scholarly journals Molecular and Immune Biomarkers for Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Status and Future Prospects

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pilla ◽  
Andrea Alberti ◽  
Pierluigi Di Mauro ◽  
Maria Gemelli ◽  
Viola Cogliati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Immunological Assays ◽  
The Relationship

Advances in the genomic, molecular and immunological make-up of melanoma allowed the development of novel targeted therapy and of immunotherapy, leading to changes in the paradigm of therapeutic interventions and improvement of patients’ overall survival. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating either the responsiveness or the resistance of melanoma patients to therapies are still mostly unknown. The development of either the combinations or of the sequential treatment of different agents has been investigated but without a strongly molecularly motivated rationale. The need for robust biomarkers to predict patients’ responsiveness to defined therapies and for their stratification is still unmet. Progress in immunological assays and genomic techniques as long as improvement in designing and performing studies monitoring the expression of these markers along with the evolution of the disease allowed to identify candidate biomarkers. However, none of them achieved a definitive role in predicting patients’ clinical outcomes. Along this line, the cross-talk of melanoma cells with tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the evolution of the disease and needs to be considered in light of the role of predictive biomarkers. The overview of the relationship between the molecular basis of melanoma and targeted therapies is provided in this review, highlighting the benefit for clinical responses and the limitations. Moreover, the role of different candidate biomarkers is described together with the technical approaches for their identification. The provided evidence shows that progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular basis of melanoma and in designing advanced therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, the molecular determinants of melanoma and their role as biomarkers predicting patients’ responsiveness to therapies warrant further investigation with the vision of developing more effective precision medicine.

scholarly journals Connectivism in the Network Society. The Coming of Social Capital Knowledge

2018 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Díaz Martínez ◽  
Teodoro Hernández de Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

Connectivism is a hypothesis of learning which emphasizes the role of the social and cultural context. The relationship among work experience, learning and knowledge, as expressed in the concept of connectivity, is central to connectivism, motivating the name of the theory. According to the current status of online social network approaches, the interconnected computers increase the human intellect, because the network increases the cognitive capacity of individuals. The change in the role of knowledge that is taking place in society has to do with the relationship between technology and society. A collaborative group of knowledge building in the network is emerging as a result of the technological trends and culture. This article discusses the arrival of Virtual Communities of Building Knowledge (VCBK) as a phenomenon that appears spontaneously online. Traditional theories of learning and construction of knowledge have not taken into account the revolution that has occurred in recent decades due to the emergence of ICT. The connectivism refers to the knowledge in the network that arises from the interaction within a group of knowledge construction. In this paper, we consider some cases of VCBK: GNU/Linux, Wikipedia and MOOC. In VCBK, knowledge is created by the group. The sense or meaning created is the result of the group’s dialogue.

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: The Relationship of HIV Infection with Physical and Social Comorbidities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Tedaldi ◽  
Nancy L. Minniti ◽  
Tracy Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The prevalence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) will undoubtedly increase with the improved longevity of HIV-infected persons. HIV infection, itself, as well as multiple physiologic and psychosocial factors can contribute to cognitive impairment and neurologic complications. These comorbidities confound the diagnosis, assessment, and interventions for neurocognitive disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of several key comorbid factors that may contribute significantly to the development and progression of HIV-related neurocognitive impairment, as well as the current status of diagnostic strategies aimed at identifying HIV-infected individuals with impaired cognition and future research priorities and challenges.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Cancer Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Araji ◽  
Julian Maamari ◽  
Fatima Ali Ahmad ◽  
Rana Zareef ◽  
Patrick Chaftari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the care of cancer patients. However, the response to ICI therapy exhibits substantial interindividual variability. Efforts have been directed to identify biomarkers that predict the clinical response to ICIs. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a critical player that influences the efficacy of immunotherapy. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the baseline composition of a patient's gut microbiota and its dysbiosis are correlated with the outcome of cancer immunotherapy. This review tackles the rapidly growing body of evidence evaluating the relationship between the gut microbiome and the response to ICI therapy. Additionally, this review highlights the impact of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis on ICI efficacy and discusses the possible therapeutic interventions to optimize the gut microbiota composition to augment immunotherapy efficacy.

