Cost-Effective Foam-Based Colorimetric Sensor for Roadside Testing of Alcohol in Undiluted Saliva

A novel foam-based colorimetric alcohol sensor was developed for the detection of alcohol in saliva. Detection was based on the color change of a potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid solution absorbed by melamine foam. In the presence of alcohol, the orange colorimetric sensor changed color to brown, green and, ultimately, blue, depending on the concentration of alcohol in the sample. The response of the proposed sensor toward alcohol was linear from 0.10 to 2.5% v/v. The limit of detection was 0.03% v/v. Alcohol concentration could be determined using the naked eye in the range of 0.00 to 10% v/v. The developed alcohol sensor presented good operational accuracy (RSD = 0.30–1.90%, n = 8) and good stability for 21 days when stored at 25 °C and 75 days when stored at 4 °C. The results of alcohol detection with the developed sensor showed no significant difference from the results of spectrophotometric detection at a 95% confidence level (p > 0.05). The sensor was easy to use, small, inexpensive and portable, enabling drivers to accurately measure their own blood alcohol level and providing convenient speed in forensic applications.

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Green Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Ag-rGO Nanocomposites for Highly Selective Mercury (II) Sensing

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681207666170705143629 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 101-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shubhangi J. Mane-Gavade ◽

Sandip R. Sabale ◽

Xiao-Ying Yu ◽

Gurunath H. Nikam ◽

Bhaskar V. Tamhankar

Keyword(s):

Green Synthesis ◽

Color Change ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Suitable Condition ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

Calibration Plot ◽

First Time

Introduction: Herein we report the green synthesis and characterization of silverreduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Ag-rGO) using Acacia nilotica gum for the first time. Experimental: We demonstrate the Hg2+ ions sensing ability of the Ag-rGO nanocomposites form aqueous medium. The developed colorimetric sensor method is simple, fast and selective for the detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous media in presence of other associated ions. A significant color change was noticed with naked eye upon Hg2+ addition. The color change was not observed for cations including Sr2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Ba2+ and Mn2+indicating that only Hg2+ shows a strong interaction with Ag-rGO nanocomposites. Under the most suitable condition, the calibration plot (A0-A) against concentration of Hg2+ was linear in the range of 0.1-1.0 ppm with a correlation coefficient (R2) value 0.9998. Results & Conclusion The concentration of Hg2+ was quantitatively determined with the Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.85 ppm. Also, this method shows excellent selectivity towards Hg2+ over nine other cations tested. Moreover, the method offers a new cost effective, rapid and simple approach for the detection of Hg2+ in water samples.

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Epidemiology of alcohol-related accidental death in Tokyo Metropolitan area (2015)

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1177/0025802419843457 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 4-10

Author(s):

Hideto Suzuki ◽

Takanobu Tanifuji ◽

Satoko Kimura ◽

Tatsushige Fukunaga

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Alcohol Group ◽

Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Primary Type ◽

At Home

Background Alcohol consumption may be a risk factor for accidental deaths; however, characteristics of alcohol-related deaths are unclear. We investigated characteristics of alcohol-related accidental deaths to facilitate target strategies. Methods In this article, 1060 cases of accidental deaths examined by the Tokyo Medical Examiner’s Office (2015) were divided into two groups: deceased individuals who drank alcohol (alcohol; n = 212) and those who did not (control; n = 848). Age, sex, alcohol consumption patterns, and manners/causes of deaths were compared. Places where individuals in the alcohol group met with an accident, and their blood alcohol concentration was assessed. Results Lower mean age (60.5 vs. 73.7 years) and a higher male ratio (75.9% vs. 58.5%) were observed in the alcohol group. Daily alcohol consumption was more common in the alcohol group (70.8% vs. 13.4%). Falling was the leading cause of death in the alcohol group, but without a significant difference (alcohol: 31.6%, control: 30.4%). Incidence rates of drowning (22.2% vs. 7.9%) and poisoning (11.3% vs. 2.0%) were significantly higher in the alcohol group. The mean blood alcohol concentration was 1.6 mg/mL. Of the total alcohol-related accidents, 60.8% occurred at home. Falling down the stairs was the primary type of falling, and majority of drownings occurred in a bathtub. Conclusion Male habitual drinkers (middle-aged to older adults) should be targeted to prevent alcohol-related accidental deaths. More than 50% of deaths occurred at home and care should be taken when performing daily activities, including using stairs and while bathing.

