scholarly journals Incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) in Castilla y Leon (Spain)

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Miriam Moreno-Ramos ◽  
Mercedes Sánchez-Barba ◽  
Rubén García Sánchez ◽  
José Antonio Mirón-Canelo ◽  
Veronica González-Nuñez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The University

Introduction: Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is considered a Public Health problem that is defined as a group of symptoms that appear in the newborn due to withdrawal from intrauterine drug exposure. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of NAS in Castilla y León from 2000 to 2019. Methodology: Data of NAS cases in Castilla y León from 2000 to 2019 were obtained. NAS incidence per 1000 births was calculated and the correlation among data from different provinces and years was analyzed. Results: The cumulative incidence of NAS in Castilla y León per 1000 births between 2000-2019 was 0.91‰, with great interprovincial variability. The provinces of Zamora and Palencia stand out, with high incidence rates of NAS despite their low birth rates. The temporal trend points towards a decrease in incidence from 2000 to 2019. Opioids such as methadone, cannabis, benzodiazepines and poly-drug use are the most prevalent drugs causing NAS, and it has also been observed that methadone is being replaced by cannabis as the major cause of NAS cases at the University Hospital in Salamanca in recent years. Conclusions: The incidence of NAS in Castilla y León decreased in 2004 and remained constant until 2019, but it shows great interprovincial variability. It is necessary to implement a national NAS Registry to obtain comprehensive information regarding its incidence.

Active Ear Acupuncture Points in Neonates with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Raith ◽  
Jörg Kutschera ◽  
Wilhelm Müller ◽  
Berndt Urlesberger
Keyword(s):  
Optical Signal ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ear Acupuncture ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University

The aim of the study was to determine the presence of acupuncture ear points in neonates with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). NAS occurs in the first days of life in neonates whose mothers have a history of drug abuse, and may also occur in neonates whose mothers are currently following substitution therapy. The patients are neonates with NAS admitted over one year to the Division of Neonatology at the University Hospital Graz. The examination took place on the third day after delivery (mean value 70.3 hours) and was performed by a neuronal pen (PS 3 © Silberbauer, Vienna, Austria). An integrated sound and optical signal detected the active ear points that were then placed on an ear map. We investigated six neonates (four male, two female). All investigated neonates showed the presence of active ear acupuncture points. The psychovegetative rim was the most common organic area of the children, following by a few organic points. This corresponds with the results found in healthy neonates. In all neonates with NAS, we found the presence of psychic ear points. The identified psychic ear points are the frustration-point, R-point and the psychotropic area nasal from the incisura intertragica. In all neonates with NAS, active organic and psychic ear points were detectable in both ears. In the future, it could be possible to use active ear points for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Reveals Little Spread From a Large University Campus to the Surrounding Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L Valesano ◽  
William J Fitzsimmons ◽  
Christopher N Blair ◽  
Robert J Woods ◽  
Julie Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
University Campus ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Study Interval ◽  
Washtenaw County ◽  
The University ◽  
Subsequent Wave

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had high incidence rates at institutions of higher education (IHE) in the United States, but the transmission dynamics in these settings are poorly understood. It remains unclear to what extent IHE-associated outbreaks have contributed to transmission in nearby communities. Methods We implemented high-density prospective genomic surveillance to investigate these dynamics at the University of Michigan and the surrounding community during the Fall 2020 semester (August 16–November 24). We sequenced complete severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes from 1659 individuals, including 468 students, representing 20% of cases in students and 25% of total cases in Washtenaw County over the study interval. Results Phylogenetic analysis identified >200 introductions into the student population, most of which were not related to other student cases. There were 2 prolonged student transmission clusters, of 115 and 73 individuals, that spanned multiple on-campus residences. Remarkably, <5% of nonstudent genomes were descended from student clusters, and viral descendants of student cases were rare during a subsequent wave of infections in the community. Conclusions The largest outbreaks among students at the University of Michigan did not significantly contribute to the rise in community cases in Fall 2020. These results provide valuable insights into SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics at the regional level.

The Prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in Children 0-5 years old Suffering from Acute Diarrhea in the University Hospital Center of Mother and Child (UHC-MC) in N’Djamena, Chad

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fombotioh Ndifor ◽  
Abakar Idriss Lawane ◽  
Nadjioroum Ngam-Asra ◽  
Mouktar Abaya Adoum ◽  
Brahim Boy Otchom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Fresh Stool ◽  
The University ◽  
Hospital Center

Acute diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children from 0-5 months old, especially in Africa and many developing countries. Rotavirus and Adenovirus have been recognized as the common pathogens for this public health problem. However, little or no investigation has been carried out on the two viruses in Chad. In view of this fact, we decided to study the prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in children suffering from acute diarrhea at the University Hospital Center of Mother and Child (UHC-MC). Fresh stool samples were collected from 440 children ages 0-5 years (225 females and 2015 males). They were brought for medical consultation from March 2019- September 2019 at the pediatric department. Specimens were analyzed and Rotavirus and Adenovirus were detected using Rapid Immunochromatographic Test kit (Vikia BioMerieux, France). Out of the 440 children examined, 228 had viral infection with a prevalence of 51.81%. Based on gender infection, females 140 (62.22%) were significantly more infected than males 88(40.93%). Prevalence of mono infection of Rotavirus in children 110 (48.24%) was higher than that of Adenovirus 74(32.45%). More males had Rotavirus infection 60(68.18%) than girls 50 (37.71%). Co-infection was found to be 44 (19.29%). Distribution of viral infection indicated that children between 6-11 months had the highest viral burden 101(77.69%). Among clinical symptoms recorded, dehydration was the highest in children 84(61.76%). Due to the high prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus discovered, we suggest that vaccines for the two viruses should be included in the national immunization program.

TETANUS OF THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Dacio Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Pediatric Service ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The University

Tetanus in the newborn infant is still a most important public health problem in Brazil. An analysis of 238 cases, admitted in a two-year period to the pediatric service of the University Hospital in Sao Paulo, is presented. It is suggested that prognosis is related more closely to amount of tetanospasmin produced and absorbed by the central nervous system than to some of the more traditional indices of clinical severity. The plan of treatment in use is presented, since the over-all recovery rate compares very favorably with other published reports.

scholarly journals Myocarditis Caused by Brucella melitensis in the Absence of Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lagadinou ◽  
Virginia Mplani ◽  
Dimitrios Velissaris ◽  
Periklis Davlouros ◽  
Markos Marangos
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Retrosternal Pain ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The University

Brucellosis remains an important public health problem with endemic characteristics in many countries. Brucellosis can affect almost all organs and systems of human body. Cardiac complications are unusual, occurring in less than 2% of patients and usually manifest as endocarditis. We present the case of a 21-year-old Caucasian man, who was admitted to the University Hospital of Patras, Western Greece, with fatigue, fever up to 39°C, and retrosternal pain. Musculoskeletal, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, hematologic, nervous, skin, and mucous membranes and respiratory complications have been reported in several cases of brucellosis. Development of myocarditis is a highly rare complication of brucellosis, particularly in the absence of concomitant endocarditis. Clinicians should be aware of this clinical entity especially in endemic areas as appropriate antibiotic treatment is life-saving and may prevent serious cardiologic disorders.

Giant Retroperitoneal Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Dobromir D. Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
The University

Summary Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas comprise a relatively rare entity with incidence rates of less than 1% of all malignancies. The surgical treatment of these tumors is challenging. We present a case of a 70-year-old patient who underwent radical surgery at the Department of Surgical Oncology at the University Hospital in Pleven for giant dedifferentiated liposarcoma. The patient presented with cachexia, anemia, dull abdominal pain, and a huge abdominal mass. After ultrasound and CT, the tumor was assessed as resectable. The removed tumor mass weighed 5.7 kg. Nowadays, complete resection of such tumors remains the most important predictive factor for local recurrence and overall survival.

