Programmed death ligand-1 protein expression difference in basal like and non-basal like triple negative breast cancer and its association with disease free survival and overall survival: A systematic review

The study aims to summarize the literature and explore the strength of evidence for PD-L1 expression difference in basal like TNBC and non-basal like TNBC, and association of PD-L1 expression with disease free survival and overall survival in each group. A systematic search of the original research literature through November 29th, 2020, reported according to PRISMA guideline. Eligible studies investigated must have a primary outcome and at least one secondary outcome. Two reviewers independently searched, selected, and assessed quality of studies and risk of bias. Any discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or by consulting a third and fourth author. A total of 6813 articles were screened from which five articles were selected and assessed for quality of studies and risk of bias. Of 5 articles, no similar findings are found regarding the level of PD-L1 expression and its correlation with recurrence and overall survival. There is not enough substantial evidence to support the difference PD-L1 protein expression level in basal and non-basal like TNBC and its association with recurrence and overall survival. Hence, further studies are needed specifically to focus on this problem.

Sensing of intracellular Hcp levels controls T6SS expression in Vibrio cholerae

The type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial weapon broadly distributed in gram-negative bacteria and used to kill competitors and predators. Featuring a long and double-tubular structure, this molecular machine is energetically costly to produce and thus is likely subject to diverse regulation strategies that are largely ill defined. In this study, we report a quantity-sensing control of the T6SS that down-regulates the expression of secreted components when they accumulate in the cytosol due to T6SS inactivation. Using Vibrio cholerae strains that constitutively express an active T6SS, we demonstrate that mRNA levels of secreted components, including the inner-tube protein component Hcp, were down-regulated in T6SS structural gene mutants while expression of the main structural genes remained unchanged. Deletion of both hcp gene copies restored expression from their promoters, while Hcp overexpression negatively impacted expression. We show that Hcp directly interacts with the RpoN-dependent T6SS regulator VasH, and deleting the N-terminal regulator domain of VasH abolishes this interaction as well as the expression difference of hcp operons between T6SS-active and inactive strains. We find that negative regulation of hcp also occurs in other V. cholerae strains and the pathogens Aeromonas dhakensis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This Hcp-dependent sensing control is likely an important energy-conserving mechanism that enables T6SS-encoding organisms to quickly adjust T6SS expression and prevent wasteful build-up of its major secreted components in the absence of their efficient export out of the bacterial cell.

Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis of Identified NUF2 as a Candidate Oncogene Correlates With Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

BackgroundLung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As a component of the nuclear division cycle 80 complex, NUF2 is a part of the conserved protein complex related to the centromere. Although the high expression of NUF2 has been reported in many different types of human cancers, the multi-omics analysis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of NUF2 remains to be elucidated.MethodsIn this analysis, NUF2 expression difference analysis in non-small cell lung cancer was evaluated by Oncomine, TIMER, GEO, and TCGA database. And the prognosis analysis of NUF2 based on Kaplan-Meier was performed. R language was used to analyze the differential expression genes, functional annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI). GSEA analysis of differential expression genes was also carried out. Mechanism analysis about exploring the characteristic of NUF2, multi-omics, and correlation analysis was carried out using UALCAN, cBioportal, GEPIA, TIMER, and TISIDB, respectively.ResultsThe expression of NUF2 in NSCLC, both lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous lung cancer (LUSC), was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The analysis of UALCAN database samples proved that NUF2 expression was connected with stage and smoking habits. Meanwhile, the overall survival curve also validated that high expression of NUF2 has a poorer prognosis in NSCLC. GO, KEGG, GSEA, subcellular location from COMPARTMENTS indicated that NUF2 may regulate the cell cycle. Correlation analysis also showed that NUF2 was mainly positively associated with cell cycle and tumor-related genes. NUF2 altered group had a poorer prognosis than unaltered group in NSCLC. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the NUF2 expression mainly have negatively correlation with immune cells and immune subtypes in LUAD and LUSC. Furthermore, quantitative PCR was used to validate the expression difference of NUF2 in LUAD and LUSC.ConclusionOur findings elucidated that NUF2 may play an important role in cell cycle, and significantly associated with tumor-related gene in NSCLC; we consider that NUF2 may be a prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC.