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Colorimetric Measurement of Deltamethrin Pesticide Using a Paper Sensor Based on Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings12010038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Jingyang Zhu ◽

Lifeng Yin ◽

Weiyi Zhang ◽

Meilian Chen ◽

Dongsheng Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Color Change ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Colorimetric Sensor ◽

Detection Mechanism ◽

Colorimetric Measurement ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Pyrethroid Pesticides ◽

Paper Sensor

Deltamethrin (DEL) is one of the most commonly used pyrethroid pesticides that can cause serious harms to the ecological environment and human health. Herein, we have developed a paper-based colorimetric sensor impregnated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for on-site determination of DEL pesticide. AuNPs show obvious color change on paper device with the presence of DEL. Measuring the gray intensity of the AuNPs on the reaction zone of the paper sensor allows accurate quantitative analysis. The detection mechanism of DEL on paper sensor was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Under optimal conditions, the colorimetric sensor exhibited high sensitivity, rapid detection, and low detection limit within the values stipulated by Chinese detection standards (LOD = 0.584 mg/L). Besides, detecting DEL in vegetable and fruit samples also gave satisfying results, which were much consistent with those obtained by spectrophotometry. Overall, this work provided a user-friendly, cost-effective and visualized detection platform, which could be applied to rapidly detect DEL pesticides in the food safety field.

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Fabrication of Carbon Disulfide Added Colloidal Gold Colorimetric Sensor for the Rapid and On-Site Detection of Biogenic Amines

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1738

Author(s):

Namhyeok Choi ◽

Bumjun Park ◽

Min Ji Lee ◽

Reddicherla Umapathi ◽

Seo Yeong Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Biogenic Amines ◽

Carbon Disulfide ◽

Colloidal Gold ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Colorimetric Sensor ◽

Single Time ◽

Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles

Meat is often wasted due to the perceived concerns of its shelf life and preservation. Specifically, in meat formation, biogenic amines (BAs) are the major agents to spoil them. Herein, we have developed a carbon disulfide (CS2) added colloidal gold nanoparticles-based colorimetric sensor for the rapid and on-site detection of biogenic amines. Transmission electron microscopy is used to observe the morphological changes in colloidal gold nanoparticles and aggregation behavior of CS2 added to the colloidal gold nanoparticles’ solution. Raman spectroscopic analysis is further used to characterize the peaks of CS2, Cad and CS2-Cad molecules. Absorption spectroscopy is used to estimate the colorimetric differences and diffuse reflectance spectra of the samples. The sensing analysis is performed systematically in the presence and absence of CS2. CS2 added colloidal gold nanoparticles colorimetric sensor detected the BAs with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 50.00 µM. Furthermore, the developed sensor has shown an LOD of 50.00 µM for the detection of multiple BAs at a single time. The observed differences in the colorimetric and absorption signals indicate that the structure of BAs is converted to the dithiocarbamate (DTC)-BA molecule, due to the chemical reactions between the amine groups of BAs and CS2. Significantly, the developed colorimetric sensor offers distinct features such as facile fabrication approach, on-site sensing strategy, rapid analysis, visual detection, cost-effective, possibility of mass production, availability to detect multiple BAs at a single time and appreciable sensitivity. The developed sensor can be effectively used as a promising and alternative on-site tool for the estimation of BAs.

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Breathalyzer Enabled Ignition Interlock System

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v54.796 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Herlina Abdul Rahim ◽

Syed Daud Syed Hassan ◽

Zulkifli Mohd Yusop ◽

Kim Seng Chia ◽

Noramli Abdul Razak

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Source Code ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Vital Role ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Software Component ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Breath Sample ◽

Alcohol Sensor ◽

Interlock System

Pengesan alkohol atau lebih dikenali sebagai ‘breathalyzer’ memainkan peranan penting dalam memantau kepekatan alkohol dalam aliran darah seseorang. Projek ini adalah merekebentuk dan membangunkan ‘breathalyzer’ yang disambungkan ke suis pencucuhan (ignition) Modul perkakasan adalah termasuk mikrokontroler PIC16F877A, sensor alkohol, panel LCD dan litar suis pencucuhan. Komponen perisian adalah pengaturcaraan dan kod yang di programkan ke pengawal mikro PIC. Apabila diaktifkan, sistem ini mampu mengesan kepekatan alkohol didalam sampel nafas seseorang dan memaparkan jumlah yang dikesan dalam peratusan BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) pada panel LCD. Kemudian, dalam linkungan yang telah ditetapkan, sistem akan membuat pilihan samada menghidupkan atau mematikan litar suis pencucuhan. Kata kunci: Pengesan alcohol; kepekatan alkohol dalam darah; pencucuhan; alcohol; mabuk A breath alcohol detector or better known as a breathalyzer plays a vital role in monitoring alcohol concentration in a person’s bloodstream. This project involves the design and development of a breathalyzer device which controls an ignition switch. The hardware modules include the PIC16F877A microcontroller, alcohol sensor, LCD panel and ignition switch circuitry. The software component includes the programming and source code which is implemented via the PIC microcontroller. Upon assembly, the system is able to detect the alcohol concentration in a person’s breath sample and displays the detected amount in terms of BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) percentage on the LCD panel. According to the amount, the system decides whether to enable or disable the ignition switch circuitry. Key words: Breathalyzer; blood alcohol concentration; ignition; alcohol; drunk

