scholarly journals Comparable Vδ2 Cell Functional Characteristics in Virally Suppressed People Living with HIV and Uninfected Individuals

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Clohosey ◽  
Brendan T. Mann ◽  
Paul L. Ryan ◽  
Tatiyana V. Apanasovich ◽  
Sanjay B. Maggirwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Repertoire Diversity ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Living With Hiv

Crosstalk between innate and adaptive pathways is a critical component to developing an effective, lasting immune response. Among natural effector cells, innate-like γδ T cells promote immunity by facilitating communication between the two compartments and exerting cytotoxic effector functions. Dysregulation of γδ T cell populations is a byproduct of primary Humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This is most pronounced in the depletion and loss of function within cells expressing a Vγ9Vδ2 TCR (Vδ2 cells). Whether or not prolonged viral suppression mediated by antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reverse these effects has yet to be determined. In this study, we present evidence of similar Vδ2 cell functional responses within a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) that has been stably suppressed for >1 year and uninfected donors. Through the use of aminobisphosphonate drugs, we were able to generate a comprehensive comparison between ex vivo and expanded Vδ2 cells within each group. Both groups had largely similar compositions of memory and effector phenotypes, post-expansion TCR repertoire diversity, and cytotoxic capabilities. Our findings support the notion that ART promotes the recovery of Vδ2 polyfunctionality and provides insight for strategies aiming to reconstitute the full immune response after infection with HIV.

scholarly journals HIV-1 subverts the complement system in semen to enhance viral transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadien M. Nijmeijer ◽  
Marta Bermejo-Jambrina ◽  
Tanja M. Kaptein ◽  
Carla M. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Doris Wilflingseder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractSemen is important in determining HIV-1 susceptibility but it is unclear how it affects virus transmission during sexual contact. Mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) are the first immune cells to encounter HIV-1 during sexual contact and have a barrier function as LCs are restrictive to HIV-1. As semen from people living with HIV-1 contains complement-opsonized HIV-1, we investigated the effect of complement on HIV-1 dissemination by human LCs in vitro and ex vivo. Notably, pre-treatment of HIV-1 with semen enhanced LC infection compared to untreated HIV-1 in the ex vivo explant model. Infection of LCs and transmission to target cells by opsonized HIV-1 was efficiently inhibited by blocking complement receptors CR3 and CR4. Complement opsonization of HIV-1 enhanced uptake, fusion, and integration by LCs leading to an increased transmission of HIV-1 to target cells. However, in the absence of both CR3 and CR4, C-type lectin receptor langerin was able to restrict infection of complement-opsonized HIV-1. These data suggest that complement enhances HIV-1 infection of LCs by binding CR3 and CR4, thereby bypassing langerin and changing the restrictive nature of LCs into virus-disseminating cells. Targeting complement factors might be effective in preventing HIV-1 transmission.

scholarly journals Effect of Snakehead Fish Nugget and Colored Fruit Juice on Immune Response (CD4, TLC, and Leukocytes) in People Living with HIV (PLWHIV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Ginta Siahaan ◽  
Urbanus Sihotang ◽  
Jujuren Sitepu ◽  
Iceratnalela Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

<p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus attacking the body's defense system in people living with HIV (PLHIV), such as Cluster Of Differentiation 4 (CD4), Leukocytes, and Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC). People infected with HIV require adequate macro and micronutrients to improve their quality of life. The content of protein, albumin, zinc, and bioactive substances contained in food ingredients can increase the immune response. Snakehead fish nuggets are rich in Albumin and Zn, while colored fruit juice contains bioactive substances and is high in Vitamin C. This study aimed to determine the impact of snakehead fish nuggets and colored fruit juices on CD4, leukocytes, and TLC in PLHIV in Medan. This research was a Quasi Experiment with a pre and post-test design. The sample represented an entire population of 36 people from all residents of the Rehabilitation Center and was then given the treatment of snakehead fish nuggets and colored fruit juices for 22 days. The data analysis was performed using the T-dependent test after the data were normally distributed. The results showed a treatment impact on CD4, leukocytes, and TLC in PLHIV with a p-value &lt;0.05. </p>

scholarly journals Humoral immune response following prime and boost BNT162b2 vaccination in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy

HIV Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Jedicke ◽  
Metodi V. Stankov ◽  
Anne Cossmann ◽  
Alexandra Dopfer‐Jablonka ◽  
Christine Knuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotic Mixture Supplementation on the Immune Response to the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in People Living with HIV

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4412
Author(s):  
Marcella Reale ◽  
Claudio Ucciferri ◽  
Erica Costantini ◽  
Marta Di Di Nicola ◽  
Annamaria Porreca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: In people living with HIV, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the risk of death, but the persistent immune-deficient state predisposes them to pneumococcal infections. Current guidelines encourage administering pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar 13 to patients living with HIV. Since probiotic supplementation could act as adjuvants and improve vaccine immunogenicity by modulating gut microbiota, the present study aimed to assess whether the effect of a formulation containing a combination of specific probiotics (Vivomixx®) could improve the immune response to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adult people living with HIV. Methods: Thirty patients who were clinically stable and virologically suppressed, without opportunistic infections during this time and no ART changes in the 12 months before the study started were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: (1) received a placebo dose and (2) received Vivomixx® (1800 billion CFU) for four weeks before and after the vaccination with a single dose of PCV13. Results: Vivomixx® supplementation induced a better response to PCV13 immunization, as shown by greater change in anti-Pn CPS13 IgG and increase in salivary IgA, IL-10 and IL-8. Conclusions: Additional investigations will help to clearly and fully elucidate the optimal strains, doses, and timing of administration of probiotics to improve protection upon vaccination in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly.

scholarly journals People Living with HIV Easily lose their Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2: Result From A Cohort of COVID-19 Cases in Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbin Liu ◽  
Yanling Xiao ◽  
Songjie Wu ◽  
Gifty Marly ◽  
Fangzhao Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Naive Group ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background To date, whether the immune response for SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV(PLWH) is different from HIV-naïve individuals is still not clear. Methods In this cohort study, COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital in Wuhan between January 15 and April 1, 2020, were enrolled. Patients were categorized into PLWH and HIV-naïve group. All patients were followed up regularly (every fifteen days) until November 30, 2020, and the immune response towards SARS-CoV-2 was observed. Results Totally, 18 PLWH and 185 HIV-naïve individuals with COVID-19 were enrolled. The positive conversion rates of IgG were 56% in PLWH and 88% in HIV-naïve patients respectively, and the peak was on the 45th day after COVID-19 onset. However, the positive rate of IgG dropped to 12% in PLWH and 33% among HIV-naïve individuals by the end of the study. The positive conversion rate of IgG among asymptomatic carriers is significantly lower than that among moderate patients (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05–0.65) and PLWH had a lower IgG seroconversion rate compared to the HIV-naive group (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05–0.90). Patients with lower lymphocyte counts at onset had a higher positive conversion rate (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.90) and longer duration for IgG (AHR = 4.01, 95% CI: 1.78–9.02). Conclusions The positive conversion rate of IgG for SARS-CoV-2 was relatively lower and quickly lost in PLWH, which meant PLWH was in a disadvantaged situation when affected with COVID-19.

Distinct Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Among People Living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Wu ◽  
Fangzhao Ming ◽  
Songjie Wu ◽  
Yanbin Liu ◽  
Xiaoxia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv
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