scholarly journals Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Recent Advances

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Hang Yang ◽  
Bing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
World Population ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects approximately 50% of the world population. Its infection is associated with gastropathies, extra-gastric digestive diseases, and diseases of other systems. There is a canonical process from acute-on-chronic inflammation, chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia, and intraepithelial neoplasia, eventually to gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori eradication abolishes the inflammatory response and early treatment prevents the progression to preneoplastic lesions. Methods: the test-and-treat strategy, endoscopy-based strategy, and screen-and-treat strategy are recommended to prevent GC based on risk stratification, prevalence, and patients’ clinical manifestations and conditions. Challenges contain false-negative results, increasing antibiotic resistance, decreasing eradication rate, and poor retesting rate. Present diagnosis methods are mainly based on invasive endoscopy and noninvasive laboratory testing. Results: to improve the accuracy and effectiveness and reduce the missed diagnosis, some advances were achieved including newer imaging techniques (such as image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE), artificial intelligence (AI) technology, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR). Conclusion: in the article, we summarized the diagnosis methods of H. pylori infection and recent advances, further finding out the opportunities in challenges.

Synthesis and In Vitro Enzymatic Studies of New 3-Aryldiazenyl Indoles as Promising Helicobacter pylori IMPDH Inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Jangra ◽  
Gayathri Purushothaman ◽  
Kapil Juvale ◽  
Srimadhavi Ravi ◽  
Aishwarya Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
World Population ◽  
Inhibitor Molecule ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
H Pylori

Background & Objective:Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the primary causes of peptic ulcer followed by gastric cancer in the world population. Due to increased occurrences of multi-drug resistance to the currently available antibiotics, there is an urgent need for a new class of drugs against H. pylori. Inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a metabolic enzyme plays a significant role in cell proliferation and cell growth. It catalyses guanine nucleotide synthesis. IMPDH enzyme has been exploited as a target for antiviral, anticancer and immunosuppressive drugs. Recently, bacterial IMPDH has been studied as a potential target for treating bacterial infections. Differences in the structural and kinetic parameters of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic IMPDH make it possible to target bacterial enzyme selectively.Methods:In the current work, we have synthesised and studied the effect of substituted 3-aryldiazenyl indoles on Helicobacter pylori IMPDH (HpIMPDH) activity. The synthesised molecules were examined for their inhibitory potential against recombinant HpIMPDH.Results:In this study, compounds 1 and 2 were found to be the most potent inhibitors amongst the database with IC50 of 0.8 ± 0.02µM and 1 ± 0.03 µM, respectively.Conclusion:When compared to the most potent known HpIMPDH inhibitor molecule C91, 1 was only four-fold less potent and can be a good lead for further development of selective and potent inhibitors of HpIMPDH.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori infection in Iran: demographic, endoscopic and pathological factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Amineh Hojati ◽  
Sara Kokabpeyk ◽  
Salma Yaghoubi ◽  
Farahnaz Joukar ◽  
Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most important risk factor for gastritis and peptic ulcer. However, factors other than H. pylori are involved in its pathogenesis. In the current study, we aimed to compare the clinical manifestations and endoscopic and histopathological findings of patients with and without H. pylori infection. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 233 patients with dyspepsia, referred for endoscopy, were examined regarding the presence of H. pylori infection. During an endoscopic exam, 5 biopsy specimens were taken from the stomach. The criteria for the presence of H. pylori infection was the presence and identification of bacteria in pathology. Two groups of H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients were compared regarding their demographic, endoscopic, and pathological findings. Results Of 233 patients, 154 (66.1%) were non-smokers, 201 (86.3%) were not alcohol users, and 153 (65.7%) used tap water. The most common symptom, reported in 157 (67.4%) patients, was epigastric pain. There was a significant difference between patients with and without H. pylori infection in terms of the educational status, occupational status, family history of gastrointestinal cancer, and some gastrointestinal symptoms. Also, there was a significant relationship between the endoscopic and pathological findings of patients with H. pylori. Conclusions The results of the present study revealed that H. pylori infection was not associated with sex, alcohol consumption, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The role of H. pylori in the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer was clarified. Also, there was a significant difference in the endoscopic and pathological findings of patients with H. pylori.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI TEN YEARS AGO COMPARED TO THE CURRENT PREVALENCE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING UPPER ENDOSCOPY

