scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid Cyst

Diseases ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Yumin Zhao ◽  
Weifeng Gui ◽  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Gang Mo ◽  
Dayu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heavy Ion Therapy ◽  
Heavy Ion Radiation

Background: Heavy ion radiation has more advantages than traditional radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer, mainly because of its superior biological effects. However, there is currently no reliable evidence that heavy ion radiation can induce cell death in hydatid cysts at the cellular and molecular level. In addition, we believe heavy ion therapy could be a potential alternative approach for the treatment of hydatid cysts. Methodology/Principal Finding: The hydatid cysts and protoscolices were obtained from an experimentally infected KunMing mice. LD50 was used to evaluate the death of the protoscolex. The cellular and ultrastructure of the parasites were observed under light and electron microscopes, the damage and copy numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were decided by QPCR. The apoptosis was evaluated by the expression and activity of caspase3. Dose-dependent ionizing radiation induced damage to the initial mtDNA. Echinococcosis cyst after ionizing radiation showed sparse cytoplasm, disorganized and clumped organelles, huge vacuoles, and villus deletions. The kinetic of DNA repair activity after X-ray irradiation was faster than those after carbon-ion irradiation. High doses of carbon ion radiation caused irreversible attenuation of mitochondrial DNA. Cysts showed obvious reduction in size after radiation. Carbon ion radiation was more effective than X-ray radiation in inhibiting hydatid cysts. Conclusions: These studies provide evidence that heavy-ion radiation can cause the extinction of hydatid cysts in vitro. The carbon-ion radiation is more advantageous than X-ray radiation in suppress hydatid cyst.

scholarly journals Akt Inhibition Enhanced the Growth Inhibition Effects of Low-Dose Heavy-Ion Radiation via the PI3K/Akt/p53 Signaling Pathway in C6 Glioblastoma Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Huang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xuqiao Wang ◽  
Yingfei Qiu ◽  
Zelin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
C6 Cells ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Heavy Ion Radiation ◽  
P53 Signaling Pathway

BackgroundGlioma has one of the highest mortality rates of all tumors of the nervous system and commonly used treatments almost always fail to achieve tumor control. Low-dose carbon-ion radiation can effectively target cancer and tumor cells, but the mechanisms of growth inhibition induced by heavy-ion radiation via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are unknown, and inhibition by heavy-ion radiation is minor in C6 cells.MethodsCarbon-ion radiation was used to investigate the effects of heavy-ion radiation on C6 cells, and suppression of Akt was performed using perifosine. MTT assays were used to investigate optimal perifosine treatment concentrations. Clone formation assays were used to investigate the growth inhibition effects of carbon-ion radiation and the effects of radiation with Akt inhibition. Lactate dehydrogenase release, superoxide dismutase activity, and malondialdehyde content were assessed to investigate oxidative stress levels. Expression levels of proteins in the PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway were assessed via western blotting.ResultsThe 10% maximum inhibitory concentration of perifosine was 19.95 μM. In clone formation assays there was no significant inhibition of cell growth after treatment with heavy-ion irradiation, whereas perifosine enhanced inhibition. Heavy-ion radiation induced lactate dehydrogenase release, increased the level of malondialdehyde, and reduced superoxide dismutase activity. Akt inhibition promoted these processes. Heavy-ion radiation treatment downregulated Akt expression, and upregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression. p53 and Bcl-2 expression were significantly upregulated, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression was downregulated. The expression profiles of pAkt, Bcl-2, and Bax were reversed by perifosine treatment. Caspase 3 expression was upregulated in all radiation groups.ConclusionsThe growth inhibition effects of low-dose heavy-ion irradiation were not substantial in C6 cells, and Akt inhibition induced by perifosine enhanced the growth inhibition effects via proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Akt inhibition enhanced the effects of heavy-ion radiation, and the PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway may be a critical component involved in the process.

