scholarly journals Prediction of Tumor Cellularity in Resectable PDAC from Preoperative Computed Tomography Imaging

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2069
Author(s):  
Friederike Jungmann ◽  
Georgios A. Kaissis ◽  
Sebastian Ziegelmayer ◽  
Felix Harder ◽  
Clara Schilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapy Response ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Resection Specimen ◽  
Tumor Entity ◽  
Iodine Map ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Work Up ◽  
The Relationship

Background: PDAC remains a tumor entity with poor prognosis and a 5-year survival rate below 10%. Recent research has revealed invasive biomarkers, such as distinct molecular subtypes, predictive for therapy response and patient survival. Non-invasive prediction of individual patient outcome however remains an unresolved task. Methods: Discrete cellularity regions of PDAC resection specimen (n = 43) were analyzed by routine histopathological work up. Regional tumor cellularity and CT-derived Hounsfield Units (HU, n = 66) as well as iodine concentrations were regionally matched. One-way ANOVA and pairwise t-tests were performed to assess the relationship between different cellularity level in conventional, virtual monoenergetic 40 keV (monoE 40 keV) and iodine map reconstructions. Results: A statistically significant negative correlation between regional tumor cellularity in histopathology and CT-derived HU from corresponding image regions was identified. Radiological differentiation was best possible in monoE 40 keV CT images. However, HU values differed significantly in conventional reconstructions as well, indicating the possibility of a broad clinical application of this finding. Conclusion: In this study we establish a novel method for CT-based prediction of tumor cellularity for in-vivo tumor characterization in PDAC patients.

Non-Invasive Molecular Imaging of Shear Stress-Induced Endothelial Activation and Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Van der Heiden ◽  
H. C. Groen ◽  
P. C. Evans ◽  
L. Speelman ◽  
F. Gijsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Oscillatory Shear ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Oscillatory Shear Stress ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion Development

Atherosclerosis is a lipid- and inflammation driven disease of the larger arteries and is found at specific locations in the arterial tree, i.e. at branches and bends where endothelial cells are exposed to low and low, oscillatory shear stress. Shear stress, the frictional force acting on the endothelial cells as a result of the blood flow, affects endothelial physiology. It determines the location of atherosclerotic lesion development as low and low, oscillatory shear stress induce pro-inflammatory transcription factors but reduce expression and/or activity of anti-inflammatory transcription factors in endothelial cells, rendering the vascular wall vulnerable for inflammation. Consequently, in the presence of atherosclerotic risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, atherosclerotic lesion development can occur. Although the relationship between low and low, oscillatory shear stress and the prevalence of atherosclerosis has been recognized for several decades, insight into the mechanisms underlying this relationship is still incomplete. The correlation between shear stress and endothelial inflammation was demonstrated by in vitro experiments, in which cultured endothelial cells were exposed to specific flow profiles, and confirmed in vivo by gene expression pattern studies at atherosclerosis-susceptible sites. However, the relationship was not substantiated by direct causal in vivo evidence. Therefore, we developed a method to change the local shear stress field in mice in vivo and studied its effect on the endothelial molecular pathways and resulting atherosclerotic plaque formation. Moreover it allowed us to develop non-invasive molecular imaging strategies to detect vulnerable plaques.

Non-Invasive Measurement of In-Vivo Elasticity of Skeletal Muscles with MR-Elastography

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 901-904
Author(s):  
Yu Bong Kang ◽  
T. Oida ◽  
Duk Young Jung ◽  
A. Fukuma ◽  
T. Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Viscosity Coefficient ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Human Calf ◽  
Invasive Measurement

In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of the human skeletal muscles, the elasticity and viscosity of the human calf muscles were measured with Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE). MRE is a novel method to measure the mechanical properties of living soft tissues in vivo quantitatively by observing the strain waves propagated in the object. In this study, the shear modulus and viscosity coefficient were measured with MRE. The shear modulus was 3.7 kPa in relaxed state, and increased with increasing the muscle forces. Interestingly, the viscosity was changed with the vibration frequency applied to the muscles, that was 4.5 Pa·s at 100Hz vibration and 2.4 Pa·s at 200Hz vibration. This shows clearly the visco-elastic property.

