scholarly journals Does Participation in Sports Influence the Prevalence of and Initiation into Multiple Substance Misuse in Adolescence? A Two-Year Prospective Analysis

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Natasa Zenic ◽  
Martina Rezic ◽  
Ivana Cerkez Zovko ◽  
Hrvoje Vlahovic ◽  
Tine Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Competitive Success ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Sports Selection

Concurrent smoking and harmful drinking (CSHD) in adolescence is an important public health and social problem, while participation in sports is considered as being protective against CSHD. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the influence of various facets of sports participation on the prevalence of and initiation into CSHD of adolescents. Participants were adolescents from southern Croatia (n = 711, 43.6% females, 16 years of age at study baseline), who were tested at baseline and at follow-up (two years later). Variables included gender, age, sports factors (participation in individual and team sports, sport experience, competitive success, intensity of involvement in sports), and CSHD. The CSHD prevalence did not increase significantly over the course of the study (from 5.6% to 7.5%, p > 0.05). Binomial logistic regression with age and gender as covariates suggested that team sports participation correlated to CSHD prevalence at baseline, and follow-up, with higher risk for CSHD among those adolescents who quit team sports (OR = 9.18 and 2.68, 95%CI = 2.04–22.26 and 1.05–6.83 for baseline and follow-up, respectively), and those never involved in team sports (OR = 9.00 and 3.70, 95%CI = 2.07–39.16 and 1.57–8.72 for baseline and follow-up, respectively). A higher risk of CSHD at baseline was seen among those adolescents who were involved in sports for longer (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.16–2.38). The results are discussed in the context of the fact that the study included adolescents at the age of rigid sports selection (the transition from youth to professional-level sports). Since the majority of participants began CSHD at an earlier age, further studies in subjects of a younger age range are warranted.

scholarly journals Are Sports-Related Factors Correlated to the Prevalence and Initiation of Illicit Drug Misuse in Adolescence? Prospective Study in Older Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Zubak ◽  
Admir Terzic ◽  
Natasa Zenic ◽  
Ljerka Ostojic ◽  
Ivana Zubak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Individual Sports

Sport participation is considered as a factor of potential influence on illicit drug misuse (IDM) in adolescence, but there is an evident lack of studies which prospectively investigated this problem. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the sports-related factors related to IDM and the initiation of IDM among older adolescents. The participants were 436 adolescents (202 females; 16 years old at study baseline). They were tested at baseline and follow-up (two years later). The predictors included variables associated with different facets of sports participation and success in sports. The criteria were (i) baseline IDM, (ii) follow-up IDM, and (iii) initiation of IDM between baseline and follow-up. Crude and adjusted (controlled for parental conflict, age, socioeconomic status, and gender) logistic regressions were applied to establish correlations between predictors and criteria. There were higher odds for baseline IDM in adolescents who quit individual sports (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.3-13.9), who had better competitive sports achievements (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.3), and those involved in sports for a longer time (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.5). The IDM at follow-up was more prevalent in adolescents who were involved in sports for a longer time (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6). Initiation of drug use was predicted by longer experience in sports (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.1). Sports-related factors were more negatively than positively related to illicit drug use. Most probably, the transition from junior to senior level in sports put specific stress on those adolescents who were highly committed to sports until that time, but who then had to question their own sports abilities and future potential in sports. Sport-authorities should be informed on established results and specific public-health efforts aimed at preventing IDM in athletic adolescents are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Tracking of Physical Activity, Sport Participation, and Sedentary Behaviors over Four Years of High School

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Štefan ◽  
Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković ◽  
Antonela Devrnja ◽  
Hrvoje Podnar ◽  
Vilko Petrić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Gender

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent of tracking of physical activity (PA), sports participation (SP), and sedentary behaviors (SB) over four years of high school education among the Croatian Physical Activity in Adolescence Longitudinal Study (CRO-PALS) cohort. Methods: In this investigation, participants were 844 high school students (15.6 years at baseline; 49% girls). The SHAPES questionnaire was used to assess PA, SP, and SB at ages 15, 16, 17, and 18 and tracking was assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Tracking coefficients for PA were similar in both sexes, ranged from 0.49 to 0.61, and indicated moderate tracking, while the tracking of SB tended to be somewhat higher over the four years of follow-up (β = 0.60–0.72). Youth that participated in sports at baseline had a 16 to 28 times higher odds of continued participation at follow-up, depending on the type of sport and gender. Finally, both low physical activity and high screen time showed strong tracking in both genders. Conclusion: PA and SB tracked moderately between ages 15 and 18. Moreover, the strong tracking of low PA and high screen time indicates that the detection of these risk factors at the beginning of high school should be advocated.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine in Vietnamese Health-Care Workers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Vinh Chau ◽  
Lam Anh Nguyet ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Truong ◽  
Le Mau Toan ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Age Range