The Effects of Heavy Ion Particles on Human Megakaryocytopoiesis and Thrombopoiesis.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4156-4156
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kashiwakura ◽  
Kenji Takahashi ◽  
Satoru Monzen ◽  
Kiyomi Eguchi-Kasai ◽  
Tsutomu Toki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Ion Beam

Abstract Heavy ion particles provide unique properties in radiotherapy. However, they have also been shown to pose high risks for both work at nuclear facilities and astronauts participating in space missions. In a previous study, we demonstrated that in radio-sensitive megakaryocyte progenitor cells, namely colony-forming unit megakaryocytes (CFU-Meg), a degree of X-ray-induced damage was prevented by post-treatment with several cytokines. In this study, we analyzed the effects of heavy ion particles on megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. The CD34+ CFU-Meg were isolated from human placental and umbilical cord blood using a magnetic isolation kit and then were exposed to a carbon ion beam (LET=50 KeV/mm). They were cultured in a serum free medium supplemented with a thrombopoietin (TPO) alone or a combination of TPO plus other cytokines including stem cell factor, interleukin-3 (IL-3) and Flt3-ligand. The number of CFU-Meg was calculated by a plasma clot technique. The differentiation into megakaryocytes (CD41+) and the release of platelets (CD42a+) in a liquid culture were both analyzed by flow cytometry. The increase of gamma-H2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) was also detected by flow cytometry. The sensitivity of CFU-Meg to a carbon ion beam was found to be extremely high and could not be lowered by any type of cytokines unlike X-rays. However, treatment with TPO plus IL-3 potentially induced megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis at 14 days after the exposure to a carbon ion beam at 2 Gy. The cytokine treatment enhanced the induction of gamma-H2AX in X-ray-irradiated CD34+ CFU-Meg but not in a carbon ion beam-irradiated one. These results show that not only the downregulation of death signals, but also the repair of DSBs was less strongly promoted by cytokines in CFU-Meg exposed to a carbon ion beam than X-rays. Different treatments therefore are required to protect against megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis damage by heavy ion particles.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Awareness of Radiology Residents About Ionizing Radiations and Their Risks of Educational Hospitals, Kermanshah, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sogand Abbasi Azizi ◽  
Mohammad-Rasoul Tohidnia ◽  
Mohsen Zhaleh
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Abdominal Ct Scan ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Radiology Residents

Background: Although many radiological examinations are requested daily to aid clinical diagnosis by the referring physician, it should be kept in mind that ionizing radiation has adverse biological effects on the life of living organisms, which may vary in individuals depending on the dose and duration of exposure. Therefore, radiologists and their assistants should have comprehensive information about ionizing radiation. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all the radiology residents (41) were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first part including of demographic information and part 2 includes 21 questions about the effective dose created by a chest X-ray, the approximate effective dose from various imaging examines, as well as the awareness of the risks of brain, abdominal CT scans. Results: The results showed that out of 41 residents, 56.1% were male. Based on these results, 19.5% were aware of the approximate effective dose received by a patient on PA chest X-ray. Also, knowledge of some X-ray absorptiometry parameters based on chest X-ray in PA position are: 12.2% abdominal CT scan, 17.1% and 2.4% brain and chest CT scan respectively. In this study the radiology resident’s awareness about dangers of ionizing radiation and the likelihood of cancer were evaluated in 31% and 48.8% of brain and abdominal CT scan, respectively. Conclusions: According to the findings, awareness of radiology residents in Kermanshah university of medical sciences is at an inappropriate level. Therefore, training is needed to raise the awareness of radiology residents by conducting several workshops.

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of effects by x-rays and heavy ion in HeLa cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhitong Bing ◽  
Guanghui Yang ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Fengling Wang ◽  
Caiyong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Stable Isotope Labelling ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Cell Line Hela ◽  
Line Hela

