scholarly journals Coating of Nanolipid Structures by a Novel Simil-Microfluidic Technique: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Angela Barba ◽  
Sabrina Bochicchio ◽  
Paolo Bertoncin ◽  
Gaetano Lamberti ◽  
Annalisa Dalmoro
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Oppositely Charged ◽  
Interesting Solution ◽  
Microfluidic Technique

Nanolipid vesicular structures are ideal candidates for the controlled release of various ingredients, from vitamins for nutraceutical purposes to chemoterapic drugs. To improve their stability, permeability, and some specific surface properties, such as mucoadhesiveness, these structures can require a process of surface engineering. The interaction of lipid vesicles with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes seems to be an interesting solution, especially when the negatively charged liposomes are complexed with the cationic chitosan. In this work, a novel simil-microfluidic technique was used to produce both chitosan-coated vesicles and a vegan alternative composed of cholesterol-free liposomes coated by Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (Guar-HC). The combination between the experimental approach, based on experimental observations in terms of Z-potential, and size evolutions, and the theoretical approach, based on concepts of saturation, was the methodology applied to define the best polycation concentration to fairly cover (vegan or not) liposomes without aggregation. The smart production of coated nanolipid structures was confirmed by characterizations of morphology, mucoadhesiveness, and stability.

scholarly journals Variety of theoretical approaches to legal interpretation

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
A. Yе. Shevchenko ◽  
S. V. Kudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

The article explores the variety of theoretical approaches to legal interpretation. It has been determined that the variety of approaches to legal interpretation is due to the complexity of the nature of the origin of this phenomenon, the conditions for the development of post-non-classical science, and the recent influence of the paradigm of comparism, which assumes pluralism of opinions and ideas in legal research. It was found that in modern science there are four traditional theoretical approaches to the essence of legal interpretation. It has been determined that the content of the first approach is revealed within the framework of legal hermeneutics through a number of categories. The essence of the second approach (formal dogmatic or static) is expressed in the fact that the subject of interpretation must strictly and rigorously follow the letter of the law, establish only the meaning of the normative legal act, which the lawmaking body enshrined in it at the time of the publication of the act. That is why normative legal acts cannot, through interpretation, adapt to the changing economic, social, political, cultural internal and external conditions of public life. It is proved that the essence of the dynamic theoretical approach lies in the fact that the subject of legal interpretation adapts the normative legal act to the changes that occur in various social relations. It was found that there is a contradiction between the dynamic and static approaches in legal interpretation, which is reflected in the traditionally called objective and subjective theories of interpretation. According to the subjective theory, the purpose of legal interpretation is to establish the «will of the legislator», and according to the objective theory – to establish the «will of the law». It has been substantiated that the essence of the activity approach is that interpretation is considered as a special kind of legal activity aimed at understanding and clarifying the content of legal texts. The authors of this article point out that in order to establish the true nature of legal interpretation, the methodological foundations of the study should be presented much broader and more diverse, and not be limited only to traditional approaches. When studying it, a comprehensive, integrative approach is needed, which, based on the relevance of interdisciplinary relationships, would include logical, language (linguistic), philosophical, sociological, psychological, axiological (value), ethical, legal, historical, economic, political, mathematical and other substantiation of legal interpretation. Keywords: diversity, theoretical approach, legal interpretation, interpretive practice, integrative approach

A “Global Theory of Federalism”: The Nature and Challenges of a Federal State

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gamper
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Global Theory ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character ◽  
Or Economics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Concrete Concept

Innumerable attempts have been made to explore the theoretical nature of federalism. Due to the long history, worldwide existence and interdisciplinary character of federalism, a plethora of literature has been written on the topic. Yet, these endeavours have not even resulted in a clear and commonly used definition of the term. Surely, it is one of the great dilemmas of this field of research that despite so much discussion, there is no settled common denominator of ‘federalism'. Whereas practical studies and exchange of experience between the various federal systems offer a more conventional research arena, comparative theoretical approaches are much more seldom. This is not the least because of the tremendous semantic challenges of a comparative theoretical approach. At first glance, it is sometimes difficult to understand the terminology of federalism, the meaning of which differs according to the perspectives of constitutional law, political science or economics. Even more difficulty arises when the substance of federal theories is discussed. Again, differences between theories may be due to different academic approaches, particularly between understanding federalism as an overall principle or as a more concrete concept of a federal state and, in particular, whether the constituent units of a federal state are states, and, if states, whether they are sovereign.

scholarly journals Theoretical approaches towards the steps of nongovernmental actors in world politics: global paradiplomacy of the Iraqi Kurdistan (KRI).