We studied the immunogenicity of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in health-care workers of a major infectious diseases hospital in Vietnam. We measured neutralizing antibodies before and 14 days after each dose, and at day 28 and month 3 after dose 1. A total of 554 workers (136 men and 418 women; age range, 22–71 years; median age, 36 years) participated with the study. Of the 144 participants selected for follow-up after dose 1, 104 and 94 gave blood for antibody measurement at weeks 6 and 8, and at month 3 after dose 1, respectively. The window time between the two doses was 6 weeks. At baseline, none had detectable neutralizing antibodies. After dose 1, the proportion of participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 27.3% (151 of 554) at day 14 to 78.0% (432 of 554) at day 28. Age correlated negatively with the development and the levels of neutralizing antibodies. However, at day 28, these differences were less profound, and women had a greater seroconversion rate and greater levels of neutralizing antibodies than men. After dose 2, these age and gender associations were not observable. In addition, the proportion of study participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 70.2% (73 of 104) before dose 2 (week 6, after dose 1) to 98.1% (102 of 104) 14 days later. At month 3, neutralizing antibodies decreased and 94.7% (89 of 94) of the study participants remained seropositive. The Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is immunogenic in Vietnamese health-care workers. These data are critical to informing the deployment of the COVID-19 vaccine in Vietnam and in Southeast Asia, where vaccination coverage remains inadequate.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Different Spinal Disorders Presenting to Neurosurgical Department of Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADNAN AHMED ◽  
MOHAMMAD ISHAQ ◽  
MUMTAZ ALI ◽  
MUSAWER KHAN ◽  
SOHAIL AHMAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neurosurgical Department ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Spinal Disorders ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Male To Female

Objectives: To assess the spectrum of different spinal disorders presenting to the Neurosurgical department of public sector tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Neurosurgery departments of two public sector tertiary care hospitals in district Peshawar from January 2012 to December 2018. Our inclusion criteria comprised of all those patients who were having spinal abnormalities irrespective of age and gender, admitted either via emergency or OPD. We excluded those patients who were dead on arrival or whose data was lacking including those who did not do their follow up and those who were not given consent for the study.Results: Out of total 5,579 patients, male to female ratio was 1:1.7. The age range was from 6 days to 78 years. Elective cases were 63.61% (n = 3,549) and emergency were 36.37% (n = 2,030). TSCI were 35.01% (n = 1,953) and NTSCI were 3,626 (n = 64.99%). Out of all patients, 91.03% (n = 5,079) were treated surgically. About 79% (n = 4,406) had a good outcome.Conclusion: We collected data and made a survey of the spectrum of different spinal abnormalities resulting from various etiologies focused over the last 6 years. We found a variety of cases presenting to our departments of neurosurgery. Non traumatic spinal injuries are more frequent as compared to traumatic ones.

Short-term follow-up results of children with familial Mediterranean fever after cessation of colchicine: is it possible to quit?

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1818-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Tanatar ◽  
Şerife Gül Karadağ ◽  
Hafize Emine Sönmez ◽  
Mustafa Çakan ◽  
Nuray Aktay Ayaz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective To define the characteristics of children expressing the FMF phenotype under colchicine until it was ceased and to compare the clinical features of patients requiring colchicine again with the patients who did not need colchicine. Methods Sixty-four of 1786 children with FMF in whom colchicine was stopped by the physician or patients/parents were enrolled. These patients were grouped as children who were in need of colchicine due to attacks and/or elevated acute phase reactants after cessation of colchicine (group 1) and children in whom colchicine was not necessary and not restarted (group 2). Results Colchicine was stopped in 59.4% by the physician and in 40.6% by the patient/parents. It was ceased at a median of 10.6 years of age (range 2.1–20.5) and attack- and inflammation-free periods of 18.2 months (range 6–148). The median follow-up of 64 patients after colchicine cessation was 37.4 months (range 6.4–154.7). It was restarted in 17 patients due to attacks (n = 11) or elevated acute phase reactants (n = 6). The age at cessation of the colchicine was lower (P = 0.04) and the duration of colchicine treatment until its cessation was shorter (P = 0.007) in group 1 compared with group 2. Conclusion Life-long colchicine treatment may not be required in all FMF patients. There are no current guidelines to determine in which patients it is safe to stop colchicine. We found that younger age during cessation and shorter duration of colchicine treatment lead to a higher risk of needing to restart colchicine.

