scholarly journals Dual-Task Tests Predict Conversion to Dementia—A Prospective Memory-Clinic-Based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8129
Author(s):  
Hanna B Åhman ◽  
Lars Berglund ◽  
Ylva Cedervall ◽  
Lena Kilander ◽  
Vilmantas Giedraitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) dual-task (TUGdt) tests predict dementia incidence among patients with subjective or mild cognitive impairment (SCI; MCI). Other study objectives were to determine whether TUGdt improves dementia prediction compared to a) demographic characteristics and standard cognitive tests alone; and b) TUG and Verbal Fluency performed separately. Patients (n = 172, age range 39–91 years, 78 women) with SCI or MCI performed TUGdt tests, including 1) naming animals and 2) reciting months backwards, and clinical cognitive tests at baseline. Diagnoses were identified at follow-up after 2.5 years. Logistic regression was used to predict dementia incidence, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and c-statistics for predictive capacity. Analyses were stratified by age and gender. At follow-up, 51 patients had developed dementia. The TUGdt result “animals/10 s” was associated with dementia incidence (standardized odds ratio (OR) = 4.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.28–7.23, p < 0.001), more so among patients under the median age of 72 years (standardized OR = 19.4, 95% CI 3.53–106.17, p < 0.001). TUGdt “animals/10 s” improved dementia prediction compared to demographic characteristics and standard tests alone (c-statistics 0.88 to 0.94) and single-task tests (c-statistics 0.86 to 0.89), but only in the younger patient group. TUGdt has the potential to become a useful tool for dementia prediction.

scholarly journals 94 Association between Dual-Task Timed “UP and GO” Test and Occurrence of Falls According to Age Group (Young-Older or Old-Older Adults): A Longitudinal Observation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv18-iv27
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Asai ◽  
Kensuke Oshima ◽  
Yoshihiro Fukumoto ◽  
Shogo Misu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Aim To elucidate the association between the occurrence of falls and timed “up and go” (TUG) test score in a dual-task condition among community-dwelling older adults by age group. Methods This longitudinal observation study included 987 community-dwelling older adults at baseline. A TUG test (single-TUG) and a TUG test while counting aloud backward from 100 (dual-TUG) were conducted at baseline. The dual-task cost (DTC) value was computed from these results. Data on fall history were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire at the 1-year follow-up. At follow-up, 322 participants had dropped out and six participants had missing data for falls. The final analysis included 658 individuals (follow-up rate: 658/987, 67%) divided into a young-older adult group (aged 60–74 years) and an old-older adult group (aged 75 years or older). Associations between the occurrence of falls and TUG-related values were analyzed by age group using multivariate logistic regression models. Results For old-older adults, there were significant associations between the occurrence of falls and DTC value (odds ratio [OR] 0.981, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.963–0.999, p = 0.040) and single-TUG score (OR 1.129, 95% CI: 1.006–1.268, p = 0.039). However, no significant associations were observed for young-older adults. Conclusions Slower single-TUG test score and lower DTC value are associated with the occurrence of falls among old-older adults but not among young-older adults. Dual task assessment is useful for predicting falls in TUG fall assessment for old-older adults.

scholarly journals Does Participation in Sports Influence the Prevalence of and Initiation into Multiple Substance Misuse in Adolescence? A Two-Year Prospective Analysis

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Natasa Zenic ◽  
Martina Rezic ◽  
Ivana Cerkez Zovko ◽  
Hrvoje Vlahovic ◽  
Tine Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Competitive Success ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Sports Selection

Concurrent smoking and harmful drinking (CSHD) in adolescence is an important public health and social problem, while participation in sports is considered as being protective against CSHD. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the influence of various facets of sports participation on the prevalence of and initiation into CSHD of adolescents. Participants were adolescents from southern Croatia (n = 711, 43.6% females, 16 years of age at study baseline), who were tested at baseline and at follow-up (two years later). Variables included gender, age, sports factors (participation in individual and team sports, sport experience, competitive success, intensity of involvement in sports), and CSHD. The CSHD prevalence did not increase significantly over the course of the study (from 5.6% to 7.5%, p > 0.05). Binomial logistic regression with age and gender as covariates suggested that team sports participation correlated to CSHD prevalence at baseline, and follow-up, with higher risk for CSHD among those adolescents who quit team sports (OR = 9.18 and 2.68, 95%CI = 2.04–22.26 and 1.05–6.83 for baseline and follow-up, respectively), and those never involved in team sports (OR = 9.00 and 3.70, 95%CI = 2.07–39.16 and 1.57–8.72 for baseline and follow-up, respectively). A higher risk of CSHD at baseline was seen among those adolescents who were involved in sports for longer (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.16–2.38). The results are discussed in the context of the fact that the study included adolescents at the age of rigid sports selection (the transition from youth to professional-level sports). Since the majority of participants began CSHD at an earlier age, further studies in subjects of a younger age range are warranted.