Abstract Background. Carbon ion therapy may be better against cancer than the effects of a photon beam. To investigate a biological advantage of carbon ion beam over X-rays, the radioresistant cell line HeLa cells were used. Radiationinduced changes in the biological processes were investigated post-irradiation at 1 h by a clinically relevant radiation dose (2 Gy X-ray and 2 Gy carbon beam). The differential expression proteins were collected for analysing biological effects. Materials and methods. The radioresistant cell line Hela cells were used. In our study, the stable isotope labelling with amino acids (SILAC) method coupled with 2D-LC-LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry was applied to identity and quantify the differentially expressed proteins after irradiation. The Western blotting experiment was used to validate the data. Results. A total of 123 and 155 significantly changed proteins were evaluated with treatment of 2 Gy carbon and X-rays after radiation 1 h, respectively. These deregulated proteins were found to be mainly involved in several kinds of metabolism processes through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. The two groups perform different response to different types of irradiation. Conclusions. The radioresistance of the cancer cells treated with 2 Gy X-rays irradiation may be largely due to glycolysis enhancement, while the greater killing effect of 2 Gy carbon may be due to unchanged glycolysis and decreased amino acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium protects mice against carbon ion radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052092425
Author(s):  
Zebin Liao ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Zhenyu Gong ◽  
Xuguang Hu ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Radioprotective Effect ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Ion Accelerator ◽  
Heavy Ion Radiation ◽  
Apoptotic Proteins

Objective Patients receiving carbon-ion radiation therapy and astronauts exploring outer space are inevitably exposed to heavy ion radiation. The aim of this study was to develop radioprotectors to minimize the injuries induced by carbon ion radiation. Methods Heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium (HKST) was administered to mice by gavage prior to irradiation with a 12C6+ heavy ion accelerator. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling staining were used to assess the radioprotective effect of HKST on organ damage and levels of apoptosis, respectively, in mice. To investigate the mechanism underlying the radioprotective effect of HKST, levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and caspase 3 as well as interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) 3/7 in the femur, testis and intestine were assessed using immunofluorescence. Results Injuries induced by carbon ion radiation were significantly eased by pretreatment with HKST. Both apoptosis and high expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins induced by heavy ion radiation were inhibited by HKST pretreatment. The radioprotective effect of HKST was associated with stimulation of Toll-like receptor signaling mediated by enhanced IRF3 and IRF7 signaling. Conclusion HKST was an effective radioprotector alleviating damage to multiple organs caused by heavy ion radiation.

scholarly journals Pulmonary hydatid cyst - A radiological challenge!

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
N Kumar ◽  
M Mishra ◽  
A Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst ◽  
The Mind

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The resulting large cysts in the lung, a special clinical entity called giant hydatid cysts, is rare. Our case involves a middle-aged man who presented to us with vague chest complaints. Chest X-ray revealed a large cavity with an airfl uid level in the right hemithorax, which brought to the mind a constellation of differential diagnoses. A diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made intraoperatively. This case report provides evidence that radiological findings may be misleading and cause a diagnostic delay in such cases. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS 2012; IX (1) 39-42 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i1.6964

scholarly journals Commissioning of carbon‐ion radiotherapy for moving targets at the Osaka Heavy‐Ion Therapy Center

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Hamatani ◽  
Toshiro Tsubouchi ◽  
Masaaki Takashina ◽  
Masashi Yagi ◽  
Tatsuaki Kanai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Carbon Ion Radiotherapy ◽  
Moving Targets ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Heavy Ion Therapy ◽  
Ion Therapy ◽  
Therapy Center

scholarly journals Application of Carbon Ion and Its Sensitizing Agent in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Xiaojun Chen ◽  
Guangfei Li ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Tianxin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Heavy Ion Therapy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ion Therapy ◽  
Almost All

Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) is the most advanced radiation therapy (RT) available and offers new opportunities to improve cancer treatment and research. CIRT has a unique physical and biological advantage that allow them to kill tumor cells more accurately and intensively. So far, CIRT has been used in almost all types of malignant tumors, and showed good feasibility, safety and acceptable toxicity, indicating that CIRT has a wide range of development and application prospects. In addition, in order to improve the biological effect of CIRT, scientists are also trying to investigate related sensitizing agents to enhance the killing ability of tumor cells, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, we tried to systematically review the rationale, advantages and problems, the clinical applications and the sensitizing agents of the CIRT. At the same time, the prospects of the CIRT in were prospected. We hope that this review will help researchers interested in CIRT, sensitizing agents, and radiotherapy to understand their magic more systematically and faster, and provide data reference and support for bioanalysis, clinical medicine, radiotherapy, heavy ion therapy, and nanoparticle diagnostics.

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