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Dalsooz Jalal Hussein
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
International Politics ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
State Actor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Actors

This article presents a theoretical approach towards the global political steps of non-state actors. Particular attention is given to a number of theories of international relations, such as neorealism, international liberalism, and constructivism, which are able to encompass current global actions of non-state political actors. For a clearer perspective on the subject matter, the article employs the example of Iraqi Kurdistan (KRI); as a non-state actor, KRI has recently become a vivid example for the theories of international relations. The conclusion is made that security, economy, culture, religion and identity are the key and post powerful instruments of non-state actors of international politics. The example of KRI demonstrates that international relations of non-state actors focus on security, economy and culture, as well as serve as the instruments of interaction with both, state and non-state actors. The article reviews such activity within the framework of neorealism, international liberalism, and constructivism. It is underlines that the example of Iraqi Kurdistan (KRI) fully meets all the criteria of a non-state actor of international politics. It is also a brilliant example for the theories of international relations.

Representation and Interpretation of Sketches in Mechanical Design: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zeng ◽  
A. Pardasani ◽  
H. Antunes ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
J. Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Automobile Assembly ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

This paper aims to establish a theoretical foundation for representing and interpreting free-hand design sketches throughout the conceptual design process. Both experimental and theoretical approaches are used. In using the experimental approach, one case study from a book and one case study from an automobile assembly system manufacturer are used to illustrate the characteristics of design sketches. These characteristics provide the requirements for models of sketch representation and interpretation. In using the theoretical approach, a mathematical structure of design sketches is established. This mathematical structure can naturally and logically model the evolving sketches generated in the design process, through integrating the strengths of set theory and mereology. Based on the results of these two approaches, a design sketch language is developed to be a formal foundation of sketch representation and interpretation.

Controlled Release of 5‐Fluorouracil from Alginate Hydrogels by Cold HMDSO−Plasma Surface Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2168-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganeswar Dalei ◽  
Salonee Swain ◽  
Subhraseema Das ◽  
Smruti P. Das
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Plasma Surface ◽  
Alginate Hydrogels

Photoluminescence modulation of an atomically precise silver(i)–thiolate cluster via site-specific surface engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (42) ◽  
pp. 14884-14888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Li ◽  
Wen-Min Zhang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Zhao-Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Pyridyl Ligands ◽  
Wide Range

Wide-range photoluminescence modulation of a Ag12 nanocluster was achieved by site-specific surface modification with a variety of fluorescent pyridyl ligands.

scholarly journals Covariant description of X-ray diffraction from anisotropically relaxed epitaxial structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zhylik ◽  
A. Benediktovitch ◽  
I. Feranchuk ◽  
K. Inaba ◽  
A. Mikhalychev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Diffraction Plane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Covariant Description

A general theoretical approach to the description of epitaxial layers with essentially different cell parameters and in-plane relaxation anisotropy has been developed. A covariant description of relaxation in such structures has been introduced. An iteration method for evaluation of these parameters on the basis of the diffraction data set has been worked out together with error analysis and reliability checking. The validity of the presented theoretical approaches has been proved with a-ZnO on r-sapphire samples grown in the temperature range from 573 K up to 1073 K. A covariant description of relaxation anisotropy for these samples has been estimated with data measured for different directions of the diffraction plane relative to the sample surface.

scholarly journals A Polite Foucault? Eighteenth-Century Politeness as a Disciplinary System and Practice of the Self

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-189
Author(s):  
Soile Ylivuori
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Normative Identity ◽  
Disciplinary System ◽  
Opening Up