Relationship between dual task walking, cognition, and depression in oldest old people

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Hotta Ansai ◽  
Thais Rabiatti Aurichio ◽  
José Rubens Rebelatto
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Old People ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTBackground:The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between dual task walking, cognition, and depression in oldest old people living in the community.Methods:We conducted an observational cross-sectional study at Federal University of São Carlos (Brazil). We assessed 67 community-dwelling older adults aged 80 years and over, who were able to walk alone and did not present with a risk of dementia (assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE). The assessment consisted of anamnesis, dual task using the Timed Up and Go test associated with a motor task (TUGT-motor) and a cognitive task (TUGT-cognitive); cognitive measures using MMSE, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Clock Drawing test (CDT) and verbal fluency, and depressive measures by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).Results:There was a correlation with higher magnitude between cognitive tests and TUGT-cognitive, compared to TUGT-motor. For TUGT-motor, the highest correlations with cognitive tests were found between time and MMSE, MoCA (total score), and MoCA visuospatial/executive domain. For TUGT-cognitive, the highest correlations with cognitive tests were between number of steps and MMSE and between time and MMSE. GDS showed a significant weak correlation with number of steps taken in TUGT-motor, wrong words, and correct/time of TUGT-cognitive.Conclusions:Dual task performances are associated with cognition in oldest old. Furthermore, dual task tests have less influence of educational level, are functional, fast, and easily applicable in clinical practice. Future studies are needed to confirm if dual task test is useful for cognitive screening in oldest old.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine in Vietnamese Health-Care Workers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Vinh Chau ◽  
Lam Anh Nguyet ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Truong ◽  
Le Mau Toan ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Age Range

We studied the immunogenicity of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in health-care workers of a major infectious diseases hospital in Vietnam. We measured neutralizing antibodies before and 14 days after each dose, and at day 28 and month 3 after dose 1. A total of 554 workers (136 men and 418 women; age range, 22–71 years; median age, 36 years) participated with the study. Of the 144 participants selected for follow-up after dose 1, 104 and 94 gave blood for antibody measurement at weeks 6 and 8, and at month 3 after dose 1, respectively. The window time between the two doses was 6 weeks. At baseline, none had detectable neutralizing antibodies. After dose 1, the proportion of participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 27.3% (151 of 554) at day 14 to 78.0% (432 of 554) at day 28. Age correlated negatively with the development and the levels of neutralizing antibodies. However, at day 28, these differences were less profound, and women had a greater seroconversion rate and greater levels of neutralizing antibodies than men. After dose 2, these age and gender associations were not observable. In addition, the proportion of study participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 70.2% (73 of 104) before dose 2 (week 6, after dose 1) to 98.1% (102 of 104) 14 days later. At month 3, neutralizing antibodies decreased and 94.7% (89 of 94) of the study participants remained seropositive. The Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is immunogenic in Vietnamese health-care workers. These data are critical to informing the deployment of the COVID-19 vaccine in Vietnam and in Southeast Asia, where vaccination coverage remains inadequate.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Different Spinal Disorders Presenting to Neurosurgical Department of Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADNAN AHMED ◽  
MOHAMMAD ISHAQ ◽  
MUMTAZ ALI ◽  
MUSAWER KHAN ◽  
SOHAIL AHMAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neurosurgical Department ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Spinal Disorders ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Male To Female

Objectives: To assess the spectrum of different spinal disorders presenting to the Neurosurgical department of public sector tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Neurosurgery departments of two public sector tertiary care hospitals in district Peshawar from January 2012 to December 2018. Our inclusion criteria comprised of all those patients who were having spinal abnormalities irrespective of age and gender, admitted either via emergency or OPD. We excluded those patients who were dead on arrival or whose data was lacking including those who did not do their follow up and those who were not given consent for the study.Results: Out of total 5,579 patients, male to female ratio was 1:1.7. The age range was from 6 days to 78 years. Elective cases were 63.61% (n = 3,549) and emergency were 36.37% (n = 2,030). TSCI were 35.01% (n = 1,953) and NTSCI were 3,626 (n = 64.99%). Out of all patients, 91.03% (n = 5,079) were treated surgically. About 79% (n = 4,406) had a good outcome.Conclusion: We collected data and made a survey of the spectrum of different spinal abnormalities resulting from various etiologies focused over the last 6 years. We found a variety of cases presenting to our departments of neurosurgery. Non traumatic spinal injuries are more frequent as compared to traumatic ones.

