scholarly journals Immunoglobulin M Paraproteinaemias

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1688
Author(s):  
Louis-Pierre Girard ◽  
Cinnie Yentia Soekojo ◽  
Melissa Ooi ◽  
Li Mei Poon ◽  
Wee-Joo Chng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Plasma Cell Dyscrasias ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Monoclonal paraproteinaemia is an increasingly common reason for referral to haematology services. Paraproteinaemias may be associated with life-threatening haematologic malignancies but can also be an incidental finding requiring only observation. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraproteinaemias comprise 15–20% of monoclonal proteins but pose unique clinical challenges. IgM paraproteins are more commonly associated with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma than multiple myeloma and can occur in a variety of other mature B-cell neoplasms. The large molecular weight of the IgM multimer leads to a spectrum of clinical manifestations more commonly seen with IgM paraproteins than others. The differential diagnosis of B-cell and plasma cell dyscrasias associated with IgM gammopathies can be challenging. Although the discovery of MYD88 L265P and other mutations has shed light on the molecular biology of IgM paraproteinaemias, clinical and histopathologic findings still play a vital role in the diagnostic process. IgM secreting clones are also associated with a number of “monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance” entities. These disorders pose a novel challenge from both a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective. In this review we provide a clinical overview of IgM paraproteinaemias while discussing the key advances which may affect how we manage these patients in the future.

scholarly journals Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in a case of beta thalassaemia major

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Syed Md Azad ◽  
Anwesha Mukherjee ◽  
Rohit Kapoor ◽  
Rohit Bannerji ◽  
Jaydeb Ray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Thalassaemia Major ◽  
Beta Thalassaemia ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Transfusion Dependency

Patients with beta- thalassaemia major have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from transfusion dependency to asymptomatic anaemia. Some may just have incidental finding of anaemia with splenomegaly during physical examination. Most of them require regular blood transfusion and their haemoglobin is maintained at an acceptable level. However they are at risk for multiple complications such as thrombo-embolic events which may be life threatening. We report here a case of beta- thalassaemia major complicated by cerebral sinus thrombosis, who had minimal clinical symptoms and signs at presentation. This case reiterates the importance of increased vigilance in the clinical management of this vulnerable group of patients. 

The BCR repertoire comparison, lymphoma typing model and OS predicted model in 5 different pathological lymphomas: T-LBL/ALL, PTCL-NOS, B-MCL, B-FL, and DLBCL.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8059-8059
Author(s):  
Wenhua Jiang ◽  
Shiyong Zhou ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Mingyou Gao ◽  
Kuo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Repertoire ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Predicted Model

8059 Background: Lymphatic system cancer is characterized by high heterogeneity in histology and clinical manifestations, B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) plays a vital role in anti-tumor immune responses. This study aimed to compare the BCR repertoire and identify some specific immune markers for different pathological lymphomas. Methods: 5 pathological types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (T-LBL/ALL, PTCL-NOS, B-MCL, B-FL, DLBCL) were collected, with reactive lymph node (RLN) hyperplasia as control. All patients were tested by high-throughput immunohistochemical sequencing (HTS-IR) to analyze the correlation between B-cell immunohistochemistry and clinical indicators, and constructed new strategy typing and overall survival (OS) predicted models for lymphomas. Results: The BCR repertoire had the highest diversity in RLN, followed by T-LBL/ALL, PTCL-NOS, DLBCL, B-MCL and B-FL. The diversity of BCR repertoire and similarity of B cell antigens were higher in B-MCL and B-FL patients. Similar to RLN, T-LBL/ALL and PTCL-NOS had broad and diverse V-J pairs, and rare in B-MCL, B-FL and DLBCL. RLN patients were with the highest average number of amino acids, followed by T-LBL/ALL, DLBCL, PTCL-NOS, B-MCL and B-FL. The expressed amino acid sequencing of ARDLIALDY, ARRPGSFDY, ARDIAGWGAVAGLLGRAYYGMDV, and ARDGPYGGNSVEYFQH were markedly different among 5 groups. Patients tended to recurrence expressed ASLDSSPSGFC, ARGMTTVTTAPNY, ARVPLYDDQNINDV and AGGVGGYDWGSYYFDY (P = 0.01605, 0.02869, and 0.01569), and prone to metastasis with expressions of ARVKEFYGILTGYDY, AHSIIGSSWYNWFDP and VRDGGWQSNNWLGFDV (P = 0.04259, 0.0450 and 0.0481). For all patients, 18 (7 negative, 11 positive) and 12 (10 negative, 2 positive) IGH V-J pairs were respectively associated with lymphoma recurrence and metastasis. The top 3 most significant pairs were IGHV7-4-1_IGHJ4, IGHV3-53_IGHJ5 and IGHV3-7_IGHJ5 bound up with recurrence (P = 0.0019, 0.0020 and 0.0021), and IGHV3-74_IGHJ1, IGHV1-69_IGHJ3 and IGHV1-2_IGHJ1 related to metastasis (P = 0.0022, 0.010 and 0.019). The accuracy of typing model in training and test sets was 78.125% (25/32) and 60% (6/10), respectively. The OS model can predict long (≥ 24 months) or short ( < 24 months) OS. Conclusions: Our study identified new biomarkers, constructed novel lymphoma typing model and OS predicted model based on B cell repertoire. It provides a comprehensive understanding of immune response, and contributes to the diagnosis and prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

scholarly journals Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm: A Rare Cause of Dyspnea