scholarly journals Pathobiology of papillomavirus-related cervical diseases: prospects for immunodiagnosis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
C P Crum ◽  
S Barber ◽  
J K Roche
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Molecular Immunology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Cervical Diseases ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, the relationship between human papillomaviruses (HPV) and genital neoplasia has been explored intensively, and a molecular basis for the role of HPV in the genesis of these diseases has been convincingly demonstrated. These findings have provided justification for efforts to apply this molecular information to the early detection and possible prevention of HPV-related neoplasia. The technology of detecting viral nucleic acids in genital fluids brought with it initial hopes that it would serve to identify women at risk for having or developing precancers or cancers of the cervix. Subsequent studies, however, have demonstrated limitations of the technology for predicting future disease. Recently, molecular immunology has complemented these prior efforts, with the intent to identify serological indices of exposure to HPV and perhaps delineate individuals at risk. The molecular basis for this approach, its limitations, and future prospects for immunodiagnosis are the subject of this review.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTIMACY, BELONGING, SELF-ESTEEM INTHE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANXIOUS, AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT AND FORGIVENESS AMONG MARRIED IRANIAN WOMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 74-92
Author(s):  
Farahmand Elaheh ◽  
Mariani MD Nor ◽  
Ghanbari Baghestan Abbas ◽  
Mahmoud Danaee
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on examining the mediating effect of intimacy, belonging, self-esteem on the relationships between anxious, avoidant attachment and forgiveness among Iranian married women. Data were collected from 435 women and the Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) method was applied to analyse the data. The results revealed that the impacts of anxious and avoidant attachment on forgiveness were meaningful. Also, empirical evidence was found for the mediating role of intimacy, belonging, and self-esteem on the relationship between avoidant attachment and forgiveness and also belonging and self-esteem on the relationship between anxious attachment and forgiveness. Results of this study suggest that the most accurate model of the relationship between attachment, intimacy, belonging, self-esteem, and forgiveness involves evaluating direct indirect effects. Marriage counselors and therapists can use these results to gain a deeper understanding of the foundations of marital life in Iran in terms of psychoeducational and therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Effects of Self-Concept on Narcissism: Mediational Role of Perceived Parenting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Farzand ◽  
Yağmur Çerkez ◽  
Engin Baysen
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
English Language ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Increase in narcissism has been a growing concern over the years. Narcissists bring lot of negative consequences to themselves and to people around them. The present study aimed at exploring effects of perceived parenting and self-concept in the development of narcissistic traits and how adults view themselves and recollect parenting effects throughout their lives in order to guide the interventions accordingly. Method: A sample of 628 adults were taken from North Cyprus and Turkey who can comprehend and write English language. Information demographic form, Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) for perceived parenting, Six Factor Self Concept Scale (SFSCS) for self-concept and Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) for narcissism were administered for the purpose of data collection. Results: Several constituents of perceived parenting and self-concept interconnect in order to exhibit the distinctive narcissistic traits of an individual. The results of the present showed that perceived parenting specifically perceived parental involvement as well as positive parenting mediate the relationship between self-concept and narcissism among adults. The higher the involvement, the more inflated self-concept was found leading to the development of narcissistic traits. Perceived parenting received from fathers also was found to statistically significant contribution to the development of inflated self-concept and narcissism. Conclusion: It provides the basis for the therapeutic interventions to be focusing on the self-concept of narcissistic individuals along with parenting experiences. The study findings also have challenged the notion of only mothers to be responsible for narcissistic traits among their children.

Cardioprotective Properties of HDL: Structural and Functional Considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (18) ◽  
pp. 2964-2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Pappa ◽  
Moses S. Elisaf ◽  
Christina Kostara ◽  
Eleni Bairaktari ◽  
Vasilis K. Tsimihodimos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Mr Studies ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Hdl Functionality ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
The Relationship

