scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hypogonadism and the Effectiveness of Androgen Administration on Body Composition in HIV-Infected Men: A Meta-Analysis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2067
Author(s):  
Daniele Santi ◽  
Giorgia Spaggiari ◽  
Walter Vena ◽  
Alessandro Pizzocaro ◽  
Mario Maggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Androgen Supplementation

Background: Hypogonadism is a common comorbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men, although the real prevalence is difficult to be estimated. Moreover, in HIV settings, the efficacy of exogenous testosterone (Te) administration at improving body composition remains unclear. Aim of the study: This review has a double aim. First, to estimate the prevalence of pituitary–testis axis abnormality in HIV-infected patients compared to uninfected subjects. Second, to evaluate the effect of androgen administration on body composition in HIV-infected men. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was carried out. Two separated literature searches were performed, the first to evaluate the prevalence of Te deficiency in HIV-infected men and the second one to evaluate effects of androgen administration on body composition. Results: The overall prevalence of Te deficiency in HIV-infected men was calculated from 41 studies, showing a 26% prevalence, which was even higher when free T (fT) levels, more than total T, were considered. Indeed, TT serum levels were similar between HIV patients and controls, although higher SHBG and lower fT were detected in HIV populations. When HIV-infected men were treated with exogenous Te, a significant increase in body weight, lean body mass and fat free mass was detected. Conclusion: The systematic review confirms the high prevalence of Te deficiency in HIV-infected men, particularly when fT has been considered. Moreover, chronic androgen supplementation improves body composition, affecting the lean mass compartment. However, considering the general frailty of HIV patients, a tailored indication for Te therapy should be advocated.

scholarly journals Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine S. Jakubowski ◽  
Everson A. Nunes ◽  
Filipe J. Teixeira ◽  
Victoria Vescio ◽  
Robert W. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Leucine Metabolite

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite that is purported to increase fat-free mass (FFM) gain and performance in response to resistance exercise training (RET). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of HMB supplementation in augmenting FFM and strength gains during RET in young adults. Outcomes investigated were: total body mass (TBM), FFM, fat mass (FM), total single repetition maximum (1RM), bench press (BP) 1RM, and lower body (LwB) 1RM. Databases consulted were: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica database (Embase), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and SportDiscus. Fourteen studies fit the inclusion criteria; however, 11 were analyzed after data extraction and funnel plot analysis exclusion. A total of 302 participants (18–45 y) were included in body mass and composition analysis, and 248 were included in the strength analysis. A significant effect was found on TBM. However, there were no significant effects for FFM, FM, or strength outcomes. We conclude that HMB produces a small effect on TBM gain, but this effect does not translate into significantly greater increases in FFM, strength or decreases in FM during periods of RET. Our findings do not support the use of HMB aiming at improvement of body composition or strength with RET.

HIV-Tuberculous Meningitis Co-infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Purmohamad ◽  
Taher Azimi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Nasiri ◽  
Mehdi Goudarzi ◽  
Moein Zangiabadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence

: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons are at a higher risk of developing Tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. We systematically searched Pubmed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane library databases from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2017, to find relevant studies. We employed the random-effects meta-analysis model to estimate the pooled prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. Twenty-six eligible studies showed the prevalence of HIV in TBM patients. In the pooled analyses, the prevalence of HIV was 30% (95% CI: 12-47) in patients with confirmed TBM, and 12.1% (95% CI: 7.3-19.2) in patients with suspected TBM. This study shows a high prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. Establishing proper diagnostic criteria and preventive measures for TBM infections could assist in the prevention and management of TBM infection, particularly TBM-HIV co-infection.

Betaine supplementation fails to improve body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ◽  
Reza Bagheri ◽  
Grant M. Tinsley ◽  
Omid Asbaghi ◽  
Sara Salehpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

