scholarly journals Reliable Methodologies and Impactful Tools to Control Fruit Tree Viruses

Crops ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Michel Ravelonandro
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Relevant Concept ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Modern Biotechnology

Viruses are microbes that have high economic impacts on the ecosystem. Widely spread by humans, plant viruses infect not only crops but also wild species. There is neither a cure nor a treatment against viruses. While chemists have developed further research of inefficient curative products, the relevant concept based on sanitary measures is consistently valuable. In this context, two major strategies remain indisputable. First, there are control measures via diagnostics presently addressing the valuable technologies and tools developed in the last four decades. Second, there is the relevant use of modern biotechnology to improve the competitiveness of fruit-tree growers.

Spray Tests on Citrus to Control Fruit Tree Leaf Roller1

1951 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Laurence E. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Tree Leaf

Ethephon Alters the Physiology of Young Apple Fruits

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 497b-497
Author(s):  
Daniel Ward ◽  
Richard Marini
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Methods are needed to quickly assess the efficacy of chemical thinning treatments, so, if needed, additional treatments can be applied. When fruit diameter averaged 19 mm, `Smoothee' trees were sprayed with Ethrel at the rate of 3.7 ml formulation/L to induce abscission of most fruits on the tree. The diameter of 10 fruit/tree were measured daily and fruits were sampled 2, 4, and 6 days after treatment (DAT) to evaluate fruit development. Fruit on nontreated trees increased in diameter at the rate of about 0.7 to 0.9 mm/day. Fruit growth on treated trees was normal for 1 day, slowed to 0.5 mm for 2 days, and grew <0.1 mm/day thereafter. Fruit water potential was less negative for treated trees 2 DAT. Fresh and dry mass of treated fruit ceased increasing after 4 DAT. Percent dry mass of control fruit declined on each sampling date, but did not decline for treated fruit after 4 DAT. Cellulase was active in the abscission zone 4 DAT for treated fruit, but not control fruit. Compared to control fruit 6 DAT, treated fruit had elevated respiration and less starch accumulation. Fruits began to abscise 6 DAT. Following Ethrel application. The first indication that a fruit is destined to abscise are reduced fruit growth and changes in water potential 2 DAT.

scholarly journals Recent Advances on Detection and Characterization of Fruit Tree Viruses Using High-Throughput Sequencing Technologies

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Maliogka ◽  
Angelantonio Minafra ◽  
Pasquale Saldarelli ◽  
Ana Ruiz-García ◽  
Miroslav Glasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Recent Advances

Perennial crops, such as fruit trees, are infected by many viruses, which are transmitted through vegetative propagation and grafting of infected plant material. Some of these pathogens cause severe crop losses and often reduce the productive life of the orchards. Detection and characterization of these agents in fruit trees is challenging, however, during the last years, the wide application of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies has significantly facilitated this task. In this review, we present recent advances in the discovery, detection, and characterization of fruit tree viruses and virus-like agents accomplished by HTS approaches. A high number of new viruses have been described in the last 5 years, some of them exhibiting novel genomic features that have led to the proposal of the creation of new genera, and the revision of the current virus taxonomy status. Interestingly, several of the newly identified viruses belong to virus genera previously unknown to infect fruit tree species (e.g., Fabavirus, Luteovirus) a fact that challenges our perspective of plant viruses in general. Finally, applied methodologies, including the use of different molecules as templates, as well as advantages and disadvantages and future directions of HTS in fruit tree virology are discussed.

scholarly journals Roles of Small RNAs in Virus-Plant Interactions

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baogang Zhang ◽  
Wenji Li ◽  
Jialin Zhang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Jianguo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Diverse Plant

Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are non-coding but powerful RNA molecules of 20–30 nucleotides in length. sRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in diverse plant biological processes. Recently, many studies on sRNAs have been reported. We summarize new findings of sRNAs in virus-plant interactions to accelerate the function analysis of sRNAs. The main content of this review article includes three parts: virus-responsive sRNAs, function analysis of sRNAs in virus pathogenicity or host resistance, and some sRNAs-mediated underlying mechanisms in virus-plant interactions. New findings of sRNAs deepen our understanding about sRNAs’ roles, which might contribute to the design of novel control measures against plant viruses.

