scholarly journals Plasma-Catalytic Process of Hydrogen Production from Mixture of Methanol and Water

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ulejczyk ◽  
Łukasz Nogal ◽  
Paweł Jóźwik ◽  
Michał Młotek ◽  
Krzysztof Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Methanol Conversion ◽  
Discharge Power ◽  
Catalytic Process ◽  
Metallic Nickel ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Catalytic Reactors ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

In the present work the process of hydrogen production was conducted in the plasma-catalytic reactor, the substrates were first treated with plasma and then introduced into the catalyst bed. Plasma was produced by a spark discharge. The discharge power ranged from 15 to 46 W. The catalyst was metallic nickel supported on Al2O3. The catalyst was active from a temperature of 400 °C. The substrate flow rate was 1 mol/h of water and 1 mol/h of methanol. The process generated H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. The gas which formed the greatest amount was H2. Its concentration in the gas was ~60%. The conversion of methanol and the production of hydrogen in the plasma-catalytic reactor were higher than in the plasma and catalytic reactors. The synergy effect of the interaction of two environments, i.e., plasma and the catalyst, was observed. The highest hydrogen production was 1.38 mol/h and the highest methanol conversion was 64%. The increased in the discharge power resulted in increasing methanol conversion and hydrogen production.

Characterization of a Polymeric Membrane for the Separation of Hydrogen in a Mixture with CO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionisio H. Malagón-Romero ◽  
Alexander Ladino ◽  
Nataly Ortiz ◽  
Liliana P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Hydrogen is expected to play an important role as a clean, reliable and renewable energy source. A key challenge is the production of hydrogen in an economically and environmentally sustainable way on an industrial scale. One promising method of hydrogen production is via biological processes using agricultural resources, where the hydrogen is found to be mixed with other gases, such as carbon dioxide. Thus, to separate hydrogen from the mixture, it is challenging to implement and evaluate a simple, low cost, reliable and efficient separation process. So, the aim of this work was to develop a polymeric membrane for hydrogen separation. The developed membranes were made of polysulfone via phase inversion by a controlled evaporation method with 5 wt % and 10 wt % of polysulfone resulting in thicknesses of 132 and 239 micrometers, respectively. Membrane characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ASTM D882 tensile test. Performance was characterized using a 23 factorial experiment using the time lag method, comparing the results with those from gas chromatography (GC). As a result, developed membranes exhibited dense microstructures, low values of RMS roughness, and glass transition temperatures of approximately 191.75 °C and 190.43 °C for the 5 wt % and 10 wt % membranes, respectively. Performance results for the given membranes showed a hydrogen selectivity of 8.20 for an evaluated gas mixture 54% hydrogen and 46% carbon dioxide. According to selectivity achieved, H2 separation from carbon dioxide is feasible with possibilities of scalability. These results are important for consolidating hydrogen production from biological processes.

scholarly journals Hydrogen production from water electrolysis: role of catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Aolin Lu ◽  
Chuan-Jian Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

AbstractAs a promising substitute for fossil fuels, hydrogen has emerged as a clean and renewable energy. A key challenge is the efficient production of hydrogen to meet the commercial-scale demand of hydrogen. Water splitting electrolysis is a promising pathway to achieve the efficient hydrogen production in terms of energy conversion and storage in which catalysis or electrocatalysis plays a critical role. The development of active, stable, and low-cost catalysts or electrocatalysts is an essential prerequisite for achieving the desired electrocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting for practical use, which constitutes the central focus of this review. It will start with an introduction of the water splitting performance evaluation of various electrocatalysts in terms of activity, stability, and efficiency. This will be followed by outlining current knowledge on the two half-cell reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in terms of reaction mechanisms in alkaline and acidic media. Recent advances in the design and preparation of nanostructured noble-metal and non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts will be discussed. New strategies and insights in exploring the synergistic structure, morphology, composition, and active sites of the nanostructured electrocatalysts for increasing the electrocatalytic activity and stability in HER and OER will be highlighted. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in the design of active and robust electrocatalysts for HER and OER towards efficient production of hydrogen from water splitting electrolysis will also be outlined.

scholarly journals A Process for Hydrogen Production from the Catalytic Decomposition of Formic Acid over Iridium—Palladium Nanoparticles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3258
Author(s):  
Hamed M. Alshammari ◽  
Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi ◽  
Obaid F. Aldosari ◽  
Abdulellah S. Alsolami ◽  
Nuha A. Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Palladium Nanoparticles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Conversion Yield ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Commercial Applications

The present study investigates a process for the selective production of hydrogen from the catalytic decomposition of formic acid in the presence of iridium and iridium–palladium nanoparticles under various conditions. It was found that a loading of 1 wt.% of 2% palladium in the presence of 1% iridium over activated charcoal led to a 43% conversion of formic acid to hydrogen at room temperature after 4 h. Increasing the temperature to 60 °C led to further decomposition and an improvement in conversion yield to 63%. Dilution of formic acid from 0.5 to 0.2 M improved the decomposition, reaching conversion to 81%. The reported process could potentially be used in commercial applications.

scholarly journals Iridium Complex Catalyzed Hydrogen Production from Glucose and Various Monosaccharides

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Fujita ◽  
Takayoshi Inoue ◽  
Toshiki Tanaka ◽  
Jaeyoung Jeong ◽  
Shohichi Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Iridium Complex ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Bipyridine Ligand

