Recent Climate Change in the Lake Kyoga Basin, Uganda: An Analysis Using Short-Term and Long-Term Data with Standardized Precipitation and Anomaly Indexes

Climate change (CC) is now a global challenge due to uncertainties on the drivers and the multifaceted nature of its impacts. It impacts many sectors such as agriculture, water supply, and global economies through temperature and precipitation, affecting many livelihoods. Although there are global, regional, and national studies on CC, their application to determine local CC occurence mitigation and adaptation measures is not ideal. Therefore, this study aimed to determine climate change trends in Lake Kyoga Basin using standardized precipitation and anomaly indexes. Short-term (39 years, 1981–2020) and long-term (59 years, 1961–2020) monthly data from eight strategic meteorological stations were acquired from the Uganda National Meteorological Authority and supplemented with satellite and model reanalysis climate datasets. Change in precipitation was determined by SPI-6, while SAI determined change in temperature. The Mann–Kendall test was used to determine the trend significance. Whereas two (Serere and Lira) long-term data stations showed significant changes in precipitation, all the short-term data stations showed a significant increasing trend. Decadal relative rainfall anomaly increased from 85.6–105 in 1981–1990 to 92.0–120.9 in 2011–2020, while mean temperature anomaly increased from 0.2–0.6 °C to 1.0–1.6 °C in the same period. The frequency of severe wet weather events was more than for dry weather events in many stations, indicating an increase in precipitation. Maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures increased, with resultant warmer nights. The findings showed that the Lake Kyoga basin is experiencing climate change, with both temperature and rainfall increasing spatially and temporarily. Climate change affects agriculture, which is the main economic activity, and causes the destruction of infrastructure from floods, landslides, and mudslides. The results of this study are helpful in pointing out climate change-affected areas, and hence for designing mitigation and adaption strategies for local communities by policy and decision-makers from relevant stakeholders.

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Hydro-Meteorological Trends in an Austrian Low-Mountain Catchment

Climate ◽

10.3390/cli9080122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

Gerald Krebs ◽

David Camhy ◽

Dirk Muschalla

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Regional Impacts ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Annual Scale

While ongoing climate change is well documented, the impacts exhibit a substantial variability, both in direction and magnitude, visible even at regional and local scales. However, the knowledge of regional impacts is crucial for the design of mitigation and adaptation measures, particularly when changes in the hydrological cycle are concerned. In this paper, we present hydro-meteorological trends based on observations from a hydrological research basin in Eastern Austria between 1979 and 2019. The analyzed variables include air temperature, precipitation, and catchment runoff. Additionally, the number of wet days, trends for catchment evapotranspiration, and computed potential evapotranspiration were derived. Long-term trends were computed using a non-parametric Mann–Kendall test. The analysis shows that while mean annual temperatures were decreasing and annual temperature minima remained constant, annual maxima were rising. Long-term trends indicate a shift of precipitation to the summer, with minor variations observed for the remaining seasons and at an annual scale. Observed precipitation intensities mainly increased in spring and summer between 1979 and 2019. Catchment actual evapotranspiration, computed based on catchment precipitation and outflow, showed no significant trend for the observed time period, while potential evapotranspiration rates based on remote sensing data increased between 1981 and 2019.

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Long Term Historic Changes in the Flow of Lesser Zab River, Iraq

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology6010022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rawshan Ali ◽

Arez Ismael ◽

Arien Heryansyah ◽

Nadeem Nawaz

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Scientific Community ◽

River Flow ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Hydraulic Structures ◽

Trend Test ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Sen’S Slope ◽

Water Scarce

The assessment of trends in river flows has become of interest to the scientific community in order to understand the changing characteristics of flow due to climate change. In this study, the trends in river flow of Dukan Dam located in the northern part of Iraq were assessed. The assessment was carried out for the period 1964 to 2013 using Sen’s slope and the Mann–Kendall test. Sen’s slope was used to assess the magnitude of change while the Mann–Kendall trend test was used to confirm the significance of trends. The results of the study showed that there was a decreasing trend in river flow both annually and for all individual months. The highest decreasing trend of −5.08846 m3/month was noticed in April, while the lowest change of −1.06022 m3/month was noticed in November. The annual flow also showed a significant decrease at a rate of −1.912 m3/year at a 95% level of confidence. Additionally, the findings of the study also confirmed that a decrease in precipitation and the construction of hydraulic structures reduced the flow in the river. The findings of the study suggest that decreasing trends may cause a water-scarce situation in the future if proper adaptation measures are not taken.

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Adaptation to Global-Warming-Triggered Water Disasters Measures Taken by Science Council of Japan

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2009.p0003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 3-6

Author(s):

Syunsuke Ikeda ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Global Climate ◽

Social Changes ◽

Development Programs ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

The Social ◽

The Government

As pointed out by Assessment Report 4 of IPCC, global climate change will increase the magnitude and frequency of water-related disasters such as flooding, surge and drought. In addition to this the social changes such as population problems in Japan will aggravate the vulnerability to the disasters. Two concepts to cope with the water-related disasters triggered by climate change are adaptation and mitigation. Though abatement of GHG gas emissions has been eagerly argued, Japan should be more concerned with and take the initiative both for mitigation and adaptation. As adaptation measures for water-related disasters, 3 measures are proposed in this paper; building disaster-awareness societies, building physical/social structures, and adaptation R&D. In addition to them, it is necessary to bring reconstruction of the national land into medium- and long term views as paradigm shift. In this paper, the following recommendations are proposed for the adaptation: the Japanese government should be aware of the importance of adaptation and strongly promote adaptation to mitigate water-related disasters, and the government should also cooperate in establishing adaptation in sustaining development of Asian monsoon areas and development programs.

