic variation, energy balance and colorectal cancer risk by sex and subsite in the Netherlands Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. J. M. Simons ◽  
L. J. Schouten ◽  
R. W. Godschalk ◽  
F. J. van Schooten ◽  
P. A. van den Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Sirtuin 1

scholarly journals Association Between Blood Circulating Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Huachun Zou ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Chunlei Hu ◽  
Adejare (Jay) Atanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the association between blood circulating Vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population.DesignThis is a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies that investigated the relationship between blood circulating Vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population.Data SourcesRelevant studies were identified through a literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science from January 1980 to 31 January 2019. Eligibility criteria: original studies published in peer-reviewed journals investigating the association between blood circulating Vitamin D levels and the risk of colorectal cancer and/or adenoma in Asian countries.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. Study-specific ORs were pooled using a random-effects model. A dose-response meta-analysis was performed with generalized least squares regression. We applied the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment to evaluate the quality of the selected studies.ResultsThe eight included studies encompassed a total of 2,916 cases and 6,678 controls. The pooled ORs of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest categories of blood circulating Vitamin D levels was 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58-0.97] up to 36.5 ng/mL in the Asian population. There was heterogeneity among the studies (I2=53.9%, Pheterogeneity=0.034). The dose-response meta-analysis indicated a significant linear relationship (Pnon-linearity=0.11). An increment of 16 ng/mL in blood circulating Vitamin D level corresponded to an OR of 0.79 [95% CI, 0.64-0.97].ConclusionsThe results of this meta□analysis indicate that blood circulating Vitamin D level is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer in Asian countries. The dose-response meta-analysis shows that the strength of this association among the Asian population is similar to that among the Western population. Our study suggests that the Asian population should improve nutritional status and maintain a higher level of blood circulating Vitamin D.Strengths and limitations of this studyOur study seeks to extend previous work by including a number of new studies and by distinguishing the Asian population explicitly.The number of included studies is not sufficient to provide a robust estimate, so the results should be interpreted in the context of the limitations of the available data.Heterogeneous definitions of blood circulating Vitamin D categories were used across studies. The variability in definitions could limit comparability between studies.Our study included seven case-control studies; the study design implies that the measurement of blood circulating Vitamin D is measured in individuals already diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Results from case-control studies need to be interpreted cautiously because of the potential for reverse causation.Time of blood sampling in relation to outcome ascertainment also varied among studies. Such cross-sectional measurements may not accurately reflect an individual’s Vitamin D status across time.

scholarly journals The CRISP-P study: feasibility of a self-completed colorectal cancer risk prediction tool in primary care

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena C Harty ◽  
Jennifer G McIntosh ◽  
Adrian Bickerstaffe ◽  
Nadira Hewabandu ◽  
Jon D Emery
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Prediction Tool ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) globally. Our research team has developed a CRC risk prediction tool for use in primary care to increase targeted screening. This study, Colorectal cancer RISk Prediction tool – patient (‘CRISP-P’), aimed to determine the following to inform a future trial design: (i) the feasibility of self-reporting; (ii) the feasibility of recruitment methods; and (iii) the prevalence of CRC risk. Methods Participants aged between 40 and 75 years were recruited consecutively from three primary care waiting rooms. Participants input data into CRISP on a tablet without receiving clinical advice. Feasibility was evaluated using recruitment rate, timely completion, a self-reported ‘ease-of-use’, score and field notes. Prevalence of CRC risk was calculated using the CRISP model. Results Five hundred sixty-one (90%) patients agreed to use the tool and 424 (84%) rated the tool easy to use. Despite this, 41% of people were unable to complete the questions without assistance. Patients who were older, without tertiary education or with English as their second language were more likely to require assistance (P < 0.001). Thirty-nine percent of patients were low risk, 58% at slightly increased and 2.4% were at moderately increased risk of developing colorectal cancer in the next 5 years. Conclusions The tool was perceived as easy to use, although older, less educated people, and patients with English as their second language needed help. The data support the recruitment methods but not the use of a self-completed tool for an efficacy trial.

scholarly journals Sedentary Behaviors, TV Viewing Time, and Risk of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Long H Nguyen ◽  
Po-Hong Liu ◽  
Xiaobin Zheng ◽  
NaNa Keum ◽  
Xiaoyu Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed before age 50 years, or young-onset CRC, is increasing globally with undefined etiology. A sedentary lifestyle is an emerging risk factor for CRC after age 50 years, but its role in young-onset CRC is unknown. Methods We prospectively evaluated sedentary behaviors, primarily time watching television (TV), and risk of young-onset CRC among 89 278 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II ages 25–42 years at recruitment (1991–2011). We used Cox proportional hazards modelling to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical tests were two-sided. Results We documented 118 young-onset CRCs over 1 262 540 person-years. Sedentary TV viewing time was statistically significantly associated with increased risk of young-onset CRC, after adjusting for putative risk factors, including obesity and physical activity. Compared to no more than 7 hours per week, women with 7.1–14 hours per week of TV time had a multivariable relative risk (RR) of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72 to 1.75), further increased for greater than 14 hours per week (RR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.67, Ptrend = .03). This association was observed among participants without a CRC family history and was more pronounced for rectal cancer (RR for >14 vs ≤7 hours per week 2.44, 95% CI = 1.03 to 5.78, Ptrend = .04). Overweight or obese participants may be more susceptible. Conclusion Independent of exercise and obesity, prolonged sedentary TV viewing time, a surrogate for a more inactive lifestyle, was associated with increased risk of young-onset CRC, particularly of the rectum. These findings provide further evidence on the importance of maintaining an active lifestyle.

scholarly journals Dietary Polyamines Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3575
Author(s):  
Chu-Yi Huang ◽  
Yu-Jing Fang ◽  
Alinuer Abulimiti ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Unconditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Dietary Polyamines ◽  
Control Study

Polyamines (including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are small, cationic molecules that are necessary for cell proliferation and differentiation. Few studies have examined the association of dietary polyamines intake with colorectal cancer risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate total polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine intake in relation to colorectal cancer risk in China. In total, 2502 colorectal cancer cases and 2538 age-(5-year interval) and sex-matched controls were recruited from July 2010 to April 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by multivariable unconditional logistic regression after adjustment for various potential confounding factors. Higher intake of total polyamine, putrescine and spermidine was significantly associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The adjusted ORs for the highest compared with the lowest quartile of intake were 0.60 (95% CI 0.50, 0.72; Ptrend < 0.001) for total polyamines, 0.35 (95% CI 0.29, 0.43; Ptrend < 0.001) for putrescine and 0.79 (95% CI 0.66, 0.95; Ptrend = 0.001) for spermidine, respectively. However, higher intake of spermine was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer, with an adjusted OR of 1.58 (95% CI 1.29, 1.93; Ptrend < 0.001). This data indicate that higher intake of total polyamines, putrescine and spermidine, as well as lower intake of spermine, is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer.

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