KIF18B is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Immune Infiltrates in Pan-Cancer

Background: Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases at present. Although effective screening and treatment can save lives to a certain extent, our knowledge of the disease is far from sufficient. KIF18B is a member of the kinesin-8 superfamily and plays a conserved regulatory role in the cell cycle. KIF18B reportedly functions as an oncogene in some human cancers, but the correlations between KIF18B and prognosis and immune-infiltrates in different cancers remain unclear.Methods: Data were collected from the TCGA, GTEx, CCLE, TIMER, and GSEA databases. The expression difference, survival, pathological stage, DNA methylation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repairs (MMRs), tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell infiltration, and gene co-expression of KIF18B were analyzed using the R language software.Results: KIF18B was widely upregulated in cancers, compared with normal tissues, and high KIF18B expression was associated with unfavorable prognoses. TMB, MSI, MMRs, and DNA methylation correlated with KIF18B dysregulation in cancers. KIF18B correlated closely with tumor immunity and interacted with different immune cells and genes in different cancer types.Conclusion: KIF18B could be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in pan-cancer.

Study on the small breast epithelial mucin tumor tissue expression difference and its relationship with survival in triple-negative breast cancer patients in Han, Miao and Buyi ethnic

Objective: To investigate Small breast epithelial mucin(SBEM) expression difference in mammary tissues and relationship with survival in thetriple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) patients in Han, Buyi and Miao ethnic.Methods: In our study, SBEM protein expressions were detected by means of immunohistochemistry in 297 patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2015,including 99 normal breast tissue specimens, 99 cases of breast benign tumor tissue specimens and 99 tissues specimens from TNBC patients.Each set of tissue specimens contains 33 samples from Han,Miao and Buyi ethnics, respectively.We analyze the expression of SBEM in different mammary tissues in different ethnics and the association of different SBEM expression levels in tissue of TNBC patients with clinical- pathological features, DFS and OS in Han,Miao and Buyi ethnics,respectively. Results: SBEM expression in breast cancer tumor cells were related to the ki67 in the Han, Miao and Buyi ethnic (P=0.034、0.027、0.047), respectively. There was a marked associations between the SBEM expression level and lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.042、0.039) in the Han and Miao ethnic, while the same results were not found in the Buyi people (P=0.072).There was significant difference in DFS ( P =0.028、0.013)and OS ( P =0.09、0.037) between the high expression group and low expression group in the Han and Miao ethnic.But there was no significant difference in DFS (P = 0.053 ) and OS (P = 0.088 )in the Buyi people.Conclusion: The SBEM positive detection rate was no significant difference in the han, miao and buyi ethnic groups. SBEM was associated with DFS and OS in the Han and Miao ethnic, while no correlation in the Buyi ethnic.

Identifying a Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase (CCD4) Gene Controlling Yellow/White Fruit Flesh Color of “Piqiutao” (White Fruit Flesh) and Its Mutant (Yellow Fruit Flesh)

To better understand the fruit flesh coloration mechanism of peach (Prunus persica), the composition and accumulation of carotenoids were compared, the expression profile of key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthetic and catabolic pathways was performed, and the differentially expressed genes were identified using “Piqiutao” (white fruit flesh) and its mutant yellow “Piqiutao” at different fruit development stages. The results showed that the total carotenoid content in yellow “Piqiutao” was remarkably higher than that of “Piqiutao,” and the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene was significantly different, which was most likely caused by the differential expression of CCD4. Therefore, CCD4 may be an essential gene that causes the yellow fruit flesh of yellow “Piqiutao.” However, the coding region sequence of CCD4 was entirely identical, and the intron was inserted by a retrotransposon in “Piqiutao” and its mutant, indicating that the expression difference was not caused by the sequence mutation and retrotransposon insertion.