scholarly journals DINAMIKA POPULASI LALAT BUAH (Diptera: Tephritidae) PADA TANAMAN BUAH-BUAHAN DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAY

Agrin ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Heriza
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Bactrocera Carambolae ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Fruit Plants

Kegiatan penelitian Dinamika Populasi Lalat Buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pada Tanaman Buah-Buahan DiKabupaten Dharmasraya ini telah dilakukan mulai pada tanggal 1Agustus 2016 sampai dengan tanggal 10November 2016 di Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Kegiatan penelitian ini adalah sebuah penelitian untuk memperkayapengetahuan mengenai lalat buah yang meliputi kesamaan, kelimpahan, dominansi lalat buah pada tanaman buahbuahandi Dharmasraya, dan dapat membantu dalam upaya pengendalian hama lalat buah pada tanaman buahbuahanyang dibudidayakan. Data penelitian diambil dari mengumpulkan buah busuk yang ada di pasar KabupatenDharmasraya dan trapping di sentra buah-buahan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Propinsi Sumatera Barat kemudiandibawa ke Laboratorium Entomologi Prodi Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Kampus III Universitas AndalasDharmasraya untuk diidentifikasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini terlihat keragaman spesies lalat buah di pasar dan disentra buah-buahan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya sangat rendah dan di dominansi oleh spesies Bactroceracarambolae dan Bactrocera papayae, dan ditemukan 6 spesies lalat buah yang ada di lokasi pasar dan sentra buahbuahan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya yaitu Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera carambolae Drew &Hancock, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillete, Bactrocera caudata Fabricius danBactrocera albistrigata de Maijere (Diptera:Tephritidae).Kata Kunci: populasi, lalat buah, tanaman buahABSTRACTResearch activities Fruit Fly Dynamics Population (Diptera: Tephritidae) On Fruit Plants In DharmasrayaDistrict has been done starting on August 1st ,2016 until November 10th, 2016 at Dharmasraya District. Thisresearch activity are research to enrich the knowledge of fruit flies that include similarity, abundance, dominanceof fruit flies in fruit crops in Dharmasraya, and can help in the effort to control fruit fly pests on fruit tree. Datawere taken from collected rotten fruit on the market Dharmasraya and trapping in the center of fruits inDharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province and then taken to the Laboratory of Entomology Faculty ofAgriculture Campus III University of Andalas Dharmasraya will be identified. From the results of this study looksdiversity of species of fruit flies in the market and at the central fruit in Dharmasraya very low and in dominanceby species Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae, and found six fruit fly species that exist in the marketplace and center for fruits in the District Dharmasraya namely Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, Bactroceracarambolae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillete, Bactroceracaudata Fabricius and Bactrocera albistrigata de Maijere (Diptera: Tephritidae).Key words: Population, Fruit Flies, Fruit Crops

scholarly journals Field Application of Nanoliposomes Delivered Quercetin by Inhibiting Specific hsp70 Gene Expression Against Plant Virus Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kaiqiang Hao ◽  
Fangfei Yu ◽  
Lili Shen ◽  
Fenglong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Control Efficiency

Abstract The annual economic loss caused by plant viruses exceeds 10 billion dollars due to the lack of ideal control measures. Quercetin is a flavonol compound that exerts a control effect on plant virus diseases, but its poor solubility and stability limit the control efficiency. Fortunately, the development of nanopesticides has led to new ideas. In this study, 117 nm quercetin nanoliposomes with excellent stability were prepared from biomaterials, and few surfactants and stabilizers were added to optimize the formula. Nbhsp70er-1 and Nbhsp70c-A were found to be the target genes of quercetin, through abiotic and biotic stress, and the nanoliposomes improved the inhibitory effect at the gene and protein levels by 33.6% and 42%, respectively. Finally, the results of field experiment showed that the control efficiency was 38% higher than that of the conventional quercetin formulation and higher than those of other antiviral agents. This research is the first to report the combination of biological antiviral agents and nanotechnology to control plant virus diseases, and it significantly improved the control efficiency and reduced the use of traditional chemical pesticides.

