scholarly journals Proteolytic and Structural Changes in Rye and Triticale Roots under Aluminum Stress

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3046
Author(s):  
Joanna Szewińska ◽  
Elżbieta Różańska ◽  
Ewa Papierowska ◽  
Mateusz Labudda
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Gelatinolytic Activity ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Root Border Cells ◽  
Level Analysis

Proteolysis and structural adjustments are significant for defense against heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the Al3+ stress alters protease activity and the anatomy of cereale roots. Azocaseinolytic and gelatinolytic measurements, transcript-level analysis of phytocystatins, and observations under microscopes were performed on the roots of Al3+-tolerant rye and tolerant and sensitive triticales exposed to Al3+. In rye and triticales, the azocaseinolytic activity was higher in treated roots. The gelatinolytic activity in the roots of rye was enhanced between 12 and 24 h in treated roots, and decreased at 48 h. The gelatinolytic activity in treated roots of tolerant triticale was the highest at 24 h and the lowest at 12 h, whereas in treated roots of sensitive triticale it was lowest at 12 h but was enhanced at 24 and 48 h. These changes were accompanied by increased transcript levels of phytocystatins in rye and triticale-treated roots. Light microscope analysis of rye roots revealed disintegration of rhizodermis in treated roots at 48 h and indicated the involvement of root border cells in rye defense against Al3+. The ultrastructural analysis showed vacuoles containing electron-dense precipitates. We postulate that proteolytic-antiproteolytic balance and structural acclimation reinforce the fine-tuning to Al3+.

scholarly journals Changes in the Distribution of Pectin in Root Border Cells Under Aluminum Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruki Nagayama ◽  
Atsuko Nakamura ◽  
Naoki Yamaji ◽  
Shinobu Satoh ◽  
Jun Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Border Cells ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Root Border Cells

scholarly journals Toward an Automatic Quality Assessment of Voice-Based Telemedicine Consultations: A Deep Learning Approach

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3279
Author(s):  
Maria Habib ◽  
Mohammad Faris ◽  
Raneem Qaddoura ◽  
Manal Alomari ◽  
Alaa Alomari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation

Maintaining a high quality of conversation between doctors and patients is essential in telehealth services, where efficient and competent communication is important to promote patient health. Assessing the quality of medical conversations is often handled based on a human auditory-perceptual evaluation. Typically, trained experts are needed for such tasks, as they follow systematic evaluation criteria. However, the daily rapid increase of consultations makes the evaluation process inefficient and impractical. This paper investigates the automation of the quality assessment process of patient–doctor voice-based conversations in a telehealth service using a deep-learning-based classification model. For this, the data consist of audio recordings obtained from Altibbi. Altibbi is a digital health platform that provides telemedicine and telehealth services in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The objective is to assist Altibbi’s operations team in the evaluation of the provided consultations in an automated manner. The proposed model is developed using three sets of features: features extracted from the signal level, the transcript level, and the signal and transcript levels. At the signal level, various statistical and spectral information is calculated to characterize the spectral envelope of the speech recordings. At the transcript level, a pre-trained embedding model is utilized to encompass the semantic and contextual features of the textual information. Additionally, the hybrid of the signal and transcript levels is explored and analyzed. The designed classification model relies on stacked layers of deep neural networks and convolutional neural networks. Evaluation results show that the model achieved a higher level of precision when compared with the manual evaluation approach followed by Altibbi’s operations team.

Developmental characteristics and aluminum resistance of root border cells in rice seedlings

Plant Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
MiaoZhen Cai ◽  
ShuNa Zhang ◽  
ChengHua Xing ◽  
FangMei Wang ◽  
Wang Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Border Cells ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Aluminum Resistance ◽  
Root Border Cells ◽  
Developmental Characteristics

Root Border Cells and Their Role in Plant Defense

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Hawes ◽  
Caitilyn Allen ◽  
B. Gillian Turgeon ◽  
Gilberto Curlango-Rivera ◽  
Tuan Minh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Root Border Cells

scholarly journals Regulation of Major Cellulosomal Endoglucanases of Clostridium thermocellum Differs from That of a Prominent Cellulosomal Xylanase

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. 2261-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali W. Dror ◽  
Adi Rolider ◽  
Edward A. Bayer ◽  
Raphael Lamed ◽  
Yuval Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Clostridium Thermocellum ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Processive Endoglucanase ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Family 10 Xylanase

ABSTRACT The expression of scaffoldin-anchoring genes and one of the major processive endoglucanases (CelS) from the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum has been shown to be dependent on the growth rate. For the present work, we studied the gene regulation of selected cellulosomal endoglucanases and a major xylanase in order to examine the previously observed substrate-linked alterations in cellulosome composition. For this purpose, the transcript levels of genes encoding endoglucanases CelB, CelG, and CelD and the family 10 xylanase XynC were determined in batch cultures, grown on either cellobiose or cellulose, and in carbon-limited continuous cultures at different dilution rates. Under all conditions tested, the transcript levels of celB and celG were at least 10-fold higher than that of celD. Like the major processive endoglucanase CelS, the transcript levels of these endoglucanase genes were also dependent on the growth rate. Thus, at a rate of 0.04 h−1, the levels of celB, celG, and celD were threefold higher than those obtained in cultures grown at maximal rates (0.35 h−1) on cellobiose. In contrast, no clear correlation was observed between the transcript level of xynC and the growth rate—the levels remained relatively high, fluctuating between 30 and 50 transcripts per cell. The results suggest that the regulation of C. thermocellum endoglucanases is similar to that of the processive endoglucanase celS but differs from that of a major cellulosomal xylanase in that expression of the latter enzyme is independent of the growth rate.