Even though eighteenth-century politeness as a means of creating identity has recently been under much scholarly investigation, it has not been properly considered using theoretical approaches of identity and subjectivity as aids of analysis. This article examines politeness within two Foucauldian theoretical frameworks: as a disciplinary system and as an enabling practice of the self. The first approach sheds light on politeness as a kind of panopticon – an apparatus of power/knowledge, producing normative identity through constant surveillance. The second approach examines politeness from the individual's perspective, mapping out strategies of assuming and building polite subjectivity. My argument is that eighteenth-century politeness was not only a normalizing system of power, but also a practice of individuality and freedom. From this basis, I claim that a Foucauldian theoretical approach provides a fruitful new reading of politeness, opening up new areas of research.

scholarly journals Mobilizing a pluralist theoretical approach to understand microlending digital platforms: the AfricaMC case

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric van Heck ◽  
Ana Clara Souza ◽  
Marlei Pozzebon ◽  
Maira Petrini
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Online Auction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Auction Models ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Purpose This study aims to explore how a microlending digital platform connects social investors in developed countries and micro-entrepreneurs in Africa. However, additional research is necessary to discuss how online auction models are designed and implemented and how existing theories can explain their use in the so-called developing countries. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on a single case study: an online auction model for microlending named AfricaMC. Two main methods collected empirical data, namely, online participant observation, i.e. real-time participation in the online auction market and in the forum of discussions, where the authors observed the processes of microlending transactions as registered members; analysis of online documents, by reviewing forum discussions, analyzing reports, blogs, chats and other materials. Findings The results suggest that using sociological and information systems theoretical lenses in a complementary manner could provide greater value than using economics. Originality/value The study makes two main contributions. First, it mobilizes a pluralist theoretical approach based on economic, sociological and information systems perspectives to improve the understanding of microlending digital platforms using online auction models. Second, it uses the understanding produced from data analysis of one particular African case to validate propositions derived from these three theoretical approaches that might be applied to other cases.

scholarly journals THE THEORETICAL APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF THE MECHANISM OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNAL MARKET OF INNOVATIVE GOODS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1(74)) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
A.I. BUTENKO ◽  
Y.T. SHTOKA ◽  
A.V. SHLAFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Technological Entrepreneurship ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Topicality. The urgency of improving the mechanisms for implementing the state policy for the development of the internal market for innovative goods as a basis for the efficient use of innovative potential of technological entrepreneurship in Ukraine today is increasing due to the need to stimulate the entry into the national and global market of domestic technologies and knowledge-intensive products, ensuring the sustainability of technological entrepreneurship, which uses the knowledge and results obtained technologies for forming new products and services, which is positive change the structure of the national economy. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop a theoretical approach to the formation of the mechanism of implementation of the state policy for the development of the internal market for innovative goods in Ukraine in order to create favorable conditions for the fullest use of the innovative potential of technological entrepreneurship. Research results. The theoretical approach to the formation of the mechanism for the implementation of the state policy for the development of the internal market for innovative goods based on the systematic combination of information and process approaches, and as a complex mechanism that must include both the management mechanism (as an instrument of influence) and the interaction mechanism (as a tool for interaction of all sub market). Determined: purpose, methodological principles of mechanism construction (principle of adaptability: mechanism must respond quickly to changes in external and internal factors; principle of integrity: mechanism must have stable, long-lasting relationships that can withstand external and internal loads; principle of self-organization: providing opportunities for all subjects to choose and combine directions, forms of interaction, methods of solving problems, the principle of property protection: any property of all market actors, especially intellectual, must be protected; investment protection principle: investment in research, technological entrepreneurship, etc. of all market entities must be protected; the principle of manufacturability: the elements of the mechanism and their relationships must be built on innovation and information bases; the design principle: the decomposition of goals and their achievement in within the framework of projects (including national, regional, sectoral, etc.); principle of reconciliation of interests; and mechanism itself in the form of a holistic system that includes: object, center, algorithm, desired results, factors, assumptions, and elements that provide active feedback to the subjects and center. Conclusion. A promising application area for the implementation of the proposed theoretical approaches is to create, through the implementation of the proposed mechanism, favorable conditions for the fullest use of the innovative potential of technological entrepreneurship in Ukraine.

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