scholarly journals Prediction of B20 Storage Tank Precipitate Removal Based on Biodiesel Monoglyceride Content

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Misri Gozan ◽  
Imam Paryanto ◽  
Muhammad Arif Darmawan ◽  
Muhammad Sahlan ◽  
Heri Hermansyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Measuring Cylinder ◽  
Precipitation Behaviour ◽  
Cooling Chamber ◽  
Fuel Filter ◽  
Filter Clogging

Precipitate in B20 fuel stored in storage tanks can accumulate at the bottom level of the tank and affect the fuel filter, clogging in the fuel distribution and engine system. This study examines the precipitate formation prediction in B20 fuel based on the monoglyceride content in biodiesel. This research used a modified CSFT method of ASTM D7501 for the precipitation test. Monopalmitin was added to biodiesel with a variation of monoglyceride content. Each biodiesel sample was then blended with petroleum diesel fuel to produce two groups of samples. Each sample was separately soaked in the cooling chamber at constant and room temperature for 21 days. The bottom layer of each B20 fuel sample stored in the measuring cylinder was then pipetted and filtered, washed with petro-ether, vacuum-dried, and weighed for a constant amount of precipitate retained on the filter. The simulation results show that the ratios between the amount of collected precipitate at the bottom layer of the 2-liter measuring cylinder and the total amount of collected precipitate for the 2-liter measuring cylinder increased with the monoglyceride content biodiesel. This ratio was used to predict the amount of accumulated sludge for a given volume of B20 fuel loaded into the storage tank. This study shows the effect of monoglyceride content on the precipitation behaviour in the storage tank concerning general tank storage dimension parameters and B20 loading frequency. This approach can be applied to estimate the sludge removal frequency for biodiesel storage.

Low Cycle Tension-Tension Fatigue Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Thin Sheets

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 832-835
Author(s):  
Yong Jie Liu ◽  
Qing Yuan Wang ◽  
Ren Hui Tian ◽  
Xiao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Tensile Fatigue

In this paper, tensile fatigue properties of 316L stainless steel thin sheets with a thickness of 0.1 mm are studied. The tests are implemented by using micro mechanical fatigue testing sysytem (MMT-250N) at room temperature under tension-tension cyclic loading. The S-N curve of the thin sheets descends continuously at low cycle region. Cyclic σ-N curve and ε-N curve are obtained according to the classical macroscopical fatigue theory. The results agree well with the experimental fatigue data, showing that the traditional fatigue research methods are also suitable for description of MEMS fatigue in a certain extent. The effect factor of frequency was considered in this study and the results show that the fatiuge life and the fatigue strength are increased as loading frequency increasing.

scholarly journals The effect of loading frequency on the cyclic mechanical behavior of polyethylene

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
Thao Song Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Nhung Thi Tuyet Le
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Ratcheting Strain ◽  
Accumulated Strain ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

An experimental investigation into ratcheting strain and stress-strain hysteresis loop in stress-controlled cyclic tensile tests at room temperature was performed to determine the effect of loading frequency on the cyclic mechanical behavior of highdensity polyethylene (HDPE). It was found that frequencies ranging from 0.01 Hz up to 1 Hz mostly affects the accumulated strain over related time scales (i.e that of the cycle itself) and not over long time scale (i.e. during the full test). In addition, the higher the frequency is, the more closed and vertical the loops are. Furthermore, the frequency affects only on the kinetics of stabilization of ratcheting strain but not on one of hysteresis loop.

REDUCED LEAKAGE CURRENT AND ENHANCED MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF (Bi,Nd)FeO3 THIN FILMS GROWN ON (Ba,Sr)TiO3 BOTTOM LAYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250032 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. MA ◽  
X. G. TANG ◽  
D. G. CHEN ◽  
Q. X. LIU ◽  
Y. P. JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bottom Electrode ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Low Leakage Current ◽  
Multiferroic Heterostructure

A multiferroic heterostructure composed of ( Bi 0.875 Nd 0.125) FeO 3 (BNF) are grown on ( Ba 0.65 Sr 0.35) TiO 3(BST) buffered Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrate by rf-magnetron sputtering. The heterostructure BNF/BST exhibits a quite low leakage current (3.7 × 10-7 A/cm2 at 300 kV/cm) and dielectric loss (0.0036 at 100 kHz) at room temperature. The saturated magnetization and the coercive field of the BST/BNF heterostructure are 37.7 emu/cm3 and 357.6 Oe, respectively. The low leakage current owed to the action of BST in the charge transfer between BNF and the bottom electrode, the coupling reaction between BST and BNF films. And the better crystallization in BNF/BST heterostructure thin film lead to the ferromagnetic properties enhanced.