scholarly journals Investigating differences in self-compassion levels: effects of gender and age in a Greek adult sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Eirini Karakasidou ◽  
Georgia Raftopoulou ◽  
Anastassios Stalikas
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Intervention Planning ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Compassion Scale

Self-compassion is a recently developed construct of positive psychology. Several studies have shed light on their benefits on people’s psychological well-being. Furthermore, studies have focused on examining changes in self-compassion according to gender, in specific age groups, demonstrating inconsistent results. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between self-compassion and gender, overtime, in a wide age range of adulthood. The sample consisted of 291 participants, age range between 18 and 72 years of age, of the general population. The participants completed online self-report questionnaires of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (Neff, 2003b). Overall results revealed that self-compassion levels were higher for men than women. In addition, self-compassion was positively correlated with age, while older men, of 50 years and above, demonstrated higher self-compassion levels compared to younger age groups. The findings suggest the prudence of self-compassion on psychological prosperity. It is also proposed that the outcomes could contribute to the design of more informed, structured, and well-established intervention planning, targeting groups according to age and gender, which appear to be the most vulnerable. Finally, probable suggestions for further investigation are considered.

scholarly journals P1439DO PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS AGE FASTER THAN HEALTHY ADULTS BASED ON TELOMERE LENGTH; A BIOLOGICAL MARKER OF AGEING AND MORTALITY?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasantha Muthuppalaniappan ◽  
Kieran McCafferty ◽  
Muhammad Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background and Aims Telomere length (TL) is an emerging novel biomarker of ageing and survival. Telomere shortening to a critical limit is associated with replicative senescence and cell death; a process accelerated by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. This process is often observed among patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD). This predisposes them to increased morbidity and mortality in comparison to their normal counterparts when matched for age and gender. The exact reason for premature ageing in this cohort remains poorly understood and there is a need for further investigations into biomarkers of ageing to help understand the process. The aim of the study was to investigate if patients with ESKD in comparison to healthy controls had an increased biological age based on telomere length measurements. Method This was a single centre prospective, observational, cohort study among eligible dialysis patients and healthy controls. The healthy control group consisted of potential living donors. Patients were recruited as per the study protocol. Recruited patients on HD had their blood sampled prior to their mid-week dialysis session while potential live donors and PD patients had their blood sampled at outpatient clinics. Whole blood was immediately isolated for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Genomic DNA was extracted from PBMC to measure relative telomere length (rTL) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction according to the modified Cawthon protocol. Baseline demographic data and 1-year mortality were obtained from electronic patient records. Results A total of 336 patients (125 patients on HD, 114 patients on PD and 100 healthy controls) had their baseline rTL measured between the period of December 2015 to July 2018. Inter assay CV for rTL assay was 4.86%. Mean age of the dialysis cohort was 54.3 with an age range between 23-83 years. Mean age of control cohort was 44.5 with an age range between 20-75years. There were 87 and 56 females in the dialysis and control cohort respectively. Age was significantly associated with TL in a multivariate regression model in both the dialysis (p<0.001) and control group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in mean TL between gender in the healthy cohort in our study p=0.778. However, mean TL was higher in females than in males among dialysis patients, p=0.007. Mean TL of control and dialysis group was 2.23 ± 0.33 and 2.11 ± 0.34 respectively. The difference in TL between the groups was significant, p=0.006. However, a multivariate analysis of TL adjusted for age and gender was not significant, p=0.875. This was due to the control cohort consisting of younger recruits in comparison to the dialysis cohort. TL was not significantly different between HD and PD patients. There were 10 deaths in 365 days with no loss of follow up throughout the study period. All the deaths were in the dialysis cohort. There was no significant association found between TL and mortality outcomes but the direction of effect i.e shorter TL was associated with increased risk of death. Conclusion This study failed to show any difference between TL between dialysis patients and controls to demonstrate that patients on dialysis age faster. This does not preclude current evidence suggesting that dialysis patients do have an accelerated ageing in comparison to healthy cohort but merely that our study has shown that TL may not be the ideal biomarker of ageing to demonstrate this difference. In fact, increasing animal studies have found that the rate of change in TL over a period of time is a better representation of ageing. The study also identified no association between TL and 1-year mortality as there were only 10 deaths within the 1 year of follow up. This may be largely due to a short duration of follow up and it may be interesting to evaluate TL and 5-year mortality data in this cohort in future.