First in vivo application and evaluation of a novel method for non-invasive estimation of cardiac output

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1352-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore G. Papaioannou ◽  
Dimitrios Soulis ◽  
Orestis Vardoulis ◽  
Athanase Protogerou ◽  
Petros P. Sfikakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Method

scholarly journals Real-time cancer diagnosis of breast cancer using fluorescence lifetime endoscopy based on the pH

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jooran Lee ◽  
Byungyeon Kim ◽  
Byungjun Park ◽  
Youngjae Won ◽  
Sang-Yeob Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA biopsy is often performed for the diagnosis of cancer during a surgical operation. In addition, pathological biopsy is required to discriminate the margin between cancer tissues and normal tissues in surgical specimens. In this study, we presented a novel method for discriminating between tumor and normal tissues using fluorescence lifetime endoscopy (FLE). We demonstrated the relationship between the fluorescence lifetime and pH in fluorescein using the proposed fluorescence lifetime measurement system. We also showed that cancer could be diagnosed based on this relationship by assessing differences in pH based fluorescence lifetime between cancer and normal tissues using two different types of tumor such as breast tumors (MDA-MB-361) and skin tumors (A375), where cancer tissues have ranged in pH from 4.5 to 7.0 and normal tissues have ranged in pH from 7.0 to 7.4. To support this approach, we performed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining test of normal and cancer tissues within a certain area. From these results, we showed the ability to diagnose a cancer using FLE technique, which were consistent with the diagnosis of a cancer with H&E staining test. In summary, the proposed pH-based FLE technique could provide a real time, in vivo, and in-situ clinical diagnostic method for the cancer surgical and could be presented as an alternative to biopsy procedures.

129 THE RELATIONSHIP OF BODY CONDITION SCORE AT TIME OF AI AND SUBSEQUENT GENDER RATIO OF OFFSPRING

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
M. M. McFarlane ◽  
B. J. McFarlane ◽  
J. R. Pursley
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
The Relationship

The chance of a female calf being born is less than that of a male calf from lactating dairy cows (M:F ratio from two large data sets was 54:46; Ryan and Boland 1991 Theriogenology 36, 1-10, and Berry et al. 1995 J. Anim. Sci. 78, 76 abst). Data from this study were analyzed to determine if there was a relationship in body condition of the dam at time of artificial insemination and subsequent gender ratio of offspring from lactating Holstein dairy cows. Lactating dairy cows from n = 3 farms were timed-AI at approximately 8 h before or 16 h after a GnRH induced LH surge and were body condition scored (BCS; 1 to 5, with 1 representing least amount of condition) at time of AI. Previous data from our laboratory indicated that cows in the -8 and +16 h groups received AI approximately 36 and 12 h prior to ovulation, respectively, and the longer sperm incubated in vivo the greater the subsequent percentage of female calves were born. In the study, the aforementioned data were analyzed in SPSS for the relationship between gender ratio and BCS from n = 333 cows that carried calves to term utilizing correlation analysis, and for pregnancy losses in cows (n = 1501) that received AI and had been evaluated for BCS utilizing binary logistic regression analysis. Cows were classed into 3 body condition groups at time of AI: <2.5 (low), 2.5 to 3.5 (medium), and >3.5 (high) for analysis. There was a significant negative correlation in BCS with M:F gender ratio (P < 0.05). Cows with low, medium, or high BCS had 40:60 (n = 82), 52:48 (n = 141), and 56:44 (n = 110) M:F ratio, respectively. The AI approximately 36 h prior to ovulation tended (P = 0.10) to attenuate M:F ratio in the high BCS group. Cows in the high BCS group that received AI approximately 36 h prior to ovulation had 46:54 compared with 62:38 M:F ratio in cows receiving AI approximately 12 h prior to ovulation. Pregnancy loss between 28 and 56 d post-AI was not different (P > 0.10) between the three BCS groups suggesting that differences in gender ratio were not the result of sex-specific losses. In summary, BCS at time of AI altered subsequent gender ratio of offspring and was attenuated in the high BCS group by time of AI relative to ovulation. We speculate that differences in gender ratio in cows with different BCS may be due to alterations in the uterine and/or oviductal environment that in turn alters the ratio of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm at time of fertilization.