Abstract Previous studies evaluating the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition offer contradictory findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition indices (body mass [BM], body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BFP], fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM]), and dietary intakes. Studies examining the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition and dietary intakes published up to August 2021 were identified through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, SCOPUS, and Ovid databases. Betaine supplementation failed to significantly affect BM [(WMD: −0.40 kg, 95% CI: −1.46 to 0.64), p=0.447], BMI [(WMD: −0.05 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.36 to 0.25), p=0.719], BFP [(WMD: 0.26%, 95% CI: −0.82 to 1.36), p=0.663], FM [(WMD: −0.57 kg, 95% CI: −2.14 to 0.99), p=0.473], and FFM [(WMD: 0.61 kg, 95% CI: −1.27 to 2.49), p=0.527]. Subgroup analyses based on participant’s age (<40 and >40 years), sex, BMI, trial duration (<8 and ≥8 weeks), betaine supplementation dosage (<4 and ≥4 g), and health status (healthy or unhealthy) demonstrated similar results. Other than a potential negligible increase in protein intake (WMD: 3.56 g, 95% CI: 0.24 to 6.88, p=0.035), no changes in dietary intakes were observed following betaine supplementation compared to control. The present systematic review and meta-analysis does not show any beneficial effects of betaine supplementation on body composition indices (BM, BMI, FM, and FFM).

scholarly journals Effects of Ramadan and Non-ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana M. Correia ◽  
Inês Santos ◽  
Pedro Pezarat-Correia ◽  
Analiza M. Silva ◽  
Goncalo V. Mendonca
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity for body-composition improvement purposes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of Ramadan vs. non-Ramadan IF on parameters of body composition. We conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (published until May 2020). Studies were selected if they included samples of adults (≥18 years), had an experimental or observational design, investigated any type of IF and included body composition outcomes. Meta-analytical procedures were conducted when feasible. Sixty-six articles met the eligibility criteria. We found that non-Ramadan IF is effective for decreasing body weight (−0.341 (95% CI [−0.584, −0.098], p = 0.006), body mass index (−0.699, 95% CI [−1.05, −0.347], p &lt; 0.001), and absolute fat mass (−0.447, 95% CI [−0.673, −0.221], p &lt; 0.001). When contrasting pre- post-intervention data on fat-free mass between treatments and controls, group-differences were non-significant (p &gt; 0.05). Conversely, we observed a significant increase in fat-free mass when comparing pre- to post-intervention in a within design fashion (0.306, 95% CI [0.133, 0.48], p = 0.001). Finally, despite being accompanied by dehydration, Ramadan IF is effective in decreasing body weight (−0.353; 95% CI [−0.651, −0.054], p = 0.02) and relative fat mass (−0.533; 95% CI [−1.025, −0.04], p = 0.034). Ramadan IF seems to implicate some beneficial adaptations in weight management, although non-Ramadan IF appears to be more effective in improving overall body composition.

526 Outcomes of Burn Patients with Pre-Existing Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S110-S111
Author(s):  
Laura M Mafla ◽  
Luis H Quiroga ◽  
Sophie L Cemaj ◽  
Nora Khalil ◽  
Charles S Hultman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Introduction Burn injuries are well known to cause a state of immunosuppression in patients. This can result in wound infections, a common complication in burn injuries, that can lead to sepsis and increased mortality. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also known to cause immunosuppression in patients. The outcomes of burn patients with pre-existing HIV infections, however, are not yet completely understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of burn patients with pre-existing HIV against those without this chronic infection. Methods We searched MEDLINE (Pubmed), Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase for studies that compared outcomes and complications between burn patients with and without HIV. From this search, we screened 445 articles. Through our selection criteria, five articles focusing on HIV patients were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using the Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan) Data Analysis package to produce pooled odds ratios and mean differences from the random effect model. Results Five studies observing a total of 24,419 burn patients, published between 2000 and 2017, were included. Of these, two are prospective studies and three are retrospective chart reviews. The primary outcome of mortality for HIV+ patients compared to HIV- patients had an odds ratio of 2.04 (CI= 0.46–9.14) in the random effects model. Secondary outcomes of sepsis and wound infection odds ratios were 1.47 (CI= 0.44–4.99) and 1.10 (CI= 0.28–4.25), respectively. The length of stay (LOS) between studies showed an overall mean difference of 0.95 (CI=-8.08–9.99). Most studies had a greater proportion of male patients. TBSA between studies ranged from 13.1% and 35%. Conclusions From our results, we concluded that HIV+ had a tendency toward greater mortality (OR=2.04) and sepsis (OR=1.47). However, mortality and sepsis had confidence intervals of [0.46–9.14] and [0.44–4.99], respectively. Therefore, we cannot definitively state that HIV infection is responsible for greater mortality or sepsis in burn patients. Additionally, LOS analysis also showed a wide confidence interval [-8.08–9.99], preventing us from making reliable deductions about this outcome. We believe further research is needed before universal conclusion or recommendations are appropriate.

