scholarly journals Control of Inflammation by Calorie Restriction Mimetics: On the Crossroad of Autophagy and Mitochondria

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Gabandé-Rodríguez ◽  
Manuel M. Gómez de las Heras ◽  
María Mittelbrunn
Keyword(s):  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Mitochondrial Metabolism ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Inflammatory Cascade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Mitochondrial metabolism and autophagy are two of the most metabolically active cellular processes, playing a crucial role in regulating organism longevity. In fact, both mitochondrial dysfunction or autophagy decline compromise cellular homeostasis and induce inflammation. Calorie restriction (CR) is the oldest strategy known to promote healthspan, and a plethora of CR mimetics have been used to emulate its beneficial effects. Herein, we discuss how CR and CR mimetics, by modulating mitochondrial metabolism or autophagic flux, prevent inflammatory processes, protect the intestinal barrier function, and dampen both inflammaging and neuroinflammation. We outline the effects of some compounds classically known as modulators of autophagy and mitochondrial function, such as NAD+ precursors, metformin, spermidine, rapamycin, and resveratrol, on the control of the inflammatory cascade and how these anti-inflammatory properties could be involved in their ability to increase resilience to age-associated diseases.

scholarly journals Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo ◽  
Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón ◽  
María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas ◽  
Julio Gálvez ◽  
Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Immunological Alterations

Probiotics microorganisms exert their health-associated activities through some of the following general actions: competitive exclusion, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, production of bacteriocins, improvement of altered microbiota, and modulation of the immune response. Among them, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 has become one of the most promising probiotics and it has been described to possess potential beneficial effects on inflammatory processes and immunological alterations. Different studies, preclinical and clinical trials, have evidenced its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and elucidated the precise mechanisms of action involved in its beneficial effects. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the effect on host health, mechanisms, and future therapeutic approaches.

Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function during alleviation of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with Rhizoma Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 10839-10851
Author(s):  
Zhi-jie Ma ◽  
Huan-jun Wang ◽  
Xiao-jing Ma ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Hong-jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Ginger extract showed beneficial effects on rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and the underlying mechanism might be associated with the recovery of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.

scholarly journals The Potential of Gut Commensals in Reinforcing Intestinal Barrier Function and Alleviating Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa Hiippala ◽  
Hanne Jouhten ◽  
Aki Ronkainen ◽  
Anna Hartikainen ◽  
Veera Kainulainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Beneficial Action ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Extracellular Structures

The intestinal microbiota, composed of pro- and anti-inflammatory microbes, has an essential role in maintaining gut homeostasis and functionality. An overly hygienic lifestyle, consumption of processed and fiber-poor foods, or antibiotics are major factors modulating the microbiota and possibly leading to longstanding dysbiosis. Dysbiotic microbiota is characterized to have altered composition, reduced diversity and stability, as well as increased levels of lipopolysaccharide-containing, proinflammatory bacteria. Specific commensal species as novel probiotics, so-called next-generation probiotics, could restore the intestinal health by means of attenuating inflammation and strengthening the epithelial barrier. In this review we summarize the latest findings considering the beneficial effects of the promising commensals across all major intestinal phyla. These include the already well-known bifidobacteria, which use extracellular structures or secreted substances to promote intestinal health. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, and Eubacterium hallii metabolize dietary fibers as major short-chain fatty acid producers providing energy sources for enterocytes and achieving anti-inflammatory effects in the gut. Akkermansia muciniphila exerts beneficial action in metabolic diseases and fortifies the barrier function. The health-promoting effects of Bacteroides species are relatively recently discovered with the findings of excreted immunomodulatory molecules. These promising, unconventional probiotics could be a part of biotherapeutic strategies in the future.

scholarly journals The Intestinal Fate of Citrus Flavanones and Their Effects on Gastrointestinal Health