A new catalytic system has been developed for hydrogen production from various monosaccharides, mainly glucose, as a starting material under reflux conditions in water in the presence of a water-soluble dicationic iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridine ligand. For example, the reaction of D-glucose in water under reflux for 20 h in the presence of [Cp*Ir(6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine)(H2O)][OTf]2 (1.0 mol %) (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, OTf: trifluoromethanesulfonate) resulted in the production of hydrogen gas in 95% yield. In the present catalytic reaction, it was experimentally suggested that dehydrogenation of the alcoholic moiety at 1-position of glucose proceeded.

scholarly journals Enhanced hydrogen production of Rhodobacter sphaeroides promoted by extracellular H+ of Halobacterium salinarum

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Yu Ye ◽  
Yue Pan ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Yi-Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Rhodobacter Sphaeroides ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Purple Membrane ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydrogen Production Rate ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose This study utilized the principle that the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) produced by Halobacterium salinarum could increase the hydrogen production of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. H. salinarum are co-cultured with R. sphaeroides to determine the impact of purple membrane fragments (PM) on R. sphaeroides and improve its hydrogen production capacity. Methods In this study, low-salinity in 14 % NaCl domesticates H salinarum. Then, 0–160 nmol of different concentration gradient groups of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and R. sphaeroides was co-cultivated, and the hydrogen production and pH are measured; then, R. sphaeroides and immobilized BR of different concentrations are used to produce hydrogen to detect the amount of hydrogen. Two-chamber microbial hydrogen production system with proton exchange membrane-assisted proton flow was established, and the system was operated. As additional electricity added under 0.3 V, the hydrogen production rate increased with voltages in the coupled system. Results H salinarum can still grow well after low salt in 14% NaCl domestication. When the BR concentration is 80 nmol, the highest hydrogen production reached 217 mL per hour. Both immobilized PC (packed cells) and immobilized PM (purple membrane) of H. salinarum could promote hydrogen production of R. sphaeroides to some extent. The highest production of hydrogen was obtained by the coupled system with 40 nmol BR of immobilized PC, which increased from 127 to 232 mL, and the maximum H2 production rate was 18.2 mL−1 h−1 L culture. In the 192 h experiment time, when the potential is 0.3 V, the hydrogen production amount can reach 920 mL, which is 50.3% higher than the control group. Conclusions The stability of the system greatly improved after PC was immobilized, and the time for hydrogen production of R. sphaeroides significantly extended on same condition. As additional electricity added under 0.3 V, the hydrogen production rate increased with voltages in the coupled system. These results are helpful to build a hydrogen production-coupled system by nitrogenase of R. sphaeroides and proton pump of H. salinarum. Graphical abstract

Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactor for Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid and Its Use in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 6635-6643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Yuranov ◽  
Nordahl Autissier ◽  
Katerina Sordakis ◽  
Andrew F. Dalebrook ◽  
Martin Grasemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic

Bio-electrochemical production of hydrogen and electricity from organic waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia De Gioannis ◽  
Alessandro Dell'Era ◽  
Aldo Muntoni ◽  
Mauro Pasquali ◽  
Alessandra Polettini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Galvanic Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Acid Metabolites

Abstract This study investigated the performance of a novel integrated bio-electrochemical system for synergistic hydrogen production from a process combining a dark fermentation reactor and a galvanic cell. The operating principle of the system is based on the electrochemical conversion of protons released upon dissociation of the acid metabolites of the biological process and is mediated by the electron flow from the galvanic cell, coupling biochemical and electrochemical hydrogen production. Accordingly, the galvanic compartment also generates electricity. Four different experimental setups were designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the integrated bio-electrochemical process and identify the optimal configuration for further tests. Subsequently, dark fermentation of cheese whey was implemented both in a stand-alone biochemical reactor and in the integrated bio-electrochemical process. The integrated system achieved a hydrogen yield in the range 75.5 – 78.8 N LH2/kg TOC, showing a 3 times improvement over the biochemical process.

scholarly journals Re-routing photosynthetic energy for continuous hydrogen production in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Ben-Zvi ◽  
Eyal Dafni ◽  
Yael Feldman ◽  
Iftach Yacoby
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase

Abstract Background Hydrogen is considered a promising energy vector that can be produced from sustainable resources such as sunlight and water. In green algae, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, photoproduction of hydrogen is catalyzed by the enzyme [FeFe]-hydrogenase (HydA). Although highly efficient, this process is transitory and thought to serve as a release valve for excess reducing power. Up to date, prolonged production of hydrogen was achieved by the deprivation of either nutrients or light, thus, hindering the full potential of photosynthetic hydrogen production. Previously we showed that the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) can enhance HydA activity in vitro, specifically when tied together to a fusion protein. Results In this work, we explored the in vivo hydrogen production phenotype of HydA–SOD fusion. We found a sustained hydrogen production, which is dependent on linear electron flow, although other pathways feed it as well. In addition, other characteristics such as slower growth and oxygen production were also observed in Hyd–SOD-expressing algae. Conclusions The Hyd–SOD fusion manages to outcompete the Calvin–Benson cycle, allowing sustained hydrogen production for up to 14 days in non-limiting conditions.

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