Light-Weight Mechanism of Pressure Strengthening of Cryogenic Vessels From Austenitic Stainless Steel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunjie Lu ◽  
Gai Huang ◽  
Yingzhe Wu ◽  
Huiming Ding ◽  
Jinyang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Strength Enhancement ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Strength Increment

Pressure Strengthening (PS) is a technology widely used to increase the allowable stress and thus reduce the weight of Austenitic Stainless Steel (ASS) cryogenic vessels. Pre-strain and low temperature are two important factors enhancing the strength. However, standards such as EN 13458-2, ASME VIII-I, AS 1210 and ISO 21009-1, state that the strengthening is based on work hardening of ASS, while the effect of low temperature was ignored or not mentioned. Therefore, in this work, the influence of low temperature on cryogenic mechanical properties of S30408 stainless steel and its welded joints were studied firstly, then a numerical analysis on the influence of pressure strengthening of a large transportable cryogenic storage tank was conducted. Finally, after the technical significance of PS was discussed, a new understanding was proposed. Conclusions come that: (a) At room temperature, the strength of ASS can be increased by pre-strain; while at −196 °C, the strengthening of low temperature plays a leading role (2/3 or more) for strength increment; (b) The purpose of PS technique is to stabilize the dimensions of the internal vessel. It is unnecessary to consider insufficient strengthening or over strengthening at different location because the strength enhancement is mainly due to low temperatures.

Effects of Stress Frequency and Stress Ratio on the Fatigue of Glass/Epoxy Composite Materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 1031-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Fa Hwang ◽  
Yi Der Su
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Glass Fiber Composites ◽  
Stress Ratios

Composite materials using polymer resins as matrices have viscoelastic behavior. This behavior has effects on the fatigue properties of composite materials. Therefore, one can accelerate the fatigue testing if the loading frequency or temperature is changed. The purpose of this work is to investigate the accelerated fatigue properties of glass/fiber composites. In order to establish the accelerated fatigue properties of glass/epoxy composites, the fatigue testing of unidirectional specimens with different angles is conducted at room temperature under different stresses, stress frequencies, and stress ratios. The results indicate that the fatigue life increases with the increasing of stress frequency or stress ratio for the three types of unidirectional specimens. The reasons for these increasing effects are also discussed.

scholarly journals A new model for sizing thermosiphon solar heating systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e382985673
Author(s):  
Antônio Marcos de Oliveira Siqueira ◽  
Alexandre Gurgel ◽  
Zeji Ge ◽  
Fernando Ariel Colque ◽  
Gabriel Siqueira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Load ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Operational Data

The purpose of this work is to present a simple methodology which enables to size a thermosyphon system without always having to resort to a computational simulation. As a result of many system simulations using the TRNSYS software, whereby several project and equipment parameters were varied, a group of expressions were obtained which allow the determination of the system thermal daily efficiency (monthly average). The developed correlation includes geometric and thermal aspects related to the collector, the storage tank and the connecting pipes, as well as operational data such as thermal load, solar radiation and room temperature. This model is able to optimize several variables that comprise thermosyphon solar water-heating systems for the requirements of particular applications. The resulting correlation shows that the efficiency is a linear function of meteorological conditions, collector quality and parameters related to storage tank volume, volume load (consumption profile) and collector area. The correlation is very useful since it is a simple, fast alternative for the calculation of system efficiency without depending on experimental determination or numerical simulation results. The determination and sizing of the collector area and the volume storage tank that satisfy the required thermal load can be appropriately performed in a simple and fast way by using the proposed correlation.