scholarly journals P1439DO PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS AGE FASTER THAN HEALTHY ADULTS BASED ON TELOMERE LENGTH; A BIOLOGICAL MARKER OF AGEING AND MORTALITY?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasantha Muthuppalaniappan ◽  
Kieran McCafferty ◽  
Muhammad Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background and Aims Telomere length (TL) is an emerging novel biomarker of ageing and survival. Telomere shortening to a critical limit is associated with replicative senescence and cell death; a process accelerated by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. This process is often observed among patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD). This predisposes them to increased morbidity and mortality in comparison to their normal counterparts when matched for age and gender. The exact reason for premature ageing in this cohort remains poorly understood and there is a need for further investigations into biomarkers of ageing to help understand the process. The aim of the study was to investigate if patients with ESKD in comparison to healthy controls had an increased biological age based on telomere length measurements. Method This was a single centre prospective, observational, cohort study among eligible dialysis patients and healthy controls. The healthy control group consisted of potential living donors. Patients were recruited as per the study protocol. Recruited patients on HD had their blood sampled prior to their mid-week dialysis session while potential live donors and PD patients had their blood sampled at outpatient clinics. Whole blood was immediately isolated for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Genomic DNA was extracted from PBMC to measure relative telomere length (rTL) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction according to the modified Cawthon protocol. Baseline demographic data and 1-year mortality were obtained from electronic patient records. Results A total of 336 patients (125 patients on HD, 114 patients on PD and 100 healthy controls) had their baseline rTL measured between the period of December 2015 to July 2018. Inter assay CV for rTL assay was 4.86%. Mean age of the dialysis cohort was 54.3 with an age range between 23-83 years. Mean age of control cohort was 44.5 with an age range between 20-75years. There were 87 and 56 females in the dialysis and control cohort respectively. Age was significantly associated with TL in a multivariate regression model in both the dialysis (p&lt;0.001) and control group (p&lt;0.001). There was no significant difference in mean TL between gender in the healthy cohort in our study p=0.778. However, mean TL was higher in females than in males among dialysis patients, p=0.007. Mean TL of control and dialysis group was 2.23 ± 0.33 and 2.11 ± 0.34 respectively. The difference in TL between the groups was significant, p=0.006. However, a multivariate analysis of TL adjusted for age and gender was not significant, p=0.875. This was due to the control cohort consisting of younger recruits in comparison to the dialysis cohort. TL was not significantly different between HD and PD patients. There were 10 deaths in 365 days with no loss of follow up throughout the study period. All the deaths were in the dialysis cohort. There was no significant association found between TL and mortality outcomes but the direction of effect i.e shorter TL was associated with increased risk of death. Conclusion This study failed to show any difference between TL between dialysis patients and controls to demonstrate that patients on dialysis age faster. This does not preclude current evidence suggesting that dialysis patients do have an accelerated ageing in comparison to healthy cohort but merely that our study has shown that TL may not be the ideal biomarker of ageing to demonstrate this difference. In fact, increasing animal studies have found that the rate of change in TL over a period of time is a better representation of ageing. The study also identified no association between TL and 1-year mortality as there were only 10 deaths within the 1 year of follow up. This may be largely due to a short duration of follow up and it may be interesting to evaluate TL and 5-year mortality data in this cohort in future.

scholarly journals Distinct cortical thickness patterns link disparate cerebral cortex regions to select mobility domains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inbal Maidan ◽  
Anat Mirelman ◽  
Jeffrey M. Hausdorff ◽  
Yaakov Stern ◽  
Christian G. Habeck
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Mobility Assessment ◽  
General Mobility ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractThe cortical control of gait and mobility involves multiple brain regions. Therefore, one could speculate that the association between specific spatial patterns of cortical thickness may be differentially associated with different mobility domains. To test this possibility, 115 healthy participants aged 27–82 (mean 60.5 ± 13.8) underwent a mobility assessment (usual-walk, dual-task walk, Timed Up and Go) and MRI scan. Ten mobility domains of relatively simple (e.g., usual-walking) and complex tasks (i.e., dual task walking, turns, transitions) and cortical thickness of 68 ROIs were extracted. All associations between mobility and cortical thickness were controlled for age and gender. Scaled Subprofile Modelling (SSM), a PCA-regression, identified thickness patterns that were correlated with the individual mobility domains, controlling for multiple comparisons. We found that lower mean global cortical thickness was correlated with worse general mobility (r = − 0.296, p = 0.003), as measured by the time to complete the Timed Up and Go test. Three distinct patterns of cortical thickness were associated with three different gait domains during simple, usual-walking: pace, rhythm, and symmetry. In contrast, cortical thickness patterns were not related to the more complex mobility domains. These findings demonstrate that robust and topographically distinct cortical thickness patterns are linked to select mobility domains during relatively simple walking, but not to more complex aspects of mobility. Functional connectivity may play a larger role in the more complex aspects of mobility.

