Ex Vivo Vitamin D Stimulation of Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis Index in People Living with HIV, Stratified by Smoking Status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Han ◽  
S.K. Cribbs ◽  
D.M. Guidot ◽  
V. Tangpricha ◽  
G.S. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Phagocytosis Index ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals HIV-1 subverts the complement system in semen to enhance viral transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadien M. Nijmeijer ◽  
Marta Bermejo-Jambrina ◽  
Tanja M. Kaptein ◽  
Carla M. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Doris Wilflingseder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractSemen is important in determining HIV-1 susceptibility but it is unclear how it affects virus transmission during sexual contact. Mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) are the first immune cells to encounter HIV-1 during sexual contact and have a barrier function as LCs are restrictive to HIV-1. As semen from people living with HIV-1 contains complement-opsonized HIV-1, we investigated the effect of complement on HIV-1 dissemination by human LCs in vitro and ex vivo. Notably, pre-treatment of HIV-1 with semen enhanced LC infection compared to untreated HIV-1 in the ex vivo explant model. Infection of LCs and transmission to target cells by opsonized HIV-1 was efficiently inhibited by blocking complement receptors CR3 and CR4. Complement opsonization of HIV-1 enhanced uptake, fusion, and integration by LCs leading to an increased transmission of HIV-1 to target cells. However, in the absence of both CR3 and CR4, C-type lectin receptor langerin was able to restrict infection of complement-opsonized HIV-1. These data suggest that complement enhances HIV-1 infection of LCs by binding CR3 and CR4, thereby bypassing langerin and changing the restrictive nature of LCs into virus-disseminating cells. Targeting complement factors might be effective in preventing HIV-1 transmission.

Effectiveness of Medical Nutrition Therapy to Improve Dietary Habits for Promoting Bone Health in People Living with Chronic HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Alongkote Singhato ◽  
Somjet Khongkhon ◽  
Narisa Rueangsri ◽  
Uraiporn Booranasuksakul
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Medical Nutrition

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Previous studies have established the risk of bone loss among people living with HIV affected by antiretroviral therapy drug side effects and inadequate nutrient intake. Until recently, there have been limits on using the medical nutrition therapy (MNT) to improve dietary habits for promoting bone health among people living with HIV. This was a randomized controlled trial study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of MNT in improving the bone health in people living with HIV by promoting dietary habits. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PLHIV at Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital were randomly grouped (by quota sampling) into the MNT group (intervention group) and the control group. One hundred and thirty PLHIV were recruited to participate in this study by convenient sampling. Sixty-five participants of the MNT group made a total of 6 appointments (for 12 weeks) to meet registered dietitians for receiving MNT to improve dietary habits for improving bone health, while 65 participants in the control group received only routine care at the hospital service center. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In general, participants in the MNT group had significant increase in the amounts of calcium, vitamin D, potassium, and phosphorus intakes and length of exercise after the final week compared with before intervention. Also, they had significantly higher amount of nutrient intakes (calcium, vitamin D, potassium, and phosphorus) and length of exercise than the control group after finishing the final week of the experiment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In conclusion, MNT is effective for improving food habits and physical activity to promote bone health among people living with HIV.

scholarly journals Quitline Treatment Enrollment and Cessation Outcomes Among Smokers Linked With Treatment via Ask-Advise-Connect: Comparisons Among Smokers With and Without HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1640-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh C Bui ◽  
Bárbara Piñeiro ◽  
Damon J Vidrine ◽  
David W Wetter ◽  
Summer G Frank-Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Primary Care Visit ◽  
Care Visit ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Implementation Trial