scholarly journals Hair Loss After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
◽  
Meiling Fan ◽  
Cunchuan Wang ◽  
Kamal Mahawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Metabolic And Bariatric Surgery

Abstract Background Hair loss is a common complication after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). There is a lack of published systematic review in the scientific literature on this topic. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on hair loss after MBS in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Methods PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and four Chinese databases were searched. Data were pooled using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0, and subgroups were performed if necessary and feasible. Results A total of 18 studies (n = 2538) were included. The pooled results showed that the incidence of hair loss after MBS was 57% (95% CI 42–71%). It decreased with longer follow-up times. Hair loss was significantly more common in younger (mean difference (MD), − 2.45; 95% CI, − 4.26 to − 0.64; p = 0.008) women (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 0.59 to 17.59; p = 0.08). Serum zinc (standardized mean difference (SMD), − 1.13; 95% CI, − 2.27 to 0.01, p = 0.05), folic acid (SMD = − 0.88, 95% CI − 1.29 to − 0.46, p < 0.0001), and ferritin levels (SMD, − 0.22; 95% CI, − 0.38 to − 0.05; p = 0.01), but not serum iron and vitamin B12, were associated with hair loss following MBS. Conclusions Hair loss is common after MBS especially in younger women, and those with low serum levels of zinc, folic acid, and ferritin. Prospective studies on larger cohorts are needed.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Circuit-Based Training on Body Composition, Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽  
Luis Andreu Caravaca ◽  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Rest Time

We assessed the effects of resistance circuit-based training (CT) on strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in three databases, ending on March, 2020. Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the effects of pre–post-intervention CT and differences from control groups (CG). Of the 830 studies found, 45 were included in the meta-analysis (58 experimental groups (n = 897) and 34 CG (n = 474)). The CT interventions led to increases in muscle mass (1.9%; p < 0.001) and decreases in fat mass (4.3%; p < 0.001). With regard to cardiorespiratory fitness, CT had a favorable effect on VO2max (6.3%; p < 0.001), maximum aerobic speed or power (0.3%; p = 0.04), and aerobic performance (2.6%; p = 0.006) after training. Concerning strength outcome, the CT increased the strength of the upper and lower extremities. Only the magnitude of strength performance appears to be influenced by the training (number of sessions and frequency) and the training status. Moreover, low and moderate intensities and short rest time between exercise increase the magnitude of change in fat mass loss. Therefore, CT has been shown to be an effective method for improving body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and strength of the lower and upper limbs.

scholarly journals Body composition changes in physically active individuals consuming ketogenic diets: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Coleman ◽  
Christopher T. Carrigan ◽  
Lee M. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Ideal Strength ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Study Intervention

Abstract Background To achieve ideal strength/power to mass ratio, athletes may attempt to lower body mass through reductions in fat mass (FM), while maintaining or increasing fat-free mass (FFM) by manipulating their training regimens and diets. Emerging evidence suggests that consumption of high-fat, ketogenic diets (KD) may be advantageous for reducing body mass and FM, while retaining FFM. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library databases to compare the effects of KD versus control diets (CON) on body mass and composition in physically active populations. Randomized and non-randomized studies were included if participants were healthy (free of chronic disease), physically active men or women age ≥ 18 years consuming KD (< 50 g carbohydrate/d or serum or whole blood β-hydroxybutyrate (βhb) > 0.5 mmol/L) for ≥14 days. Results Thirteen studies (9 parallel and 4 crossover/longitudinal) that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Aggregated results from the 13 identified studies show body mass decreased 2.7 kg in KD and increased 0.3 kg in CON. FM decreased by 2.3 kg in KD and 0.3 kg in CON. FFM decreased by 0.3 kg in KD and increased 0.7 kg in CON. Estimated energy balance based on changes in body composition was − 339 kcal/d in KD and 5 kcal/d in CON. Risk of bias identified some concern of bias primarily due to studies which allowed participants to self-select diet intervention groups, as well as inability to blind participants to the study intervention, and/or longitudinal study design. Conclusion KD can promote mobilization of fat stores to reduce FM while retaining FFM. However, there is variance in results of FFM across studies and some risk-of-bias in the current literature that is discussed in this systematic review.

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