scholarly journals Modelling Maize Yield and Water Requirements under Different Climate Change Scenarios

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Oludare Sunday Durodola ◽  
Khaldoon A. Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
The Future ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

African countries such as Nigeria are anticipated to be more susceptible to the impacts of climate change due to large dependence on rainfed agriculture and to several uncertainties in the responses of crop production to climate change. The impacts of climate change on crop water requirements (CWR), irrigation water requirements (IWR), yields and crop water productivity (CWP) of rainfed maize in Ogun-Osun River Basin, Nigeria were evaluated for a baseline period (1986–2015) and future projection period (2021–2099) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. For the baseline period, there is no significant trend within the variables studied. However, IWR is projected to increase significantly by up to 140% in the future period, while yield might likely decline under both scenarios up to −12%. This study shows that in the future periods, supplemental irrigation has little impact in improving yields, but an increase in soil fertility can improve yields and CWP by up to 80% in 2099. This paper offers useful information on suitable adaptation measures which could be implemented by stakeholders and policymakers to counterbalance the effects of climate change on crop production.

scholarly journals Review: Climate change and the water footprint of wheat production in Zimbabwe

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simbarashe Govere ◽  
Justice Nyamangara ◽  
Emerson Z Nyakatawa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Reductions in the water footprint (WF) of crop production, that is, increasing crop water productivity (CWP), is touted as a universal panacea to meet future food demands in the context of global water scarcity. However, efforts to reduce the WF of crop production may be curtailed by the effects of climate change. This study reviewed the impacts of climate change on the WF of wheat production in Zimbabwe with the aim of identifying research gaps. Results of the review revealed limited local studies on the impacts of climate change on the WF of wheat production within Zimbabwe. Despite this, relevant global and regional studies suggest that climate change will likely result in a higher WF in Zimbabwe as well as at the global and regional level. These impacts will be due to reductions in wheat yields and increases in crop water requirements due to high temperatures, despite the CO2 fertilization effect. The implications of a higher WF of wheat production under future climate change scenarios in Zimbabwe may not be sustainable given the semi-arid status of the country. The study reviewed crop-level climate change adaptation strategies that might be implemented to lower the WF of wheat production in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Modelling the Impacts of Climate Change on Soybeans Water Use and Yields in Ogun-Ona River Basin, Nigeria

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Oludare Sunday Durodola ◽  
Khaldoon A. Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Future Period ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

African countries such as Nigeria are anticipated to be more susceptible to the impacts of climate change due to reliance on rainfed agriculture. In this regard, the impacts of climate change on crop water requirements (CWR), yields and crop water productivity (CWP) of soybean in the Ogun-Ona River Basin, Nigeria, were evaluated for the baseline period (1986–2015) and future period (2021–2099) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios using AquaCrop Version 6.1. Future climate projections from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute’s climate models (HadGEM2-ES and RCA4) were used in simulating the future scenarios. The results show that for the baseline period, CWR and yield are increasing while CWP shows a slight increase. For the future period, the CWR is projected to fluctuate and depend on the rainfall pattern. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide fertilization has positive effects on yield and is projected to increase up to 40% under RCP 8.5. The results of this study certainly offer useful information on suitable adaption measures which could be implemented by stakeholders and policymakers to improve soybean productivity in Nigeria.

Climate, ticks and disease

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The World ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
The Future ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract This book is a collection of 77 expert opinions arranged in three sections. Section 1 on "Climate" sets the scene, including predictions of future climate change, how climate change affects ecosystems, and how to model projections of the spatial distribution of ticks and tick-borne infections under different climate change scenarios. Section 2 on "Ticks" focuses on ticks (although tick-borne pathogens creep in) and whether or not changes in climate affect the tick biosphere, from physiology to ecology. Section 3 on "Disease" focuses on the tick-host-pathogen biosphere, ranging from the triangle of tick-host-pathogen molecular interactions to disease ecology in various regions and ecosystems of the world. Each of these three sections ends with a synopsis that aims to give a brief overview of all the expert opinions within the section. The book concludes with Section 4 (Final Synopsis and Future Predictions). This synopsis attempts to summarize evidence provided by the experts of tangible impacts of climate change on ticks and tick-borne infections. In constructing their expert opinions, contributors give their views on what the future might hold. The final synopsis provides a snapshot of their expert thoughts on the future.

scholarly journals Building Climate-Resilient Cotton Production System for Changing Climate Scenarios Using the DSSAT Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10495
Author(s):  
Zoia Arshad Awan ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Masood Akhtar ◽  
Asad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
The Future

Cotton production is highly vulnerable to climate change, and heat stress is a major constraint in the cotton zone of Punjab, Pakistan. Adaptation is perceived as a critical step to deal with forecasted and unexpected climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to standardize and authenticate a cotton crop model based on climate and crop husbandry data in order to develop an adaptation package for cotton crop production in the wake of climate change. For the study, the data were collected from the cotton-growing areas of Punjab, viz. Bahawalpur and Khanewal. After the calibration and validation against field data, the Cropping System Model CSM–CROPGRO–Cotton in the shell of the decision support system for agro-technology transfer (DSSAT) was run with a future climate generated under two representative concentrations pathways (RCPs), viz. RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 with five global circulation models (GCMs). The whole study showed that a model is an artistic tool for examining the temporal variation in cotton and determining the potential impact of planting dates on crop growth, phenology, and yield. The results showed that the future climate would have drastic effects on cotton production in the project area. Reduction in seed cotton yield (SCY) was 25.7% and 32.2% under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. The comparison of five GCMs showed that a hot/wet climate would be more damaging than other scenarios. The simulations with different production options showed that a 10% and 5% increase in nitrogen and plant population, respectively, compared to the present would be the best strategy in the future. The model further suggested that planting conducted 15 days earlier, combined with the use of water and nitrogen (fertigation), would help to improve yield with 10% less water under the future climate. Overall, the proposed adaptation package would help to recover 33% and 37% of damages in SCY due to the climate change scenarios of RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed package would also help the farmers increase crop yield by 7.5% over baseline (current) yield.