Regenerative Endodontics Procedure in Treatment of Permanent Immature Teeth with Necrotic Pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1899-1902
Author(s):  
Maryam Virda ◽  
Muhammad Bader Munir ◽  
Nighat Shafi ◽  
Haroon Asghar Ginai ◽  
Mamoona Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Case Series ◽  
P Value ◽  
Regenerative Endodontics ◽  
Immature Teeth ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Range

Aim: To evaluate the radiographical success of Regenerative endodontics procedure in permanent immature teeth with necrotic pulp. Methods: This Descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore from November 2015 to November 2016. A total of 30 cases were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients of both genders with age range from 9 to 14 years were considered. Performance of procedure and evaluation of success was done in terms of root development on periapical radiographs. . Data was entered and analysed with IBM SPSS 20. Level of significance was kept at p-value ≤ 0.05 Results: Out of 30 patients, 13 were females and 17 were males. Mean age of patients included in this study was 11.5±1.737. Follow up at 12 months showed 90% success, with 27 cases showed root development on periapical radiograph. There was no significant relation of success with age and gender of patient with p- value greater than 0.05. Conclusion: It is concluded from current study that Regenerative Endodontics procedure in permanent immature teeth is encouraging and can be recommended for the treatment of permanent immature teeth with necrotic pulp. Further research studies are required for evaluation of root development in regenerative endodontics procedure. Key words: Regenerative Endodontics, Permanent Immature teeth, Root development

Evaluation of Success of Pulpotomy in Mature Permanent Teeth with Carious exposure using Mineral Trioxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1352-1355
Author(s):  
N. Shafe ◽  
M. B. Munir ◽  
M. Virda ◽  
M. Anwar ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Carious Exposure

Aim: To evaluate the radiographical success of pulpotomy in cariously exposed mature permanent teeth using mineral trioxide aggregate. Methods:This Descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore from December 2015 to December 2016.A total of 75 cases were included using non-probability consecutive sampling..Patients of both genders with age range from 15 to 26 years were considered. Performance of procedure and evaluation of success was done in terms of absence of periapical radiolucency on periapical radiographs.Data was entered and analyzed with IBM SPSS 20. Level of significance was kept at p-value ≤ 0.05 Results: Out of 75 patients, 41 were females and 34 were males.Mean age of patients included in this study was 20.5 ±3.60. Follow up at 6 months showed 92% success, with 69 cases showed absence of periapical radiolucency on periapical radiograph. There was no significant relation of success with age and gender of patient with p- value greater that 0.05. Conclusion: It is concluded from current study that the protocol of pulpotomy using Mineral trioxide Aggregate (MTA) in mature permanent teeth with carious exposure of pulp is encouraging and can be recommended for the treatment of mature permanent teeth with carious exposures. Keywords: Pulpotomy, Mineral trioxide aggregate, periapical radiolucency

Referral Patterns for Youths Identified at Risk for Suicide by Trained Gatekeepers

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Rodi ◽  
Lucas Godoy Garraza ◽  
Christine Walrath ◽  
Robert L. Stephens ◽  
D. Susanne Condron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Referral Patterns ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
To Receive

Background: In order to better understand the posttraining suicide prevention behavior of gatekeeper trainees, the present article examines the referral and service receipt patterns among gatekeeper-identified youths. Methods: Data for this study were drawn from 26 Garrett Lee Smith grantees funded between October 2005 and October 2009 who submitted data about the number, characteristics, and service access of identified youths. Results: The demographic characteristics of identified youths are not related to referral type or receipt. Furthermore, referral setting does not seem to be predictive of the type of referral. Demographic as well as other (nonrisk) characteristics of the youths are not key variables in determining identification or service receipt. Limitations: These data are not necessarily representative of all youths identified by gatekeepers represented in the dataset. The prevalence of risk among all members of the communities from which these data are drawn is unknown. Furthermore, these data likely disproportionately represent gatekeepers associated with systems that effectively track gatekeepers and youths. Conclusions: Gatekeepers appear to be identifying youth across settings, and those youths are being referred for services without regard for race and gender or the settings in which they are identified. Furthermore, youths that may be at highest risk may be more likely to receive those services.

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