scholarly journals Effects of Different Application Times of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Mineral Precipitation in Demineralized Dentin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Surapong Srisomboon ◽  
Matana Kettratad ◽  
Phakkhananan Pakawanit ◽  
Catleya Rojviriya ◽  
Prathip Phantumvanit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Precipitation ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Demineralized Dentin

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a cost-effective method for arresting active dental caries. However, the limited cooperation of patients may lead to an SDF application time that is shorter than the recommended 1–3 min for carious lesions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different application times of SDF on the degree of mineral precipitation in demineralized dentin. Demineralized dentin specimens from permanent maxillary molars were treated by applying 38% SDF for 30, 60, or 180 s. Water was applied in the control group. The specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid for 2 weeks, and the mineral precipitation in demineralized dentin was then analyzed using FTIR-ATR, SEM-EDX, and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM). The FTIR-ATR results showed a significant increase in mineral precipitation in the 180 s group after 1 week. However, after 2 weeks, the SRXTM images indicated comparable mineral density between the 30, 60, and 180 s groups. The precipitation of silver chloride and calcium phosphate crystals that occluded dentinal tubules was similar in all experimental groups. In conclusion, an application time of either 30, 60, or 180 s promoted a comparable degree of mineral precipitation in demineralized dentin.

scholarly journals Interaction of storage medium and silver diamine fluoride on demineralized dentin

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 030006052098533
Author(s):  
Jing-Yuan Peng ◽  
Michael George Botelho ◽  
Jukka Pekka Matinlinna ◽  
Hao-Bo Pan ◽  
Edwin Kukk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Demineralized Dentin ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective The effects of saliva on demineralized dentin and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) were investigated in vitro. Methods Dentin samples stored in deionized water (DIW), buffer solution (BS), basal medium mucin (BMM), and unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) were demineralized for 3 days and immersed in the same storage media. SDF as a 38 mass% solution was applied to the dentin samples for 3 minutes after they had been replaced in their respective medium. Surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results Scanning electron microscopy showed various surface deposits and coatings, including occlusion of dentinal tubules. DIW resulted in the thinnest coating, whereas BMM resulted in the thickest. EDX and XPS showed the formation of metallic silver and silver compounds in all four media, with the greatest formation in BS. XRD indicated that the main product was silver chloride except in DIW. Sulphur was found in BMM and UWS. EDX and XPS detected fluoride and XRD detected calcium fluoride and fluorohydroxyapatite in BS, BMM, and UWS. Conclusion The interaction between SDF and demineralized dentin was dependent upon the storage medium. BMM provided an outcome most similar to human saliva.

scholarly journals Enhanced Biomass and Astaxanthin Production of Haematococcus pluvialis by a Cell Transformation Strategy with Optimized Initial Biomass Density

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Minggang Cai ◽  
Mingwei Lin ◽  
Xianghu Huang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Astaxanthin Production ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Transformation Strategy

Astaxanthin from H. pluvialis is an antioxidant and presents a promising application in medicine for human health. The two-stage strategy has been widely adopted to produce astaxanthin by the Haematococcus industry and research community. However, cell death and low astaxanthin productivity have seriously affected the stability of astaxanthin production. This study aims to test the effect of cell transformation strategies on the production of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis and determine the optimal initial biomass density (IBD) in the red stage. The experimental design is divided into two parts, one is the vegetative growth experiment and the other is the stress experiment. The results indicated that: (1) the cell transformation strategy of H. pluvialis can effectively reduce cell death occurred in the red stage and significantly increase the biomass and astaxanthin production. (2) Compared with the control group, the cell mortality rate of the red stage in the treatment group was reduced by up to 81.6%, and the biomass and astaxanthin production was increased by 1.63 times and 2.1 times, respectively. (3) The optimal IBD was determined to be 0.5, and the highest astaxanthin content can reach 38.02 ± 2.40 mg·g−1. Thus, this work sought to give useful information that will lead to an improved understanding of the cost-effective method of cultivation of H. pluvialis for natural astaxanthin. This will be profitable for algal and medicine industry players.

scholarly journals Using Cognitive Intraindividual Variability to Measure Intervention Effectiveness: Results from the Baltimore Experience Corps Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R Brydges ◽  
Michelle C Carlson ◽  
Ryan M Andrews ◽  
George W Rebok ◽  
Allison A M Bielak
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Intent To Treat

