scholarly journals Isotope Labelling for Reaction Mechanism Analysis in DBD Plasma Processes

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Navascués ◽  
Jose M. Obrero-Pérez ◽  
José Cotrino ◽  
Agustín R. González-Elipe ◽  
Ana Gómez-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Plasma Catalysis ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Isotope Labelling ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Selectivity Control

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas and plasma catalysis are becoming an alternative procedure to activate various gas phase reactions. A low-temperature and normal operating pressure are the main advantages of these processes, but a limited energy efficiency and little selectivity control hinder their practical implementation. In this work, we propose the use of isotope labelling to retrieve information about the intermediate reactions that may intervene during the DBD processes contributing to a decrease in their energy efficiency. The results are shown for the wet reforming reaction of methane, using D2O instead of H2O as reactant, and for the ammonia synthesis, using NH3/D2/N2 mixtures. In the two cases, it was found that a significant amount of outlet gas molecules, either reactants or products, have deuterium in their structure (e.g., HD for hydrogen, CDxHy for methane, or NDxHy for ammonia). From the analysis of the evolution of the labelled molecules as a function of power, useful information has been obtained about the exchange events of H by D atoms (or vice versa) between the plasma intermediate species. An evaluation of the number of these events revealed a significant progression with the plasma power, a tendency that is recognized to be detrimental for the energy efficiency of reactant to product transformation. The labelling technique is proposed as a useful approach for the analysis of plasma reaction mechanisms.

scholarly journals Plasma catalysis: A solution for environmental problems

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Plasma Catalysis ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Waste Gas Streams ◽  
Air Streams ◽  
By Products

The combination of a nonthermal, atmospheric plasma with a catalyst is investigated as a means of destroying pollutants in waste gas streams. Using the examples of dichloromethane (DCM) and toluene in air streams, it is shown that the destruction of the pollutant can be increased whilst lowering the operating temperature, giving increasing energy efficiency. Unwanted by-products can also be reduced selectively by appropriate choice of catalyst and of the plasma–catalyst configuration. By studying the temperature dependence of plasma catalysis, some ideas can be obtained about the nature of the interaction between plasma and catalyst in the processing.

Study on Structural Integrity Analysis of Tubular Reactor With Corrosion Pits in LDPE Plant

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Zhao ◽  
Chunsheng Miao ◽  
Jiang Chen ◽  
Xinchun Guan
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Tubular Reactors ◽  
Corrosion Pits

Ultrahigh pressure polyethylene tubular reactors were widely used in Petrochemical Industry. Because of corrosion, fatigue crack and other defects easily caused by a high operating pressure and complicated operating conditions for tubular reactor, their safety was a concerned issue in the engineering field. This paper conducted genetic mechanism analysis on ultrahigh pressure polyethylene tubular reactors with corrosion pits in LDPE plant. The ultimate bearing capacity analysis was carried out for tubular reactor with pits by three-dimensional finite element method. The effects of depth, length and width of pits on structural bearing capacity were discussed. The results indicated that the critical pit depth of tubular reactor was 8mm.

scholarly journals National economy energy efficiency conceptual principles

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Svitlana Onyshchenko ◽  
Alina Hlushko ◽  
Oleksandra Maslii
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Level Analysis

The article addresses the problem of increasing the national economy energy efficiency level. Analysis of the regulatory framework for the implementation of state policy towards ensuring energy efficiency of the Ukrainian economy is carried out. A dynamic analysis of a number of indicators for the state economic development in the context of determining the state and potential of energy efficiency of the national economy is characterized. A low degree of practical implementation of state measures on energy conservation and energy efficiency is noted. The main factors of restraining the national economy energy efficiency development are identified and a number of measures to increase its level are suggested.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Experimental Studies of a Digital Flow Booster Operating at High Pressures and Flow Rates

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenggang Yuan ◽  
Vinrea Lim Mao Lung ◽  
Andrew Plummer ◽  
Min Pan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Fluid Power ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Flow Rates