scholarly journals Tiny Flies: A Mighty Pest That Threatens Agricultural Productivity—A Case for Next-Generation Control Strategies of Whiteflies

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Sharad Saurabh ◽  
Manisha Mishra ◽  
Preeti Rai ◽  
Rashmi Pandey ◽  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Actual Loss

Whiteflies are a group of universally occurring insects that are considered to be a serious pest in their own way for causing both direct and indirect damages to crops. A few of them serve as vectors of plant viruses that are detrimental to the crop in question and cause an actual loss in productivity. A lot of attention is focused on pest control measures under the umbrella of IPM. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature on how and why whiteflies are a serious concern for agriculture and society. We reviewed why there could be a need for fresh insight into the ways and means with which the pest can be combated. Here, we have emphasized next-generation strategies based on macromolecules, i.e., RNA interference and genetic engineering (for the expression of anti-whitefly proteins), as these strategies possess the greatest scope for research and improvement in the future. Recent scientific efforts based on nanotechnology and genome editing, which seem to offer great potential for whitefly/crop pest control, have been discussed. Comprehensive apprehensions related to obstacles in the path of taking lab-ready technologies into the farmers’ field have also been highlighted. Although the use of RNAi, GM crops, nanotechnologies, for the control of whiteflies needs to be evaluated in the field, there is an emerging range of possible applications with promising prospects for the control of these tiny flies that are mighty pests.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a Lebanese isolate of Beauveria sp. for the biocontrol of Bemisia tabaci

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Farah Baroudy ◽  
◽  
lvis Gerges ◽  
ucia Hanna ◽  
Hana Sobh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Whitefly ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The sweetpotato/cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) is a major pest of several crops worldwide. In addition to the direct damage induced, it has the ability to transmit some of the most dangerous plant viruses rendering it a very critical pest.The development of whitefly resistance to several groups of pesticides forced farmers and researchers to adopt integrated pest management strategies and to look for alternative control measures. Studies using molecular markersshowed the coexistence in Lebanon oftwo species, the “Middle East-Asia Minor 1 species” also known as biotype B and the “Mediterranean species”also known as biotype Q. In greenhouse trials, the Beauveriapseudobassianaisolated in Lebanon wasfound to be quite efficient for themanagement ofB. tabaci. Sprays containing spore suspensions of 107spores/mL caused around75% mortality of the early growth stages: egg, crawler,second and third instar larvae. The addition of a surfactant such as corn oil improved the mortality level thatreached 98% in the egg /crawler stage and 84% in the second and third instar larvae at a spore concentration as low as 105conidia/mL. In view of the promising results, further medium size trials under commercial greenhouse conditions are planned.

scholarly journals Field application of nanoliposomes delivered quercetin by inhibiting specific hsp70 gene expression against plant virus disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kaiqiang Hao ◽  
Fangfei Yu ◽  
Lili Shen ◽  
Fenglong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Control Efficiency

Abstract Background The annual economic loss caused by plant viruses exceeds 10 billion dollars due to the lack of ideal control measures. Quercetin is a flavonol compound that exerts a control effect on plant virus diseases, but its poor solubility and stability limit the control efficiency. Fortunately, the development of nanopesticides has led to new ideas. Results In this study, 117 nm quercetin nanoliposomes with excellent stability were prepared from biomaterials, and few surfactants and stabilizers were added to optimize the formula. Nbhsp70er-1 and Nbhsp70c-A were found to be the target genes of quercetin, through abiotic and biotic stress, and the nanoliposomes improved the inhibitory effect at the gene and protein levels by 33.6 and 42%, respectively. Finally, the results of field experiment showed that the control efficiency was 38% higher than that of the conventional quercetin formulation and higher than those of other antiviral agents. Conclusion This research innovatively reports the combination of biological antiviral agents and nanotechnology to control plant virus diseases, and it significantly improved the control efficiency and reduced the use of traditional chemical pesticides. Graphical Abstract

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