Abstract Objectives Studies investigating the effectiveness of intervention programs on cognitive ability in older adults are inconsistent; however, these studies generally focus on traditional measures of cognition, and therefore may miss some improvements by not utilizing alternate measures. We evaluate the potential for intraindividual variability in cognitive speed (IIV), a demonstrated sensitive indicator of cognitive functioning, to be used as an index of cognitive plasticity from an intervention. The current study evaluated whether older adults in a school volunteering program showed a reduction in IIV, compared to a low-activity control group over 2 years of exposure. Method Nondemented older adults (n = 336) participated in the Baltimore Experience Corps Trial, an evaluation of a volunteering program conducted at elementary schools designed to increase older adults’ physical, cognitive, and social engagement. Participants completed a cognitive battery that included a Stroop task at baseline and after 12 and 24 months. Results Traditional intent-to-treat analyses did not report significant improvements. Participants who complied at the 80th percentile or above showed a significant reduction in IIV at 24 months, with an additional trend of improved IIV with increased compliance to the treatment protocol, both at 12 months, and at 24 months. Men also showed dose-dependent improvements after 12 months. Discussion The Experience Corps program resulted in an improvement in cognitive performance as measured by IIV. Analyzing previously collected data with nontraditional measures of cognition, such as IIV, may be a potentially fruitful and cost-effective method for understanding how interventions impact cognition in aging populations.

scholarly journals Fatigue, Stigma, and Mood in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Effectiveness of Guided Imagery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Beitollahi ◽  
Mansooreh Azizzadeh Forouzi ◽  
Batool Tirgari ◽  
Yunes Jahani
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Guided Imagery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and objectives : The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of guided imagery on fatigue, stigma, and mood in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods This clinical trial is a double-blind study that was conducted on 60 patients with multiple sclerosis referred to the largest center for special diseases in the southeast of Iran in 2020. The convenience sampling method was used to select the participants who were later divided into two groups of intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) using block randomization method. The intervention group listened to the guided imagery audio file at home for 25 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected by demographic information questionnaires, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Reece Stigma Scale for Multiple Sclerosis (RSS-MS), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before and one month after the intervention. Results According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention in terms of the score of fatigue (P<0.0=67), stigma (P<0.64), and mood (P<0.17). However, after the intervention, a significant differences was observed in this regard (P<0.0001). In the intervention group, the mean score of fatigue decreased from 59.72±18.32 to 35.8±16.15, and the mean score of stigma decreased from 17.31±15.62 to 5.09±8.06, showing a significant reduction in the levels of fatigue (P<0.0001) and stigma (P<0.0001) compared to before intervention. Also, the mean score of mood decreased from 36.90±12.21 to 28.55±11.87, indicating an improvement in the mood of samples in the intervention group (P<0.0001). Conclusions The results indicated that guided imagery, as a cost-effective method, can decrease the fatigue and stigma, and enhance the mood of patients with MS. Therefore, nursing staff can use this method to improve MS patients’ mood and decrease their fatigue and stigma.

Molecular and histopathological evaluation of the efficacy of Saponifiedand Freund’s incomplete adjuvanted paratuberculosiskilled vaccine in murine model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jubeda Begum ◽  
Pranabananda Dasand Madhu Cholenahalli Lingaraju
Keyword(s):  
Promising Result ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Johne’s disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Vaccination is regarded as the only cost effective method for controlling JD. Experimental trial for 11 months was carried out by dividing mice into four different groups. Group I- saponified MAP killed vaccine; Group II- Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA) MAP killed vaccine; Group III-saponin adjuvant control; Group IV- FIA control. Mice of all the groups were challenged with 108 colony forming unit live MAP organisms on 40th day after vaccination. A total of 188 samples (52 faecal, 76 sera and 60 tissue samples) were collected from different groups of mice at different interval for monitoring MAP load by Ziehl Neelsen’s staining and nested PCR along with tissue histopathology. Both the vaccinated groups (Group I and II) showed encouraging results in comparison to adjuvant control groups. There was reduction in faecal shedding (p less than 0.01), tissue load of MAP and less granuloma formation in both the vaccinated groups, however mice vaccinated with saponified MAP antigen gave better result in comparison to FIA vaccinated mice. Results of this study suggested that, saponified MAP killed vaccine in particular might reduce the overall burden of JD and show promising result in future.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY TO MEASURE INTERVENTION EFFECTIVENESS: BALTIMORE EXPERIENCE CORPS TRIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S707-S708
Author(s):  
Allison A Bielak ◽  
Christopher R Brydges ◽  
Michelle C Carlson ◽  
Ryan M Andrews ◽  
George W Rebok
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Studies investigating the effectiveness of intervention programs on cognitive ability in older adults are equivocal; however, these studies generally focus on traditional measures of cognition, and therefore may miss some improvements by not utilizing alternate measures. We evaluate the potential for intraindividual variability in cognitive speed (IIV), a demonstrated sensitive indicator of cognitive functioning, to be used as an index of cognitive plasticity from an intervention. The current study evaluated whether older adults in a school volunteering program showed a reduction in IIV, compared to a low-activity control group over two years of exposure. Non-demented aging older adults (n = 336) participated in the Baltimore Experience Corps Trial, an evaluation of a volunteering program conducted at elementary schools designed to increase older adults’ physical, cognitive, and social engagement. Participants completed a cognitive battery that included a computerized Stroop task at baseline and after 12 and 24 months. Participants who complied at the 80th percentile or above showed a significant reduction in IIV at 24 months, with an additional trend of improved IIV with increased compliance to the treatment protocol, both at 12 months, and at 24 months. Men specifically also showed significant dose-dependent improvements after 12 months. The Experience Corps program resulted in an improvement in cognitive performance as measured by IIV. Analyzing previously collected data with non-traditional measures of cognition, such as IIV, may be a potentially fruitful and cost-effective method for understanding how interventions impact cognition in aging populations.