scholarly journals Dual-Task Tests Predict Conversion to Dementia—A Prospective Memory-Clinic-Based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8129
Author(s):  
Hanna B Åhman ◽  
Lars Berglund ◽  
Ylva Cedervall ◽  
Lena Kilander ◽  
Vilmantas Giedraitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) dual-task (TUGdt) tests predict dementia incidence among patients with subjective or mild cognitive impairment (SCI; MCI). Other study objectives were to determine whether TUGdt improves dementia prediction compared to a) demographic characteristics and standard cognitive tests alone; and b) TUG and Verbal Fluency performed separately. Patients (n = 172, age range 39–91 years, 78 women) with SCI or MCI performed TUGdt tests, including 1) naming animals and 2) reciting months backwards, and clinical cognitive tests at baseline. Diagnoses were identified at follow-up after 2.5 years. Logistic regression was used to predict dementia incidence, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and c-statistics for predictive capacity. Analyses were stratified by age and gender. At follow-up, 51 patients had developed dementia. The TUGdt result “animals/10 s” was associated with dementia incidence (standardized odds ratio (OR) = 4.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.28–7.23, p < 0.001), more so among patients under the median age of 72 years (standardized OR = 19.4, 95% CI 3.53–106.17, p < 0.001). TUGdt “animals/10 s” improved dementia prediction compared to demographic characteristics and standard tests alone (c-statistics 0.88 to 0.94) and single-task tests (c-statistics 0.86 to 0.89), but only in the younger patient group. TUGdt has the potential to become a useful tool for dementia prediction.

Regenerative Endodontics Procedure in Treatment of Permanent Immature Teeth with Necrotic Pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1899-1902
Author(s):  
Maryam Virda ◽  
Muhammad Bader Munir ◽  
Nighat Shafi ◽  
Haroon Asghar Ginai ◽  
Mamoona Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Case Series ◽  
P Value ◽  
Regenerative Endodontics ◽  
Immature Teeth ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Range

Aim: To evaluate the radiographical success of Regenerative endodontics procedure in permanent immature teeth with necrotic pulp. Methods: This Descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore from November 2015 to November 2016. A total of 30 cases were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients of both genders with age range from 9 to 14 years were considered. Performance of procedure and evaluation of success was done in terms of root development on periapical radiographs. . Data was entered and analysed with IBM SPSS 20. Level of significance was kept at p-value ≤ 0.05 Results: Out of 30 patients, 13 were females and 17 were males. Mean age of patients included in this study was 11.5±1.737. Follow up at 12 months showed 90% success, with 27 cases showed root development on periapical radiograph. There was no significant relation of success with age and gender of patient with p- value greater than 0.05. Conclusion: It is concluded from current study that Regenerative Endodontics procedure in permanent immature teeth is encouraging and can be recommended for the treatment of permanent immature teeth with necrotic pulp. Further research studies are required for evaluation of root development in regenerative endodontics procedure. Key words: Regenerative Endodontics, Permanent Immature teeth, Root development

Evaluation of Success of Pulpotomy in Mature Permanent Teeth with Carious exposure using Mineral Trioxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1352-1355
Author(s):  
N. Shafe ◽  
M. B. Munir ◽  
M. Virda ◽  
M. Anwar ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Carious Exposure

Aim: To evaluate the radiographical success of pulpotomy in cariously exposed mature permanent teeth using mineral trioxide aggregate. Methods:This Descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore from December 2015 to December 2016.A total of 75 cases were included using non-probability consecutive sampling..Patients of both genders with age range from 15 to 26 years were considered. Performance of procedure and evaluation of success was done in terms of absence of periapical radiolucency on periapical radiographs.Data was entered and analyzed with IBM SPSS 20. Level of significance was kept at p-value ≤ 0.05 Results: Out of 75 patients, 41 were females and 34 were males.Mean age of patients included in this study was 20.5 ±3.60. Follow up at 6 months showed 92% success, with 69 cases showed absence of periapical radiolucency on periapical radiograph. There was no significant relation of success with age and gender of patient with p- value greater that 0.05. Conclusion: It is concluded from current study that the protocol of pulpotomy using Mineral trioxide Aggregate (MTA) in mature permanent teeth with carious exposure of pulp is encouraging and can be recommended for the treatment of mature permanent teeth with carious exposures. Keywords: Pulpotomy, Mineral trioxide aggregate, periapical radiolucency

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