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra FRUGIS ◽  
Nicolau Gregori CZECZKO ◽  
Osvaldo MALAFAIA ◽  
Artur Adolfo PARADA ◽  
Paula Bechara POLETTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Upper Endoscopy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori has been extensively studied since 1982 it is estimated that 50% of the world population is affected. The literature lacks studies that show the change of its prevalence in the same population over time. Aim: To compare the prevalence of H. pylori in 10 years interval in a population that was submitted to upper endoscopy in the same endoscopy service. Method: Observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of H. pylori in two samples with 10 years apart (2004 and 2014) who underwent endoscopy with biopsy and urease. Patients were studied in three consecutive months of 2004, compared to three consecutive months of 2014. The total number of patients was 2536, and 1406 in 2004 and 1130 in 2014. Results: There were positive for H. pylori in 17 % of the sample as a whole. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence from 19.3% in 2004 to 14.1% in 2014 (p<0.005). Conclusion: There was a 5.2% reduction in the prevalence of H. pylori comparing two periods of three consecutive months with 10 years apart in two equivalent population samples.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE TO AMOXICILLIN, CLARITHROMYCIN AND CIPROFLOXACIN OF Helicobacter pylori ISOLATED FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL PATIENTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ulrich Picoli ◽  
Luiz Edmundo Mazzoleni ◽  
Heriberto Fernández ◽  
Laura Renata De Bona ◽  
Erli Neuhauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
British Society ◽  
World Population ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
First Line ◽  
The World ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
H Pylori

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria which infects half the world population and is an important cause of gastric cancer. The eradication therapy is not always effective because resistance to antimicrobials may occur. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility profile of H. pylori to amoxicillin, clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin in the population of Southern Brazil. Material and methods: Fifty four samples of H. pylori were evaluated. The antibiotics susceptibility was determined according to the guidelines of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy and the Comité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie. Results: Six (11.1%) H. pylori isolates were resistant to clarithromycin, one (1.9%) to amoxicillin and three (5.5%) to ciprofloxacin. These indices of resistance are considered satisfactory and show that all of these antibiotics can be used in the empirical therapy. Conclusion: The antibiotics amoxicillin and clarithromycin are still a good option for first line anti-H. pylori treatment in the population of Southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori: From Infection to Cure

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
ABR Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
H Pylori

Over 380 abstracts, presentations and posters of recent advances were highlighted at the European and InternationalHelicobacter pylorimeeting held July 7 to 9, 1995 in Edinburgh, Scotland. New advances abound, with major interest focusing on the simple, safe, inexpensive new `gold standard’ forH pylorieradication therapy: a single week of tid omeprazole 20 mg, metronidazole 400 mg and clarithromycin 250 mg, or omeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and clarithromycin 500 mg. To avoid false negative results, two biopsies must be taken from the antrum and two from the gastric body at least four weeks after completion of eradication therapy, and ideally should be supplemented with at least one furtherH pyloritest such as a biopsy for urease activity or culture, or a urea breath test. While most patients with a gastric or duodenal ulcer (DU) who do not consume nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are infected withH pylori, the association is much less apparent in those with a DU who present with an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.H pylorieradication for nonulcer dyspepsia is not widely recommended, and the patient with a DU given effectiveH pylorieradication who presents with dyspepsia likely has erosive esophagitis rather than recurrent DU orH pylori. Gastroenterologists are at increased risk ofH pyloriinfection, particularly older gastroenterologists who are very busy endoscopists.

scholarly journals Clinical and Endoscopic Features in Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ghina Tsuraya Salsabila Budiman ◽  
Muhammad Begawan Bestari ◽  
Sri Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Peptic Ulcers

Helicobacter pylori is a common infection worldwide and can cause functional dyspepsia, gastritis, and peptic ulcers, leading to gastric cancer. The very diverse clinical outcomes and symptoms of this infection are difficult to distinguish from one another. Endoscopy is one of the methods used to detect Helicobacter pylori infection. Still, it has various endoscopic features, has the possibility of false-negative results, and requires skill to get the maximum results.This study found that infection can cause various clinical manifestations due to different virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori bacteria. In functional dyspepsia, the patient's most common symptoms are epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. In gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection often causes chronic gastritis with topographic features of pangastritis, and endoscopic features that are usually found are redness, swelling, and regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC). The most common symptom in peptic ulcers is pain that occurs after eating or at night, and this infection can cause duodenal and gastric ulcers. Currently, the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial. In gastric cancer, the most common symptoms are weight loss and repeated vomiting. This infection is more likely to causes intestinal-type gastric cancer.

scholarly journals SHP2-independent tyrosine dephosphorylation of cortactin and vinculin during infection with Helicobacter pylori

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Jakob Knorr ◽  
Steffen Backert ◽  
Nicole Tegtmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
World Population ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Ags Cells ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
H Pylori