Abstract Introduction Given that people living with HIV (PLWH) are disproportionately burdened by tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, it is critically important to understand the degree to which evidence-based cessation interventions are utilized by and are effective among PLWH. Aims and Methods This secondary data analysis aimed to examine differences in Quitline treatment enrollment and 6-month cessation outcomes among smokers seeking care at 1 HIV clinic and 12 non-HIV clinics that were part of a large healthcare system in the greater Houston, Texas metropolitan area, United States. Data were from a 34-month (April 2013–February 2016) one-group implementation trial that evaluated the Ask-Advise-Connect (AAC) approach to linking smokers with Quitline treatment. Primary outcomes included (1) treatment enrollment and (2) 6-month self-reported and biochemically confirmed abstinence. Results The smoking status of 218 915 unique patients was recorded in the electronic health record; 5285 (2.7%) of these patients were seen at the HIV clinic where the smoking prevalence was 45.9%; smoking prevalence at the non-HIV clinics was 17.9%. The proportion of identified smokers who enrolled in treatment was 10.8% at the HIV clinic and 11.8% at the non-HIV clinics. The self-reported abstinence rate was 18.7% among HIV clinic patients and 16.5% among non-HIV clinic patients. Biochemically confirmed abstinence was lower at 4.2% and 4.5%, respectively (all ps &gt; .05). Conclusions AAC resulted in rates of Quitline treatment enrollment and abstinence rates that were comparable among patients seen at an HIV clinic and non-HIV clinics. Findings suggest that AAC should be considered for widespread implementation in HIV clinics. Implications PLWH were as likely as other patients to enroll in evidence-based tobacco cessation treatment when it was offered in the context of a primary care visit. Cessation outcomes were also comparable. Therefore, standard care for PLWH should include routine screening for smoking status and referrals to cessation treatment.

scholarly journals Systematic identification and referral of smokers attending HIV ambulatory care highlights the failure of current service provision in an at-risk population

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000395
Author(s):  
James Brown ◽  
Christianna Kyriacou ◽  
Elisha Pickett ◽  
Kelly Edwards ◽  
Hemal Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to smoke than the general population and are at greater risk of smoking-related illness. Healthcare services need to address this burden of preventable disease.MethodsWe evaluated the impact of a brief intervention that asked service users about smoking when they attended for ambulatory HIV care in London, UK, and offered referral to smoking cessation.ResultsOverall, 1548 HIV-positive individuals were asked about their smoking status over a 12-month period. Of this group, 385 (25%) reported that they were current smokers, 372 (97%) were offered referral to smoking cessation services and 154 (40%) accepted this. We established an outcome of referral for 114 (74%) individuals. A total of 36 (10% of smokers) attended stop smoking clinics and 16 (4%) individuals were recorded as having quit smoking.DiscussionThe simple intervention of asking PLWH about tobacco smoking and offering referral to smoking cessation services rapidly identified current smokers, 40% of whom accepted referral to smoking cessation services. This highlights the importance of promoting behaviour and lifestyle changes with every contact with health services. However, a large proportion of those referred were either not seen in local services or the outcome of referral could not be ascertained. If the risk of smoking-related morbidity among PLWH is to be reduced, more sustainable referral pathways and ways of improving uptake of smoking cessation services must be developed.

scholarly journals Non-thermal plasma modulates cellular markers associated with immunogenicity in a model of latent HIV-1 infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247125
Author(s):  
Hager Mohamed ◽  
Ramona Clemen ◽  
Eric Freund ◽  
Jan-Wilm Lackmann ◽  
Kristian Wende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Cellular Markers ◽  
Latent Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Effective control of infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), requires continuous and life-long use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) by people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). In the absence of ART, HIV-1 reemergence from latently infected cells is ineffectively suppressed due to suboptimal innate and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. However, ART-free control of HIV-1 infection may be possible if the inherent immunological deficiencies can be reversed or restored. Herein we present a novel approach for modulating the immune response to HIV-1 that involves the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), which is an ionized gas containing various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). J-Lat cells were used as a model of latent HIV-1 infection to assess the effects of NTP application on viral latency and the expression of pro-phagocytic and pro-chemotactic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Exposure of J-Lat cells to NTP resulted in stimulation of HIV-1 gene expression, indicating a role in latency reversal, a necessary first step in inducing adaptive immune responses to viral antigens. This was accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ); the display of pro-phagocytic markers calreticulin (CRT), heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 and 90; and a correlated increase in macrophage phagocytosis of NTP-exposed J-Lat cells. In addition, modulation of surface molecules that promote or inhibit antigen presentation was also observed, along with an altered array of displayed peptides on MHC I, further suggesting methods by which NTP may modify recognition and targeting of cells in latent HIV-1 infection. These studies represent early progress toward an effective NTP-based ex vivo immunotherapy to resolve the dysfunctions of the immune system that enable HIV-1 persistence in PLWH.