scholarly journals Expression and methylation status of LAMA2 are associated with the invasiveness of nonfunctioning PitNET

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204201881882129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruo-Qiang Wang ◽  
Yu-Long Lan ◽  
Jia-Cheng Lou ◽  
Yi-Zhu Lyu ◽  
Yu-Chao Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

The laminin subunit alpha 2 (LAMA2) gene encodes an alpha 2 chain, which constitutes one of the subunits of laminin 2 (merosin) and laminin 4 (s-merosin). In the current study, we investigated the relationship between LAMA2 promoter methylation status and the invasiveness of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (PitNETs). Specimens from patients with nonfunctioning PitNET were classified into three groups according to preoperative computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging findings: a normal group ( n = 6), non-invasive group ( n = 11) and invasive group ( n = 6). LAMA2 expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting, and the methylation status of the LAMA2 promoter region was observed using sodium bisulfite sequencing. Furthermore, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine was used to explore the relationship between decreased LAMA expression and methylation in PitNET cells. According to the RT-qPCR and western blotting results, LAMA2 expression was downregulated in invasive PitNET, while the methylation of the LAMA2 promoter was increased. Methylation of the LAMA2 promoter decreased the expression of LAMA2. Thus, changes in LAMA2 expression due to promoter methylation were inversely correlated with the invasiveness of PitNET and the protein functions as a tumor suppressor. In addition, overexpression and demethylation of LAMA2 suppressed the invasion of PitNET cells, partially by exerting effects on the PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Furthermore, a xenograft model was also generated, and LAMA2 overexpression significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Thus, LAMA2 expression and methylation patterns might be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of patients with PitNET.

Cartilage Deformation Measured by MRI Image Segmentation Validates MRI-Based Modeling Results

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Fischer ◽  
Alexander J. Waller ◽  
Mehmet Bilgen ◽  
E. Bruce Toby ◽  
Manuela Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Healthy Cartilage ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Normal Contact Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

The onset of arthritis is clearly associated with abnormal joint kinematics and contact pressures [1]. Yet our understanding of in vivo joint mechanics is still limited. In order to elucidate the relationship between joint mechanics and arthritis we must increase our knowledge of normal contact pressure distributions that help maintain healthy cartilage and abnormal contact pressure distributions that lead to arthritis. MRI-based modeling is a non-invasive means of determining joint mechanics in vivo, by combining information from MRI scans of joints with and without active functional loading.

In vivo monitoring of lactate and glucose with microdialysis and enzyme reactors in intensive care medicine

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Boer ◽  
J. Korf ◽  
H. Plijter-Groendijk
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Enzyme Reactors ◽  
Diffusion Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

Methods for the monitoring of glucose and lactate in intensive care units (ICU) based on microdialysis and continuous flow enzyme reactions plus some in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the probes used and the detection systems are described. Two microdialysis techniques were developed for clinical use: in sepsis patients a subcutaneous device for lactate monitoring was placed and in prematurely born infants a transcutaneous device was used for nearly non-invasive sampling of glucose from the skin. There was a relatively strong relationship between transcutaneously sampled and blood glucose in the neonates, on the other hand the relationship between subcutaneously sampled and blood lactate was highly significant but relatively weak. These results and our preliminary results obtained with transcutaneous ethanol monitoring (not presented here) show that in vivo possibilities of our techniques depend on the location of the sampling/detection devices and the chemical nature of the analyte, because these properties determine diffusion characteristics in vivo. The present approach may be an alternative to the use of the more integrated biosensor technology in vivo, since it avoids major problems related to biocompatibility.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

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