Response and tolerance of root border cells to aluminum toxicity in soybean seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao-Zhen Cai ◽  
Fang-Mei Wang ◽  
Rong-Feng Li ◽  
Shu-Na Zhang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Root Border Cells

scholarly journals Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Rivers Under the Influence of Mining Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Eduardo Rico-Sánchez ◽  
Alexis Joseph Rodríguez-Romero ◽  
Jacinto Elías Sedeño-Díaz ◽  
Eugenia López-López ◽  
Andrea Sundermann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Central Plateau

Abstract Mining is one of the main pollution issues worldwide, causing the greatest disturbances to the environment. Industrial and artisanal mining activities are widespread in Mexico, being a major global producer of various metals. This study aimed to assess the ecological impairments resulting from mining activities using the aquatic macroinvertebrates assemblages (MA). A multiple co-inertia analysis (MCOA) was applied to determine the relationships between environmental factors, habitat quality, heavy metals, and aquatic macroinvertebrates in two rivers of the Central Plateau, Mexico. The results revealed three contrasting environmental conditions and different MA. High concentrations of heavy metals, nutrients, and salinity limit the presence of various families of seemingly sensitive macroinvertebrates, these factors were identified as the drivers of structural changes in the MA, showing that not only mining activities, but also agriculture, and villages in the basin, exert negative effects to the macroinvertebrate communities. Diversity indices showed that the lowest diversity matched with both, the most polluted and the most saline rivers. The rivers studied displayed a high alkalinity and hardness, which can lead to the formation of metal precipitates and thus acting as a protection to aquatic biota. Aquatic biomonitoring in rivers, impacted by mining and other human activities, is critical for detecting the effect of metals and other pollutants to improve management and conservation strategies. This study supports the design of cost-effective and accurate water quality biomonitoring protocols in developing countries.

Conclusions

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-254
Author(s):  
Thomas Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
International System ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Good News ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Practical Conclusion

This concluding chapter summarizes the findings of this book and revisits the six hypotheses introduced in Chapter 1, in the light of the empirical investigation. It then turns to a discussion of open questions and future research agendas. Finally, it summarizes the main practical conclusion of this book. To achieve international cooperation, neither grand visions of political leaders nor technocratic fine-tuning of the machinery of international institutions are enough. Substantial improvements in international cooperation are difficult, because they need to go hand in hand with institutional and structural changes at the domestic level. The good news is that this book hopefully helped to demystify the origins of international conflicts. Conflicts are neither the result of an anarchic international system nor the ‘natural’ consequence of conflicting national egoisms, but can be traced to concrete deficits of the domestic models of capitalism. These capitalist models are dynamic and internally contested, which gives hope for the possibility of international cooperation.

Biological Characters of Root Border Cells Development in Maize (Zea mays)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Yan ◽  
Chen Bo ◽  
Gao Shibin ◽  
Rong Tingzhao
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Root Border Cells ◽  
Biological Characters

scholarly journals Obesity during pregnancy results in maternal intestinal inflammation, placental hypoxia, and alters fetal glucose metabolism at mid-gestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica G. Wallace ◽  
Christian J. Bellissimo ◽  
Erica Yeo ◽  
Yu Fei Xia ◽  
Jim J. Petrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Placental Inflammation

AbstractWe investigated whether diet-induced changes in the maternal intestinal microbiota were associated with changes in bacterial metabolites and their receptors, intestinal inflammation, and placental inflammation at mid-gestation (E14.5) in female mice fed a control (17% kcal fat, n = 7) or a high-fat diet (HFD 60% kcal fat, n = 9; ad libitum) before and during pregnancy. Maternal diet-induced obesity (mDIO) resulted in a reduction in maternal fecal short-chain fatty acid producing Lachnospiraceae, lower cecal butyrate, intestinal antimicrobial peptide levels, and intestinal SCFA receptor Ffar3, Ffar2 and Hcar2 transcript levels. mDIO increased maternal intestinal pro-inflammatory NFκB activity, colonic CD3+ T cell number, and placental inflammation. Maternal obesity was associated with placental hypoxia, increased angiogenesis, and increased transcript levels of glucose and amino acid transporters. Maternal and fetal markers of gluconeogenic capacity were decreased in pregnancies complicated by obesity. We show that mDIO impairs bacterial metabolite signaling pathways in the mother at mid-gestation, which was associated with significant structural changes in placental blood vessels, likely as a result of placental hypoxia. It is likely that maternal intestinal changes contribute to adverse maternal and placental adaptations that, via alterations in fetal hepatic glucose handling, may impart increased risk of metabolic dysfunction in offspring.

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