Background: As Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies showed no effect of variants altering HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels concerning Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL-C resulted to futility, the usefulness of HDL-C is unclear. Objective: As the role of HDL-C is currently doubtful, it is suggested that the atheroprotective functions of HDLs can be attributed to the number of HDL particles, and their characteristics including their lipid and protein components. Scientific interest has focused on HDL function and on the causes of rendering HDL particles dysfunctional, whereas the relevance of HDL subclasses with CVD remains controversial. Methods: The present review discusses changes in quality as much as in quantity of HDL in pathological conditions and the connection between HDL particle concentration and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Emphasis is given to the recently available data concerning the cholesterol efflux capacity and the parameters that determine HDL functionality, as well as to recent investigations concerning the associations of HDL subclasses with cardiovascular mortality. Results: MR studies or pharmacological interventions targeting HDL-C are not in favor of the hypothesis of HDL-C levels and the relationship with CVD. The search of biomarkers that relate with HDL functionality is needed. Similarly, HDL particle size and number exhibit controversial data in the context of CVD and further studies are needed. Conclusion: There is no room for the old concept of HDL as a silver bullet,as HDL-C cannot be considered a robust marker and does not reflect the importance of HDL particle size and number. Elucidation of the complex HDL system, as well as the finding of biomarkers, will allow the development of any HDL-targeted therapy.

Prestin as an Otologic Biomarker of Cisplatin Ototoxicity in a Guinea Pig Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Naples ◽  
Robert Cox ◽  
Gregory Bonaiuto ◽  
Kourosh Parham
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Experimental Animal Study ◽  
Guinea Pig Model ◽  
The Relationship

Objective To evaluate (1) whether changes in serum prestin aid in early detection of cisplatin ototoxicity, (2) the role of diltiazem as an otoprotectant, and (3) whether prestin levels are sensitive to effects of diltiazem. Study Design Experimental animal study. Setting Translational research laboratory. Subjects Twenty female guinea pigs. Methods Two groups of 10 guinea pigs were used. The relationship between serum prestin levels and auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds was compared between the groups. All animals had baseline blood draws and ABR thresholds recorded prior to cisplatin administration. Intraperitoneal cisplatin bolus (8 mg/kg) was administered followed by 5 consecutive days of intratympanic (IT) diltiazem (2 mg/kg) or sham IT-saline injection. Serum prestin levels and ABR thresholds were measured at days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 postcisplatin. Results In sham, IT-saline–treated animals, mean prestin levels were elevated above baseline on days 1 to 7. The prestin levels were significantly elevated from baseline on day 1 ( P < .001), while significant ABR threshold elevations did not occur until day 2 ( P = .028) for click-evoked ABRs and day 3 ( P = .041) for tones. In diltiazem-treated animals, prestin levels were not elevated above baseline but ABR thresholds were elevated on days 1 to 3. However, the thresholds returned toward baseline on days 7 and 14. Conclusion Changes in serum prestin levels were detectable prior to shifts in ABR thresholds in a guinea pig cisplatin ototoxicity model. These changes did not occur in diltiazem-treated animals. Prestin may serve as a biomarker of cochlear injury that is sensitive to therapeutic interventions in cisplatin ototoxicity.

scholarly journals Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Equilibrium, Proliferative and Antiproliferative Balance: The Role of Cytokines in Multiple Myeloma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Musolino ◽  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Vanessa Innao ◽  
Andrea Gaetano Allegra ◽  
Giovanni Pioggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple myeloma (MM) is typically exemplified by a desynchronized cytokine system with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. We focused on the contrast between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory systems by assessing the role of cytokines and their influence on MM. The aim of this review is to summarize the available information to date concerning this equilibrium to provide an overview of the research exploring the roles of serum cytokines in MM. However, the association between MM and inflammatory cytokines appears to be inadequate, and other functions, such as pro-proliferative or antiproliferative effects, can assume the role of cytokines in the genesis and progression of MM. It is possible that inflammation, when guided by cancer-specific Th1 cells, may inhibit tumour onset and progression. In a Th1 microenvironment, proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and IL-1) may contribute to tumour eradication by attracting leucocytes from the circulation and by increasing CD4+T cell activity. Hence, caution should be used when considering therapies that target factors with pro- or anti-inflammatory activity. Drugs that may reduce the tumour-suppressive Th1-driven inflammatory immune response should be avoided. A better understanding of the relationship between inflammation and myeloma will ensure more effective therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals A Panel Data Analysis of Relationship between Migration and Inequality

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Raju John
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, the relationship between migration and inequality in India is analyzed on the basis of an understanding of the role of migration in creating inequalities in the economy and society of the state of Kerala. The Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, conducts periodic Kerala Migration Surveys (KMSs) to monitor the current status of emigration from and return emigration to the state of Kerala. This data set is used to discover the dynamics of migration–inequality relationship in the state. The results of the study suggest that migration causes inequalities in mobility between migrant and non-migrant households and between different types of migrant households.

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