The switched inertance hydraulic converter (SIHC) is a new technology providing an alternative to conventional proportional or servo-valve-controlled systems in the area of fluid power. SIHCs can adjust or control flow and pressure by means of using digital control signals that do not rely on throttling the flow and dissipation of power, and provide hydraulic systems with high-energy efficiency, flexible control, and insensitivity to contamination. In this article, the analytical models of an SIHC in a three-port flow-booster configuration were used and validated at high operating pressure, with the low- and high-pressure supplies of 30 and 90 bar and a high delivery flow rate of 21 L/min. The system dynamics, flow responses, and power consumption were investigated and theoretically and experimentally validated. Results were compared to previous results achieved using low operating pressures, where low- and high-pressure supplies were 20 and 30 bar, and the delivery flow rate was 7 L/min. We concluded that the analytical models could effectively predict SIHC performance, and higher operating pressures and flow rates could result in system uncertainties that need to be understood well. As high operating pressure or flow rate is a common requirement in hydraulic systems, this constitutes an important contribution to the development of newly switched inertance hydraulic converters and the improvement of fluid-power energy efficiency.

Removal of sulfur dioxide from air using a packed-bed DBD plasma reactor (PBR) and in-plasma catalysis (IPC) hybrid system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Damyar ◽  
Ali Khavanin ◽  
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari ◽  
Hassan Asilian Mahabadi ◽  
Ramazan Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Plasma Catalysis ◽  
Dbd Plasma

scholarly journals Systematic approach for improving energy efficiency in industrial facilities, from energy audit to practical implementation – case study production of autoclaved aerated concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00083
Author(s):  
Boris Sucic ◽  
Marko Peckaj ◽  
Zeljko Tomsic ◽  
Jani Uranic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Energy Auditing

In today’s globalized world, need for competitiveness on one side and constant pressure on the reduction of negative environmental impacts on the other side, are forcing industrial companies to systematically analyse all possibilities for the optimization of their production processes. This paper presents a systematic approach for improving energy efficiency in industrial facilities. Special attention was given to activities that were necessary for the proper identification of energy saving potential and implementation of selected energy efficiency measures in the complex industrial environment. The proposed approach includes four main activities: (1) energy auditing, identification and valorisation of opportunities for improving energy efficiency, (2) identification of key personnel who needs to be trained and motivated to become involved and to make energy efficient decisions in practice, (3) implementation of selected energy efficiency measures and (4) continuous monitoring and verification of achieved results. The proposed approach has been tested in the real industrial environment and the results are confirming that significant energy savings and overall improvement of competitiveness can be reached. Additionally, special emphasis was placed on soft elements like cooperation between energy experts, process operators and maintenance staff that are crucial for the overall success.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Plasma-Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis for Energy Storage Applications

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Kevin H. R. Rouwenhorst ◽  
Leon Lefferts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plasma Catalysis ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Product Separation ◽  
Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis

Plasma catalysis has recently gained traction as an alternative to ammonia synthesis. The current research is mostly fundamental and little attention has been given to the technical and economic feasibility of plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis. In this study, the feasibility of plasma-catalytic ammonia is assessed for small-scale ammonia synthesis. A brief summary of the state of the art of plasma catalysis is provided as well as a targets and potential avenues for improvement in the conversion to ammonia, ammonia separation and a higher energy efficiency. A best-case scenario is provided for plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis and this is compared to the Haber-Bosch ammonia process operated with a synthesis loop. An ammonia outlet concentration of at least 1.0 mol. % is required to limit the recycle size and to allow for efficient product separation. From the analysis, it follows that plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis cannot compete with the conventional process even in the best-case scenario. Plasma catalysis potentially has a fast response to intermittent renewable electricity, although low pressure absorbent-enhanced Haber-Bosch processes are also expected to have fast responses to load variations. Low-temperature thermochemical ammonia synthesis is expected to be a more feasible alternative to intermittent decentralized ammonia synthesis than plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis due to its superior energy efficiency.

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