Alcohol Consumption in Victims of Violence: A Trend Study for the Period 1970–1998

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kingma
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
The University

This 29-yr. retrospective study is about alcohol consumption by victims of violence intentionally injured ( N = 13,048) and general patients unintentionally injured ( N = 296,544) who were treated for their injuries at the Trauma Center of the University Hospital Groningen (The Netherlands) during the period 1970–1998 The incidence rate for general patients with alcohol consumption was statistically significantly greater than the incidence rate of victims of violence with alcohol consumption. A long-term significant linear trend was observed for both types of patients during the 29-yr. period. However, the increase in incidence rate among the general patients with alcohol consumption was four times greater than the increase in incidence rate for the victims of violence with alcohol consumption. Makes predominated in both types of patients (with and without alcohol consumption). The statistically significant highest incidence rates (and male predominance) were found in the age group 20–24 years for both categories of patients.

Oral feeding outcomes of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Addiction Medicine ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government

The Government of Canada in 2016 officially declared the opioid crisis as a national public health emergency. 1As the opioid crisis continues to prevail, the number of expecting mother’s using opioids during their pregnancy is increasing, as well as complications associated with the infant’s health. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurs when the infant experiences withdrawal symptoms, such as hyperirritability, excessive crying and tremors after birth due to the in-utero drug exposure.  These withdrawal symptoms often interfere with infant’s ability to engage in oral feeds, and thus they receive their nutrients via tube feedings. 2 However, infants who are in the NICU must have achieve independent oral feeds before being discharged from the hospital. The concept of NAS infants having longer feeding times compared to other NICU infants has been a common assumption, but no research has sought out to quantitively prove this. This study will be conducted by a retrospective chart review and the participants will be infants with NAS who are in the NICU and require pharmacological interventions. This study group will be matched with a control group of infants, with respiratory distress syndrome, for birth age (1-week difference) and birth weight (≤500 g difference). Independent group t-tests will be conducted to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups in time to reach independent oral feeds and a Chi square test will be used to compare baseline demographics. References University of Wisconsin. (2015). Canada: Opioid consumption in morphine equivalence (ME), mg per person. Retrieved from http://www.painpolicy.wisc.edu/sites/www.painpolicy.wisc.edu/files/country_file s/morphine_equivalence/canada_me_methadone.pdf Velez, M., & Jansson, L.M. (2008). The opioid dependent mother and newborn dyad: non-pharmacologic care. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 2(3), 113-120. DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e31817e6105

scholarly journals Screening for malnutrition in an elderly population hospitalized at the University Hospital Center of Sidi-Bel-Abbès (West Algeria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Norreddine MENADI ◽  
◽  
Samira MEZIANI ◽  
Mohamed ZAIRI ◽  
Fafa BOUKHATMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The University

roduction. Undernutrition is a major public health problem and has many consequences for the elderly health. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in an elderly population hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Service of the University Hospital of Sidi Bel Abbes (western Algeria). Population and methods. This was a cross-sectional study, including patients aged 65 years and older. The evaluation was based on the anthropometric parameters (body weight, height, body mass index (BMI)), serum albumin level, and the score of Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening. Results. The study included 129 patients, who 49.61% were females. The average age was 75.1±7.5 years. The most common disease was diabetes (51%) followed by hypertension (49%). The average stay length in the hospital was 7.3±3.4 days, and a mean drugs intake of 4.1±1.9 drugs per patient. The average BMI was 23.7±4.8 kg/m2 with an average albumin rate of 34.1±6.7 g/L. The screening tools such as BMI and serum albumin revealed respectively 26.2% and 58.9% of malnourished elderly. The score of MNA screening showed that 51.2% of patients were at risk of malnutrition and 37.2% were malnourished. Conclusion. The nutritional risk and the prevalence of malnutrition for this elderly population are significant and constitute a real public health problem.

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