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Ranolazine-Functionalized Copper Nanoparticles as a Colorimetric Sensor for Trace Level Detection of As3+

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9010083 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 83 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gul Laghari ◽

Ayman Nafady ◽

Sameerah Al-Saeedi ◽

Sirajuddin ◽

Syed Sherazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Copper Nanoparticles ◽

Color Change ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Colorimetric Sensor ◽

Spherical Particles ◽

Localized Surface Plasmon ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Dark Green ◽

Average Size

This study involves environmentally friendly synthesis of copper nanoparticles in aqueous medium without inert gas protection, using ranolazine as a capping material. UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry showed that ranolazine-derived copper nanoparticles (Rano-Cu NPs) demonstrate a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band at 573 nm with brick-red color under optimized parameters, including pH, reaction time, and concentrations of copper salt, hydrazine hydrate, and ranolazine. The coating of ranolazine on the surface of Cu NPs was studied via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that Rano-Cu NPs consist of spherical particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified that Rano-Cu NPs are crystalline in nature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the average size of Rano-Cu NPs was 40 ± 2 nm in the range of 22–95 nm. Rano-Cu NPs proved to be highly sensitive as a selective colorimetric sensor for As3+ via color change from brick red to dark green, in the linear range of 3.0 × 10−7 to 8.3 × 10−6 M, with an R² value of 0.9979. The developed sensor is simple, cost effective, highly sensitive, and extremely selective for As3+ detection, showing a low detection limit (LDL) of 1.6 × 10−8 M. The developed sensor was effectively tested for detection of As3+ in some water samples.

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The Characteristics of Alcohol Pharmacokinetics of Korean Female

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1681 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S462-S462

Author(s):

B. Nam ◽

Y.J. Kwon ◽

K.H. Lee ◽

D.I. Jon ◽

I. Shon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Absorption Rate ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Elimination Rate ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Alcohol Metabolism ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Significant Difference

IntroductionThe systematized and proper sized research of alcohol pharmacokinetics in Korean has not reported ever.Objectives and aimAim of this study is to measure the β value and alcohol pharmacokinetic factors in Korean adult female and the relationship between the β value and some variables including age, smoking, total body water, drinking capacity, BMI, blood cholesterol, body fat and body fat ratio.MethodsNinety-one subjects were randomly divided into two groups. One group was provided as much as 0.35 mg/mL/kg of alcohol and the other as much as 0.70 mg/mL/kg, and blood alcohol concentration was measured 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after the women finished drinking.ResultsThe subjects’ mean alcohol elimination rate (β) was −0.002379 mg/100 mL·h, and there was no statistically significant difference in elimination rate between the two groups. The mean time to reach maximum blood alcohol concentration was 45 minutes, alcohol absorption rate was 0.1123 ± 0.1799 g/L/min, and the area under the concentration curve was 109.15 ± 62.95. Among the factors that correlated with alcohol metabolism, alcohol absorption rate and follicle-stimulating hormone were statistically significant, but age, body mass index, and body fat percentage were not significantly correlated with alcohol metabolism.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the β values for healthy Korean females can differ from the cut-offs that are currently used in Korea, which suggests that the legal limit for driving under intoxication should be adjusted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Paper-Based Vapor Detection of Formaldehyde: Colorimetric Sensing with High Sensitivity

Chemosensors ◽

10.3390/chemosensors9120335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Chenglong Liao ◽

Miao Zhang ◽

Nan Gao ◽

Qingyun Tian ◽

Jiangfan Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Air Quality ◽

Color Change ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Colorimetric Sensor ◽