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Aiman Smer ◽  
Osama Elsallabi ◽  
Mohamed Ayan ◽  
Haitam Buaisha ◽  
Hamza Rayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Sinus Of Valsalva ◽  
Sinus Of Valsalva Aneurysm ◽  
Bentall Procedure ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Sinus Of Valsalva

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SOVA) is a rare clinical entity. Clinical manifestations can vary from an incidental finding on an imaging study to a life-threatening emergency. We report a case of a 51-year-old female with a large symptomatic left SOVA. Echocardiogram and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest revealed marked dilatation of the left sinus of Valsalva, measuring 7.5 cm. This resulted in superior displacement of the left main coronary artery. Surgical repair of the aneurysm with reimplantation of the right and left coronary arteries was performed in addition to aortic valve replacement (Bentall procedure). The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and remains asymptomatic at the three-month follow-up visit.

scholarly journals Beehive Products as Antibacterial Agents: A Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Rita Abou Nader ◽  
Rawan Mackieh ◽  
Rim Wehbe ◽  
Dany El El Obeid ◽  
Jean Marc Sabatier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening

Honeybees are one of the most marvelous and economically beneficial insects. As pollinators, they play a vital role in every aspect of the ecosystem. Beehive products have been used for thousands of years in many cultures for the treatment of various diseases. Their healing properties have been documented in many religious texts like the Noble Quran and the Holy Bible. Honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly all demonstrated a richness in their bioactive compounds which make them effective against a variety of bacterial strains. Furthermore, many studies showed that honey and bee venom work as powerful antibacterial agents against a wide range of bacteria including life-threatening bacteria. Several reports documented the biological activities of honeybee products but none of them emphasized on the antibacterial activity of all beehive products. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the antibacterial activity of honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly, that are produced by honeybees.

scholarly journals Advances and Perspectives in the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2266
Author(s):  
Marta Cuenca ◽  
Victor Peperzak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
B Cell Lymphomas ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Plasma Cell Dyscrasias

B-cell malignancies arise from different stages of B-cell differentiation and constitute a heterogeneous group of cancers including B-cell lymphomas, B-cell leukemias, and plasma cell dyscrasias [...]

scholarly journals Germinal Center Initiation, Variable Gene Region Hypermutation, and Mutant B Cell Selection without Detectable Immune Complexes on Follicular Dendritic Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 192 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn G. Hannum ◽  
Ann M. Haberman ◽  
Shannon M. Anderson ◽  
Mark J. Shlomchik
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Follicular Dendritic Cells ◽  
Follicular Dendritic

Serum antibody (Ab) can play several roles during B cell immune responses. Among these is to promote the deposition of immune complexes (ICs) on follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). ICs on FDCs are generally thought to be critical for normal germinal center (GC) formation and the development and selection of memory B cells. However, it has been very difficult to test these ideas. To determine directly whether FDC-bound complexes do indeed function in these roles, we have developed a transgenic (Tg) mouse in which all B lymphocytes produce only the membrane-bound form of immunoglobulin M. Immune Tg mice have 10,000-fold less specific Ab than wild-type mice and lack detectable ICs on FDCs. Nonetheless, primary immune responses and the GC reaction in these mice are robust, suggesting that ICs on FDCs do not play critical roles in immune response initiation and GC formation. Moreover, as indicated by the presence and pattern of somatic mutations, memory cell formation and selection appear normal in these IC-deficient GCs.

Accessibility of the promoter sequence in the J-chain gene is regulated by chromatin changes during B-cell differentiation

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4031-4038
Author(s):  
M E Minie ◽  
M E Koshland
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
J Chain ◽  
Lymphoid Lines ◽  
Nuclease Digestion

The gene for the immunoglobulin M (IgM)-polymerizing protein, the J chain, is activated when the mature B cell is triggered to secrete pentamer IgM. Activation of the gene was found to be associated with chromatin changes in a 240-base-pair region at the 5' end of the gene. Analyses of lymphoid lines showed that the 5' region was resistant to nuclease digestion at the immature B-cell stage; it became slightly more accessible in mature B cells and cells at an early stage in the IgM response and then displayed an open, hypersensitive structure in IgM-secreting cells. In addition, analyses of normal, mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes showed that the open hypersensitive structure was coinducible with J-chain gene expression. These results suggest that the 5' chromatin changes precede transcription, making control sequences within the site accessible to regulatory factors.

Look at the whole X-ray, not just the bones

2006 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
S. Warwick ◽  
J. E. Smith ◽  
I. Higginson
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Life Threatening

AbstractA case is presented where an incidental finding on a trauma radiograph led to early diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening tumour, highlighting the need to be vigilant when interpreting X-rays.

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