scholarly journals Monthly or Weekly Supplementation with Cholecalciferol 20,000 IU in People Living with HIV: Results from a Nested Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Noe ◽  
Christine I. Moeckel ◽  
Christiane Schwerdtfeger ◽  
Celia Oldenbuettel ◽  
Hans Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Weekly Dose ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background. There is still considerable uncertainty in handling vitamin D deficiency in people living with HIV (PLWH), due to a lack of comparative data and the wide range of recommended daily intake. Nondaily supplementation might be preferred in many PLWH, but recommendation on dosing has not been established. We aimed to compare the efficacy of weekly versus monthly supplementation with cholecalciferol 20,000 IU in a group of PLWH with vitamin D deficiency in Western Europe. Study Design. Longitudinal, retrospective nested cohort study of PLWH from two large clinical care centers in Munich, Germany. Results. Of 307 patients with vitamin D deficiency, 124 patients received vitamin D supplementation (weekly supplementation in 84 (67.7%)). 46.4% and 22.5% of patients achieved 25(OH)D levels ≥30 ng/mL after 12 months of weekly and monthly supplementation with cholecalciferol 20,000 IU, respectively (p=0.011). Dosing interval as well as 25(OH)D baseline levels >15 ng/mL were associated with the normalization of 25(OH)D. Conclusion. A higher rate of 25(OH)D level normalization can be achieved via weekly supplementation. For several PLWH, even a weekly dose of cholecalciferol 20,000 IU might not be adequate to maintain 25(OH)D levels >30 ng/mL without an initial “loading” dose. The response to supplementation is poorly predictable at an individual level.

scholarly journals Comparable Vδ2 Cell Functional Characteristics in Virally Suppressed People Living with HIV and Uninfected Individuals

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Clohosey ◽  
Brendan T. Mann ◽  
Paul L. Ryan ◽  
Tatiyana V. Apanasovich ◽  
Sanjay B. Maggirwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Repertoire Diversity ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Living With Hiv

Crosstalk between innate and adaptive pathways is a critical component to developing an effective, lasting immune response. Among natural effector cells, innate-like γδ T cells promote immunity by facilitating communication between the two compartments and exerting cytotoxic effector functions. Dysregulation of γδ T cell populations is a byproduct of primary Humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This is most pronounced in the depletion and loss of function within cells expressing a Vγ9Vδ2 TCR (Vδ2 cells). Whether or not prolonged viral suppression mediated by antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reverse these effects has yet to be determined. In this study, we present evidence of similar Vδ2 cell functional responses within a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) that has been stably suppressed for >1 year and uninfected donors. Through the use of aminobisphosphonate drugs, we were able to generate a comprehensive comparison between ex vivo and expanded Vδ2 cells within each group. Both groups had largely similar compositions of memory and effector phenotypes, post-expansion TCR repertoire diversity, and cytotoxic capabilities. Our findings support the notion that ART promotes the recovery of Vδ2 polyfunctionality and provides insight for strategies aiming to reconstitute the full immune response after infection with HIV.

scholarly journals Identification of two different coagulation phenotypes in people living with HIV with undetectable viral replication

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asbjørn Fink ◽  
Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen ◽  
Rebekka Faber Thudium ◽  
Jakob Hjorth Von Stemann ◽  
Shoaib Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Infection Study

AbstractAltered coagulation has been reported in people living with HIV (PLWH) with ongoing viral replication and may predispose to cardiovascular diseases. However, less is known about coagulation in PLWH with undetectable viral replication. In a cross-sectional observational study, we investigated whether HIV infection with undetectable viral replication is independently associated with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and coagulation factor II–VII–X concentrations out of reference. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of HIV infection with APTT and coagulation factor II–VII–X, after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, diabetes and hsCRP. 936 PLWH with undetectable viral replication from the Copenhagen Co-morbidity in HIV infection study (COCOMO-study) and 2955 uninfected controls were included. Higher prevalence of short APTT was found in PLWH compared to controls (13.5% vs. 7.6%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, higher prevalence of low coagulation factor II–VII–X was found in PLWH than in controls (9.6% vs. 7.4%, P = 0.022). HIV was independently associated with short APTT (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.3 (95% CI 1.7–2.9), P < 0.001) and low coagulation factor II–VII–X (aOR 1.4 (95% CI 1.0–1.9), P = 0.046). Few participants among PLWH and controls had both short APTT and low coagulation factor II–VII–X, 2.1% vs. 0.8%, respectively. We found evidence of both procoagulant (short APTT) and anticoagulant (low coagulation factor II–VII–X) alterations in PLWH with undetectable viral replication, and our findings suggest that two different coagulation phenotypes exist in participants with treated HIV infection.

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