The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori colonizes approximately half of the human world population. The bacterium injects the effector protein cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) via a type-IV secretion system into host epithelial cells, where the protein becomes phosphorylated at specific EPIYA-motifs by cellular kinases. Inside the host cell, CagA can interact with over 25 different proteins in both phosphorylation-dependent and phosphorylation-independent manners, resulting in manipulation of host-cell signaling pathways. During the course of an H. pylori infection, certain host-cell proteins undergo tyrosine dephosphorylation in a CagA-dependent manner, including the actin-binding proteins cortactin and vinculin. A predominant response of intracellular CagA is the binding and activation of tyrosine phosphatase, the human Src-homology-region-2-domain-containing-phosphatase-2 (SHP2). Here, we considered the possibility that activated SHP2 might be responsible for the dephosphorylation of cortactin and vinculin. To investigate this, phosphatase inhibitor studies were performed. Additionally, a complete knockout mutant of SHP2 in AGS cells was created by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and these cells were infected with H. pylori. However, neither the presence of an inhibitor nor the inactivation of SHP2 prevented the dephosphorylation of cortactin and vinculin upon CagA delivery. Tyrosine dephosphorylation of these proteins is therefore independent of SHP2 and instead must be caused by another, as yet unidentified, protein tyrosine phosphatase.

scholarly journals Biological characteristics and virulence of Helicobacter pylori

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Sh. Isaeva ◽  
R.I. Valieva
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenicity Factors ◽  
H Pylori

This review summarizes the most recent data on the biological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (morphological, cultural, biochemical). H. pylori pathogenicity factors promoting colonization, adhesion, biofilm formation, aggression, and cytotoxicity, their contribution to the pathogenesis of diseases as well as the possible relationships with various clinical outcomes are described in detail. The genetic heterogeneity of H. pylori strains which can determine different clinical manifestations and have significance for conducting epidemiological studies is also considered.

scholarly journals Follow-up analysis and histopathological study of gastric mucosa in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052110553
Author(s):  
Guang Zhao ◽  
Zhishang Zhang ◽  
Baohui Li ◽  
Silin Huang ◽  
Wensi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori

Objective To investigate the histomorphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa and the prognosis in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods Progressive damage to the gastric mucosa was examined by immunohistochemistry in 2294 patients with H. pylori infection and follow-up information was analyzed. Results H. pylori initially colonized the mucus layer covered by the gastric mucosa epithelium, then selectively adhered to and destroyed the surface mucus cells causing intra-gastric and extra-gastric lesions. Gastric mucosal damage induced by H. pylori was divided into five stages according to the depth of H. pylori invasion and degree of lesion deterioration: mucilaginous, surface mucocellular, lamina propria lesion, mucosal atrophy, and intraepithelial neoplasia stages. Morphological follow-up analysis revealed no significant difference in 6-month curative effects between stage I and stage II, but significant differences were found between stages II and III, stages III and IV, and between stages IV and stage V, respectively. Conclusions This novel staging strategy may be a valuable tool for diagnosing and predicting the results of gastric mucosal damage induced by H. pylori infection.

scholarly journals Effect of the cagW-based gene vaccine on the immunologic properties of BALB/c mouse: an efficient candidate for Helicobacter pylori DNA vaccine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Chehelgerdi ◽  
Abbas Doosti
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
World Population ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infect more than half of the world population, and they cause different serious diseases such as gastric carcinomas. This study aims to design a vaccine on the basis of cagW against H. pylori infection. After pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs complex is produced, it will be administered into the muscles of healthy BALB/c mice in order to study the effect of this DNA vaccine on the interleukin status of mice, representing its effect on the immune system. After that, the results will be compared with the control groups comprising the administration of cagW-pCDNA3.1 (+) vaccine, the administration of chitosan and the administration of PBS in the muscles of mice.Methods The cagW gene of H. pylori was amplified by employing PCR, whose product was then cloned into the pcDNA3.1 (+) vector, and this cloning was confirmed by PCR and BamHI/EcoRV restriction enzyme digestion. CagW gene DNA vaccine was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs) using a complex co-acervation method. The stability and in vitro expression of chitosan nanoparticles were studied by DNase I digestion and transfection, and the immune responses elicited in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice by the pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs were evaluated. Apart from that, the protective potential pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs was evaluated by challenging with H.pylori.Results The pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs comprises cagW gene of H. pylori that is encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, produced with good morphology, high stability, a mean diameter of 117.7 nm, and a zeta potential of + 5.64 mV. Moreover, it was confirmed that chitosan encapsulation protects the DNA plasmid from DNase I digestion, and the immunofluorescence assay showed that the cagW gene could express in HDF cells and maintain good bioactivity at the same time. In comparison to the mice immunized with the control plasmid, in vivo immunization revealed that mice immunized with pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-NPs showed better immune responses and prolonged release of the plasmid DNA.Conclusions This research proves chitosan-DNA nanoparticles as potent immunization candidates against H. pylori infection and paves the way for further developments in novel vaccines encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles.

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