Normal and Abnormal Fracture Behaviors in Low-Cycle Fatigue of a Unidirectionally Reinforced SCS-6/SP-700 Composite

2004 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 1091-1096
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Yamazaki ◽  
A. Ikada ◽  
M. Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Matrix Alloy ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
The Matrix

Titanium alloy matrix composites (TMCs) have received considerable interest as structural materials for aeronautical applications, because of their higher specific strength and stiffness. When applying TMCs at elevated temperatures, high temperature isothermal low-cycle fatigue (LCF)failure is one of critical issues to be concerned. A unidirectionally reinforced SCS-6/ SP-700 composite is a tentative target in this work, where the matrix alloy, SP-700 is a new generation high strength Titanium alloy developed by NKK Inc., and the SCS-6 is a beta-SiC fiber developed by Textron Specially Materials, respectively. A merit to employ the SP-700 is that this alloy enables to reduce a fabrication temperature, because of its capability for superplasticity at relatively lower temperatures. The 7-plies composite specimen was produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 800°C for 0.5 hrs. in vacuum, alternating layers of thin-foils of the SP-700 and the green tapes of the SCS-6 fibers, so that the fibers were uniformly distributed as a hexagonal array in the matrix. The volume fraction of the fibers in the composite is about 28 %. In this work, the following articles in a unidirectionally reinforced SCS-6/SP-700 composite have been studied and evaluated: (i)mechanical properties of the SCS-6/SP-700 composite and the matrix alloy at temperatures ranged between room temperature and 450°C; (ii) LCF lives and the failure modes of the composite and the matrix alloy at room temperature and 450°C; (iii) fiber push-out tests at elevated temperatures ranged between room temperature and 600°C, to represent the fiber/matrix interfacial strength; and (iv) observation and the characterization of the interfacial reaction zone by means of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Based on these experimental results, the effects of temperature and the loading frequency on LCF failure of the SCS-6/SP-700 composite were discussed.

scholarly journals PERCOBAAN PENGISIAN-PENGELUARAN HIDROGEN SEBUAH TANGKI SIMPAN HIDROGEN PADAT[Research of Charging-Discharging Hydrogen of Solid Hyrogen Storage Tan]

Metalurgi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Hadi Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Hydrogen Capacity ◽  
Preliminary Study

Intisari Menyimpan hidrogen dalam bentuk padat sebagai paduan metal hidrid merupakan metoda baru untuk keperluan bahan bakar kendaraan transportasi karena memiliki densitas yang lebih besar. Sebuah tangki simpan hidrogen dengan volume sekitar 1 liter berisi serbuk nano partikel Mg2Ti5Fe6 sekitar 700 gram telah dirakit menjadi satu kesatuan dan diuji unjuk kerjanya serta dibandingkan dengan tangki kosong bervolume yang sama. Pengisian dan pengeluaran hidrogen ke dalam/luar tangki dilakukan pada suhu kamar dengan tekanan bervariasi 2, 6,5, dan 8 bar. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa rasio kapasitas serapan hidrogen tangki berisi serbuk nano partikel Mg2Ti5Fe6 terhadap tangki kosong berturut-turut 1,3, 2,3, dan 2,8. Percobaan serapan hidrogen pada tekanan lebih tinggi tidak dapat dilakukan karena keterbatasan sarana, namun apabila tekanan dalam tangki diperbesar, maka kapasitas serapan hidrogen masih akan bertambah. Dari penelitian ini ditunjukkan bahwa percobaan awal penyimpanan-pengeluaran hidrogen padat dari tangki telah berhasil baik. Penelitian lanjutan dalam bentuk pemanfaatannya di fuel cell sedang direncanakan.Kata kunci: Nano Partikel, Metal hidrid, Hydrogen Storage, Pengisian-pengeluaran. Abstract Storing hydrogen in the form of metal-hydride is one of the most promising fuels for transport vehicles because of its high gravimetric density. A solid hydrogen storage tank with the volume of tank about one liter containing about 700 g of nano powders Mg2Ti5Fe6 alloy has been fabricated for performing the hydrogen charging-discharging cycles. Charging-discharging of hydrogen into/out from the tank is conducted at room temperature at the varied pressure of 2, 6.5 and 8 bars. It is exhibited that the ratio of hydrogen capacity of the tank containing Mg2Ti5Fe6 nano particle to the empty tank is 1.3, 2.3, and 2.8, respectively. Charging experiment at higher pressure could not be conducted due to the limit of facility. It is predicted that at higher pressure the hydrogen capacity of the tank will be increased. From the experimental results it is concluded that the preliminary study on charging-discharging solid state hydrogen has been done successfully. Further examination in the form of its application in the fuel cell is being scheduled. Keyword: Nano Particle, Metal hydrid, Hydrogen Storage, Charging-discharging.

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