Thymol Blue ◽

Vapor Concentration ◽

Ph Indicators ◽

Quality Threshold

We report on a novel colorimetric sensor system for highly sensitive detection of formaldehyde (FA) in the gas phase. The sensor is constructed with paper towel as a substrate coated with the sulfuric acid salt of hydroxylamine ((NH2OH)2·H2SO4) together with two pH indicators, bromophenol blue and thymol blue. Upon exposure to FA, the hydroxylamine will react with the absorbed FA to form a Schiff base (H2C=N-OH), thus releasing a stoichiometric amount of sulfuric acid, which in turn induces a color change of the pH indicator. Such a color change was significantly enriched by incorporating two pH indicators in the system. With the optimized molar ratio of the two pH indicators, the color change (from brown to yellow, and to red) could become so dramatic as to be visible to the eye depending on the concentration of FA. In particular, under 80 ppb of FA (the air quality threshold set by WHO) the color of the sensor substrate changes from brown to yellow, which can even be envisioned clearly by the naked eyes. By using a color reader, the observed color change can be measured quantitatively as a function of the vapor concentration of FA, which produces a linear relationship as fitted with the data points. This helps estimate the limit of detection (LOD), to be 10 ppb under an exposure time of 10 min, which is much lower than the air quality threshold set by WHO. The reported sensor also demonstrates high selectivity towards FA with no color change observed when exposed to other common chemicals, including solvents and volatile organic compounds. With its high sensitivity and selectivity, the proposed paper-based colorimetric sensor thus developed can potentially be employed as a low-cost and disposable detection kit that may find broad application in detecting FA in indoor air and many other environments.

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Influence of alcohol consumption on blood coagulation in rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM): an in-vivo study

Korean Journal of Anesthesiology ◽

10.4097/kja.20071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 334-341

Author(s):

Hendrik Eismann ◽

Lion Sieg ◽

Hala Ahmed ◽

Joerg Teske ◽

Patrick Behrendt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Maximum Amplitude ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Ethanol Ingestion ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Rotational Thromboelastometry ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Twenty-five to 85% of trauma patients are under the influence of alcohol in addition to experiencing injury-related coagulation impairment. Viscoelastic point-of-care tests (thrombelastography [TEG], rotational thromboelastometry [ROTEM]) are popular tools for rapid hemostasis assessment and therapeutic decision-making in this and other settings. While alcohol affects these tests in-vitro, their specific effects in-vivo are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of alcohol ingestion on ROTEM parameters.Methods: Twenty volunteers provided informed consent to drinking red wine, whisk(e)y, or vodka to a target blood alcohol concentration of 1 ‰ within one hour, calculated with the Widmark formula. Blood samples were collected before drinking, at a breath alcohol concentration of 0.5 ‰, and at 1.0 ‰, but no later than one hour. After each blood collection, ExTEM and FibTEM tests were performed directly "at the bedside."Results: All participants had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.00 ‰ at the beginning. The mean BACs at the second and third collection were 0.48 and 0.76 ‰, respectively. There were no significant differences in the ExTEM parameters. FibTEM measurements showed a significant difference at the A10 value (13.0 vs. 14.0 mm, P = 0.014) and a trend at the maximum amplitude (maximum clot firmness [MCF] 13.7 vs. 16.2 mm, P = 0.075). We saw no significant differences in fibrinolysis parameters and no hyperfibrinolysis in our ROTEM measurements.Conclusions: Ethanol ingestion can impair early fibrin polymerization. These results might be of special relevance in trauma and support routine application of ROTEM/TEG in such cases.

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Laser Influence on Dental Sensitivity Compared to Other Light Sources Used During In-office Dental Bleaching: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/19-064-l ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 589-597

Author(s):

BGS Casado ◽

EP Pellizzer ◽

JR Souto Maior ◽

CAA Lemos ◽

BCE Vasconcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Color Change ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Present Review ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Light Sources ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Meta Analyses

Clinical Relevance The use of laser light during bleaching will not reduce the incidence or severity of sensitivity and will not increase the degree of color change compared with nonlaser light sources. SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate whether the use of laser during in-office bleaching promotes a reduction in dental sensitivity after bleaching compared with other light sources. Methods: The present review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and is registered with PROSPERO (CDR42018096591). Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published up to August 2018. Only randomized clinical trials among adults that compared the use of laser during in-office whitening and other light sources were considered eligible. Results: After analysis of the texts retrieved during the database search, six articles met the eligibility criteria and were selected for the present review. For the outcome dental sensitivity, no significant difference was found favoring any type of light either for intensity (mean difference [MD]: −1.60; confidence interval [CI]: −3.42 to 0.22; p=0.09) or incidence (MD: 1.00; CI: 0.755 to 1.33; p=1.00). Regarding change in tooth color, no significant differences were found between the use of the laser and other light sources (MD: −2.22; CI: −6.36 to 1.93; p=0.29). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, laser exerts no influence on tooth sensitivity compared with other light sources when used during in-office bleaching. The included studies demonstrated that laser use during in-office bleaching may have no influence on tooth color change.

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