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yala Stevens ◽  
Evelien Van Rymenant ◽  
Charlotte Grootaert ◽  
John Van Camp ◽  
Sam Possemiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Citrus flavanones, with hesperidin and naringin as the most abundant representatives, have various beneficial effects, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Evidence also indicates that they may impact the intestinal microbiome and are metabolized by the microbiota as well, thereby affecting their bioavailability. In this review, we provide an overview on the current evidence on the intestinal fate of hesperidin and naringin, their interaction with the gut microbiota, and their effects on intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. These topics will be discussed as they may contribute to gastrointestinal health in various diseases. Evidence shows that hesperidin and naringin are metabolized by intestinal bacteria, mainly in the (proximal) colon, resulting in the formation of their aglycones hesperetin and naringenin and various smaller phenolics. Studies have also shown that citrus flavanones and their metabolites are able to influence the microbiota composition and activity and exert beneficial effects on intestinal barrier function and gastrointestinal inflammation. Although the exact underlying mechanisms of action are not completely clear and more research in human subjects is needed, evidence so far suggests that citrus flavanones as well as their metabolites have the potential to contribute to improved gastrointestinal function and health.

Exposure to oxidized soybean oil induces mammary mitochondrial injury in lactating rats and alters the intestinal barrier function of progeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3705-3719
Author(s):  
Chuanqi Wang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Xin Guan ◽  
Xinxin Yao ◽  
Baoming Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Injury

The ingestion of OSO promoted the expression of mitochondrial function-related genes, such as Sirt3 and PRDX3, and these genes contributed to the elimination of oxidative production in mitochondria.

Wild jujube polysaccharides protect against experimental inflammatory bowel disease by enabling enhanced intestinal barrier function

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2568-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yue ◽  
Shuangchan Wu ◽  
Zhike Li ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Dietary polysaccharides provide various beneficial effects for our health.

scholarly journals A β-Glucan-Based Dietary Fiber Reduces Mast Cell-Induced Hyperpermeability in Ileum From Patients With Crohn’s Disease and Control Subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Peter Ganda Mall ◽  
Maite Casado-Bedmar ◽  
Martin E Winberg ◽  
Robert J Brummer ◽  
Ida Schoultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Administration of β-glucan has shown immune-enhancing effects. Our aim was to investigate whether β-glucan could attenuate mast cell (MC)-induced hyperpermeability in follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) and villus epithelium (VE) of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and in noninflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-controls. Further, we studied mechanisms of β-glucan uptake and effects on MCs in vitro. Methods Segments of FAE and VE from 8 CD patients and 9 controls were mounted in Ussing chambers. Effects of the MC-degranulator compound 48/80 (C48/80) and yeast-derived β-1,3/1,6 glucan on hyperpermeability were investigated. Translocation of β-glucan and colocalization with immune cells were studied by immunofluorescence. Caco-2-cl1- and FAE-cultures were used to investigate β-glucan-uptake using endocytosis inhibitors and HMC-1.1 to study effects on MCs. Results β-glucan significantly attenuated MC-induced paracellular hyperpermeability in CD and controls. Transcellular hyperpermeability was only significantly attenuated in VE. Baseline paracellular permeability was higher in FAE than VE in both groups, P<0.05, and exhibited a more pronounced effect by C48/80 and β-glucan P<0.05. No difference was observed between CD and controls. In vitro studies showed increased passage, P<0.05, of β-glucan through FAE-culture compared to Caco-2-cl1. Passage was mildly attenuated by the inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin. HMC-1.1 experiments showed a trend to decreasing MC-degranulation and levels of TNF-α but not IL-6 by β-glucan. Immunofluorescence revealed more β-glucan-uptake and higher percentage of macrophages and dendritic cells close to β-glucan in VE of CD compared to controls. Conclusions We demonstrated beneficial effects of β-glucan on intestinal barrier function and increased β-glucan-passage through FAE model. Our results provide important and novel knowledge on possible applications of β-glucan in health disorders and diseases characterized by intestinal barrier dysfunction.

scholarly journals L-Tryptophan Enhances Intestinal Integrity in Diquat-Challenged Piglets Associated with Improvement of Redox Status and Mitochondrial Function

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingbo Liu ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Honglin Yan ◽  
Hongfu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Integrity