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Endless November? Citizen Beliefs Concerning Wood As A Construction Material Under Extreme Weather Events

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1114583/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Anni Vehola ◽

Elias Hurmekoski ◽

Katja Lähtinen ◽

Enni Ruokamo ◽

Anders Roos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Construction Material ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Future Research ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Wood Construction ◽

Weather Events

Abstract Climate change places great pressure on the construction sector to decrease its greenhouse gas emissions and to create solutions that perform well in changing weather conditions. In the urbanizing world, wood construction has been identified as one of the opportunities for mitigating these emissions. Our study explores citizen opinions on wood usage as a building material under expected mitigation and adaptation measures aimed at a changing climate and extreme weather events. The data are founded on an internet-based survey material collected from a consumer panel from Finland and Sweden during May–June 2021, with a total of 2015 responses. By employing exploratory factor analysis, we identified similar belief structures for the two countries, consisting of both positive and negative views on wood construction. In linear regressions for predicting these opinions, the perceived seriousness of climate change was found to increase positive views on wood construction but was insignificant for negative views. Both in Finland and Sweden, higher familiarity with wooden multistory construction was found to connect with more positive opinions on the potential of wood in building, e.g., due to carbon storage properties and material attributes. Our findings underline the potential of wood material use as one avenue of climate change adaptation in the built environment. Future research should study how citizens’ concerns for extreme weather events affect their future material preferences in their everyday living environments, also beyond the Nordic region.

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Anticipating Climate Armageddon

Futureproof ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300228670.003.0004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 66-90

Author(s):

Jon Coaffee

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Coping Mechanisms ◽

Focused Attention ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Multiple Systems ◽

The Past ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Extreme Risk ◽

And Coping

This chapter argues that surviving and thriving in the age of climate change is going to require more than mere protection and coping mechanisms. It will demand that we are bold and innovative, and that we embrace uncertainty and commit to transformation. The extreme risk of climate change has led to various mitigation and adaptation measures that further focused attention on the process of resilience building and guided us towards embracing increasingly holistic and collaborative ways of working across multiple systems, networks, and scales from the local to the trans-national. These can be increasingly progressive and proactive ways of thinking that work for the long-term future. This further requires us to move beyond a narrow range of options based on the past and develop a range of more adaptable solutions, or pathways, into the future in response to contemporary and future ‘unknown’ risks brought forth by a changing climate.

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Comments about Urban Bioclimate Aspects for Consideration in Urban Climate and Planning Issues in the Era of Climate Change

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12050546 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 546

Author(s):

Andreas Matzarakis

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Urban Climate ◽

Heat Island ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Urban Heat

In the era of climate change, before developing and establishing mitigation and adaptation measures that counteract urban heat island (UHI) effects [...]

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Prediction of Long Term Stress Rupture Data for 2124

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1041 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 519-521 ◽

pp. 1041-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brian Wilshire ◽

H. Burt ◽

N.P. Lavery

Keyword(s):

Q Methodology ◽

Fracture Behavior ◽

Stress Rupture ◽

Creep Data ◽

Short Term ◽

Rupture Data ◽

Term Creep ◽

Term Data ◽

Short Term Creep

The standard power law approaches widely used to describe creep and creep fracture behavior have not led to theories capable of predicting long-term data. Similarly, traditional parametric methods for property rationalization also have limited predictive capabilities. In contrast, quantifying the shapes of short-term creep curves using the q methodology introduces several physically-meaningful procedures for creep data rationalization and prediction, which allow straightforward estimation of the 100,000 hour stress rupture values for the aluminum alloy, 2124.

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Gender, Forests and Climate Change

10.18235/0003072 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paloma Marcos Morezuelas

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Forest Products ◽

Value Chains ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Payment Schemes ◽

Gender Lens ◽

Change Mitigation

As users of forest products and guardians of traditional knowledge, women have always been involved in forestry. Nevertheless, their access to forest resources and benefits and participation in forest management is limited compared to mens despite the fact that trees are more important to women, who depend on them for their families food security, income generation and cooking fuel. This guide aims to facilitate the incorporation of a gender lens in climate change mitigation and adaptation operations in forests, with special attention to those framed in REDD. This guide addresses four themes value chains, environmental payment schemes, firewood and biodiversity that relate directly to 1) how climate change impacts affect women in the forest and 2) how mitigation and adaptation measures affect womens access to resources and benefits distribution.

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Towards Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Comparative Sociology ◽

10.1163/15691330-bja10028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 138-158

Author(s):

Umer Khayyam ◽

Rida Bano ◽

Shahzad Alvi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Capital City ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Level Of Motivation ◽

The University

Abstract Global climate change is one of the main threats facing humanity and the impacts on natural systems as well as humans are expected to be severe. People can take action against these threats through two approaches: mitigation and adaptation. However, mitigations and adaptations are contingent on the level of motivation and awareness, as well as socio-economic and environmental conditions. This study examined personal perception and motivation to mitigate and adapt to climate change among the university students in the capital city of Pakistan. We divided the respondents into social sciences, applied sciences and natural sciences, using logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that students who perceive severity, benefits from preparation, and have more information about climate change were 1.57, 4.98 and 1.63 times more likely to take mitigation and 1.47, 1.14 and 1.17 times more likely to take adaptation measures, respectively. Students who perceived self-efficacy, obstacles to protect from the negative consequences of climate change and who belonged to affluent families were more likely to take mitigation measures and less likely to take adaptation strategies. However, mitigation and adaptation were unaffected by age, gender and study discipline.

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