scholarly journals The Role of Notch Signaling in Macrophages during Inflammation and Infection: Implication in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra’a Keewan ◽  
Saleh A. Naser
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Notch signaling coordinates numerous cellular processes and has been implicated in many pathological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the role of Notch signaling in development, maturation, differentiation, and activation of lymphocytes has been comprehensively reported, less is known about its role in myeloid cells. Certainly, limited data are available about the role of Notch signaling in macrophages during inflammation and infection. In this review, we discuss the recent advances pertaining to the role of Notch signaling in differentiation, activation, and metabolism of macrophages during inflammation and infection. We also highlight the reciprocal interplay between Notch signaling and other signaling pathways in macrophages under different inflammatory and infectious conditions including pathogenesis of RA. Finally, we discuss approaches that could consider Notch signaling as a potential therapeutic target against infection- and inflammation-driven diseases.

scholarly journals The Endocannabinoid System: A Target for Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Laezza ◽  
Cristina Pagano ◽  
Giovanna Navarra ◽  
Olga Pastorino ◽  
Maria Chiara Proto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
System A ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms

In recent years, the endocannabinoid system has received great interest as a potential therapeutic target in numerous pathological conditions. Cannabinoids have shown an anticancer potential by modulating several pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, migration, and angiogenesis. However, the therapeutic efficacy of cannabinoids is limited to the treatment of chemotherapy-induced symptoms or cancer pain, but their use as anticancer drugs in chemotherapeutic protocols requires further investigation. In this paper, we reviewed the role of cannabinoids in the modulation of signaling mechanisms implicated in tumor progression.

scholarly journals Toll-like Receptors Signaling Pathways as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 1887-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Maryam Ghandehari ◽  
Motahareh Heydari-majd ◽  
Sima Seifi ◽  
Ramin Mardani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality, and associated with an important economic burden globally. Over the last decade, the prevalence of CVD has been rising globally, and is now associated with millions of death annually in both developed and developing countries. There is good evidence that the immune system is involved in the pathophysiology of CVD. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their down-stream signaling pathways play an important role in the immune system. Recent studies have suggested that the TLRs are involved in atherogenesis, including stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemiareperfusion injury, cardiac remodeling and development of Heart Failure (HF). In this review we have summarized the recent studies investigating the role of TLRs in CVD and the potential for using TLRs signaling pathways as a therapeutic target in CVD.

scholarly journals Notch signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for extracranial vascular malformations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reema B. Davis ◽  
Kristy Pahl ◽  
Nicholas C. Datto ◽  
Scott V. Smith ◽  
Carrie Shawber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target

scholarly journals The Role of Cellular Prion Protein in Cancer Biology: A Potential Therapeutic Target

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manqiu Ding ◽  
Yongqiang Chen ◽  
Yue Lang ◽  
Li Cui
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cellular Prion Protein ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target

Prion protein has two isoforms including cellular prion protein (PrPC) and scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). PrPSc is the pathological aggregated form of prion protein and it plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. PrPC is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that can attach to a membrane. Its expression begins at embryogenesis and reaches the highest level in adulthood. PrPC is expressed in the neurons of the nervous system as well as other peripheral organs. Studies in recent years have disclosed the involvement of PrPC in various aspects of cancer biology. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the roles of PrPC in proliferation, cell survival, invasion/metastasis, and stem cells of cancer cells, as well as its role as a potential therapeutic target.

scholarly journals The Role of Prokineticin 2 in Oxidative Stress and in Neuropathological Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Lattanzi ◽  
Cinzia Severini ◽  
Daniela Maftei ◽  
Luciano Saso ◽  
Aldo Badiani
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Prokineticin 2 ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Double Function ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The prokineticin (PK) family, prokineticin 1 and Bv8/prokineticin 2 (PROK2), initially discovered as regulators of gastrointestinal motility, interacts with two G protein-coupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, regulating important biological functions such as circadian rhythms, metabolism, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, muscle contractility, hematopoiesis, immune response, reproduction and pain perception. PROK2 and PK receptors, in particular PKR2, are widespread distributed in the central nervous system, in both neurons and glial cells. The PROK2 expression levels can be increased by a series of pathological insults, such as hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, beta amyloid and excitotoxic glutamate. This suggests that the PK system, participating in different cellular processes that cause neuronal death, can be a key mediator in neurological/neurodegenerative diseases. While many PROK2/PKRs effects in physiological processes have been documented, their role in neuropathological conditions is not fully clarified, since PROK2 can have a double function in the mechanisms underlying to neurodegeneration or neuroprotection. Here, we briefly outline the latest findings on the modulation of PROK2 and its cognate receptors following different pathological insults, providing information about their opposite neurotoxic and neuroprotective role in different pathological conditions.

scholarly journals The Role of Immune-Related miRNAs in the Pathology of Kidney Transplantation

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Emanuela Boštjančič ◽  
Željka Večerić-Haler ◽  
Nika Kojc
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Response ◽  
Disease Specific

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are members of the non-coding regulatory RNA family that play pivotal roles in physiological and pathological conditions, including immune response. They are particularly interesting as promising therapeutic targets, prognostic and diagnostic markers due to their easy detection in body fluids and stability. There is accumulating evidence that different miRNAs provide disease-specific signatures in liquid samples of distinct kidney injuries. Using experimental models and human samples, there have been numerous suggestions that immune-related miRNAs are also important contributors to the development of different kidney diseases as well as important markers for monitoring response after kidney transplantation. However, there are limited data for understanding their function in the molecular pathways of allograft pathologies. In our review, we focused on microRNAs that are related to different aspects of immune response after kidney transplantation.

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