Tryptophan (Trp) supplementation has been shown to improve growth performance and enhance intestinal integrity in piglets. However, the effects of dietary Trp supplementation on the intestinal barrier function in piglets exposed to oxidative stress remain unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate whether dietary Trp supplementation can attenuate intestinal injury, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction of piglets caused by diquat injection. Thirty-two piglets at 25 days of age were randomly allocated to four groups: (1) the non-challenged control; (2) diquat-challenged control; (3) 0.15% Trp-supplemented diet + diquat; (4) 0.30% Trp supplemented diet + diquat. On day seven, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with sterilized saline or diquat (10 mg/kg body weight). The experiment lasted 21 days. Dietary supplementation with 0.15% Trp improved growth performance of diquat-challenged piglets from day 7 to 21. Diquat induced an increased intestinal permeability, impaired antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although dietary supplementation with 0.15% Trp ameliorated these negative effects induced by diquat challenge that showed decreasing permeability of 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, increasing antioxidant indexes, and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. Results indicated that dietary supplementation with 0.15% Trp enhanced intestinal integrity, restored the redox status, and improved the mitochondrial function of piglets challenged with diquat.

Electroacupuncture Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Motor Dysfunction by Regulating Intestinal Barrier Function in a Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ma ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Gastrointestinal dysfunction is the main nonmotor characteristic of Parkinson disease (PD), manipulation of gastrointestinal function by altering gut-brain axis is a potentially novel entry point for the treatment of PD. Acupuncture has been reported to confer beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects and mechanism of acupuncture on the pathophysiology and gastrointestinal function of PD. A PD mouse model was established by rotenone, and electroacupuncture was used to regulate the gastrointestinal function. Rotenone was found to induce the types of brain pathologies and gastrointestinal dysfunction that are similar to those observed with PD. Electroacupuncture significantly increased the spontaneous activity of mice with PD and increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, while reducing the expression of Iba-1 in substantia nigra (SN), suggesting that motor dysfunction and neurological damage was alleviated. In addition, electroacupuncture significantly reduced the deposition of α-synuclein in both colon and SN, reduced intestinal inflammation, and exerted protective effects on enteric nervous system and intestinal barrier. In conclusion, electroacupuncture confers beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal system of mice with PD and can alleviate neuroinflammation and neuropathic injury by inhibiting intestinal inflammation, promoting intestinal barrier repair and reducing α-synuclein deposition in the colon.

Cytotoxicity and metabolic stress induced by acetaldehyde in human intestinal LS174T goblet-like cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (3) ◽  
pp. G286-G294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elhaseen Elamin ◽  
Ad Masclee ◽  
Freddy Troost ◽  
Jan Dekker ◽  
Daisy Jonkers
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Ldh Release ◽  
Negative Controls

There is compelling evidence indicating that ethanol and its oxidative metabolite acetaldehyde can disrupt intestinal barrier function. Apart from the tight junctions, mucins secreted by goblet cells provide an effective barrier. Ethanol has been shown to induce goblet cell injury associated with alterations in mucin glycosylation. However, effects of its most injurious metabolite acetaldehyde remain largely unknown. This study aimed to assess short-term effects of acetaldehyde (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM) on functional characteristics of intestinal goblet-like cells (LS174T). Oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, ATP, and intramitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) were assessed by dichlorofluorescein, methyltetrazolium, and bioluminescence, MitoTracker green and rhod-2 double-labeling. Membrane integrity and apoptosis were evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), caspase 3/7, and cleavage of cytokeratin 18 (CK18). Expression of mucin 2 (MUC2) was determined by cell-based ELISA. Acetaldehyde significantly increased reactive oxygen species generation and decreased mitochondrial function compared with negative controls ( P < 0.05). In addition, acetaldehyde dose-dependently decreased ATP levels and induced intramitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation compared with negative controls ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, acetaldehyde induced LDH release and increased caspase3/7 activity and percentage of cells expressing cleaved CK18 and increased MUC2 protein expression compared with negative controls ( P < 0.0001). ATP depletion and LDH release could be largely prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, suggesting a pivotal role for oxidative stress. Our data demonstrate that acetaldehyde has distinct oxidant-dependent metabolic and cytotoxic effects on LS174T cells that can lead to induction of cellular apoptosis. These effects may contribute to acetaldehyde-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and subsequently to liver injury.

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