Assessing the Hydrological Effect of Climate Change on Water Balance of a River Basin in Northern Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-33
Author(s):  
Panagiota G. Koukouli ◽  
Pantazis E. Georgiou ◽  
Dimitrios K. Karpouzos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

In this work, the impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Olynthios River Basin in Northern Greece, were assessed. For this purpose, the climate change scenarios SRES and RCPs were used (SRES A1B, Α2 and RCP4.5, 8.5) - which were taken from two climate models, CGCM3.1/T63 and CanESM2, respectively - for two time periods (2031-2050 and 2081-2100) and for the baseline period (1981-2000). The downscaling was performed using the weather generator ClimGen. The monthly water balance of the Olynthios River Basin was estimated with the use of a conceptual water balance model. Results showed that the annual runoff of the river basin of Olynthios will decrease in response to climate change under all scenarios for both time periods. The results highlight the necessity for adequate adaptation strategies which could improve agricultural water management and reduce the impacts of climate change on agriculture.

Improving crop water use in West Africa in the context of climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehouevi Mawuton David Agoungbome ◽  
Nick van de Giesen ◽  
Frank Ohene Annor ◽  
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Crop Water Use

<p>Africa’s population is growing fast and is expected to double by 2050, meaning the food production must follow the cadence in order to meet the demand. However, one of the major challenges of agriculture in Africa is productivity (World Bank, 2009; IFRI, 2016). For instance, more than 40 million hectares of farmland were dedicated to maize in Africa in 2017 (approx. 20% of world total maize farms), but only 7.4% of the total world maize production came from the African continent (FAO, 2017). This shows the poor productivity which has its causes rooted in lack of good climate and weather information, slow technology uptake and financial support for farmers. In West Africa, where more than 70% of crop production is rain-fed, millions of farmers depend on rainfall, yet the region is one of the most vulnerable and least monitored in terms of climate change and rainfall variability. With a high uncertainty of future climate conditions in the region, one must foresee the big challenges ahead: farmers will be exposed to a lot of damages and losses leading to food insecurity resulting in famine and poverty if measures are not put in place to improve productivity. This study aims at addressing low productivity in agriculture by providing farmers with the right moment to start farming in order to improve efficiency and productivity of crop water use. By analyzing yield response to water availability of specific crops using AquaCrop, the Food and Agriculture Organization crop growth model, we investigate the crop water productivity variability throughout the rainy season and come up with recommendations that help optimize rainfall water use and maximize crop yield.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring the possibilities of remote yield estimation using crop water requirements for area yield index insurance in a data-scarce dryland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Eze ◽  
Atkilt Girma ◽  
Amanuel Zenebe ◽  
Jean Moussa Kourouma ◽  
Gebreyohannes Zenebe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract The need for accurate and meaningful agricultural data as the means of making vibrant policies and informed decisions, is an increasing concern for policymakers in developing countries such as Ethiopia, where such information is usually scarce. In Ethiopia, the impacts of climate change on crops yields is rarely available at the lowest administrative levels such as wards/villages, for the benefits of the grassroots’ populace. Thus, this research sought to evaluate the use of crop water requirements in the estimation of crops’ yield. FAO’s CROPWAT 8.0 application was used to pre-determine the possibility, preceding the use of CROWRAYEM. Both CROPWAT and CROWRAYEM had high coefficients of determination, when tested with a survey data of barley and sorghum farmers’ yield for the 2015 to 2018 cropping season in semi-arid southern Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Furthermore, the infusion of the crop yield into a recently published area yield index insurance payout structure, increases the functionality of the proposed yield estimated model (CROWRAYEM).

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal responses in crop water footprint and benchmark under different irrigation techniques to climate change scenarios in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Yue ◽  
Xiangxiang Ji ◽  
La Zhuo ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zhibin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Crop Water

Abstract. Adaptation to future climate change with limited water resources is a major global challenge to sustainable and sufficient crop production. However, the large-scale responses of crop water footprint and its associated benchmarks under various irrigation techniques to future climate change scenarios remain unclear. The present study quantified the responses of maize and wheat water footprint per unit yield (WFP, m3 t−1) and corresponding WFP benchmarks under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s at a 5-arc minute grid level in the case for China. The differences among rain-fed and furrow-, micro-, and sprinkler-irrigated wheat and maize were identified. Compared with the baseline year (2013), maize WFP will increase under both RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, by 17 % and 13 %, respectively, until the 2080s. Wheat WFP will increase under RCP2.6 (by 12 % until the 2080s), while decrease by 12 % under RCP8.5 until the 2080s. WFP will increase the most for rain-fed crops. Relative to rain-fed crops, micro irrigation and sprinkler irrigation result in the smallest increases in WFP for maize and wheat, respectively. These water-saving managements will more effectively mitigate the negative impact of climate change. Furthermore, the spatial distributions of WFP benchmarks will not change as dramatically as those of WFP. The present study demonstrated that the visible different responses to climate change in terms of crop water consumption, water use efficiency, and WFP benchmarks under different irrigation techniques must be addressed and monitored. It also lays the foundation for future investigations into the influences of irrigation methods, RCPs, and crop types on WFP and its benchmarks in response to climate change in all agricultural regions worldwide.

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