Biomineralization of Dental Tissues Treated with Silver Diamine Fluoride

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110268
Author(s):  
R.M. Sulyanto ◽  
M. Kang ◽  
S. Srirangapatanam ◽  
M. Berger ◽  
F. Candamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Tertiary Dentin ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Particles

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a dental biomaterial used to arrest dental caries. To better understand SDF’s mechanism of action, we examined the localization of silver within the tissues of SDF-treated teeth. Carious primary teeth fixed within 2 min of SDF application (SDF-minutes, n = 3), at 3 wk after SDF application in vivo (SDF-weeks, n = 4), and at 2 y after multiple SDF applications in vivo (SDF-multiple, n = 1) were investigated in this study. Carious primary teeth without SDF application (no-SDF, n = 3) served as controls. Mineral density and structural analyses were performed via micro–X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Elemental analyses were performed through X-ray fluorescence microprobe and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic techniques. SDF-treated teeth revealed higher X-ray–attenuated surface and subsurface regions within carious lesions, and similar regions were not present in no-SDF teeth. Regions of higher mineral density correlated with regions of silver abundance in SDF-treated teeth. The SDF penetration depth was approximated to 0.5 ± 0.02 mm and 0.6 ± 0.05 mm (mean ± SD) for SDF-minutes and SDF-weeks specimens, respectively. A higher percentage of dentin tubular occlusion by silver or calcium phosphate particles was observed in primary teeth treated with SDF-weeks as compared with SDF-minutes. Elemental analysis also revealed zinc abundance in carious lesions and around the pulp chamber. SDF-weeks teeth had significantly increased tertiary dentin than SDF-minutes and no-SDF teeth. These results suggest that SDF treatment on primary teeth affected by caries promotes pathologic biomineralization by altering their physicochemical properties, occluding dentin tubules, and increasing tertiary dentin volume. These seemingly serendipitous effects collectively contribute to the cariostatic activity of SDF.

scholarly journals P.084 Single-centre follow-up of TYRX Antibiotic Envelope for neuromodulation unit implantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S34-S35
Author(s):  
S Ahmed ◽  
K Waterhouse ◽  
A Vitali
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Background: Studies have placed the rate of infection associated with neuromodulation units to be up to 20%. We present our experience with the TYRX absorbable antibiotic envelope. Our length of follow-up adds to the body of evidence around the use of antibiotic envelops. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients referred to our center for either new implantation or revision of neuromodulation units between July 2014 and September 2016. Consecutive cases were included for analysis. We included a control group of consecutive patients with neuromodulation units placed immediately prior to our experience with the TYRX envelopes for comparison Results: Between July 2014 and September 2016, 76 patients had 81 instances of neuromodulation unit insertion. All patients received the TYRX antibiotic envelope. There were no incidences of infection involving antibiotic envelope-containing implants over an average follow-up period of 11 months. In 77 consecutive cases of neuromodulation unit implantation prior to usage of the antibiotic pouch, there were 4 instances of infection (5.2%). Conclusions: Our single center experience demonstrates a significant drop in the rate of infections with the use of an antibiotic envelope for neuromodulation unit implantation. We consider the routine use of the envelope to be a cost-effective method of infection avoidance.

A Control/Experimental Trial of an Operant Treatment for Early Stuttering

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Onslow ◽  
Cheryl Andrews ◽  
Michelle Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Posttreatment Period ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Contingent Stimulation

A preliminary study (Onslow, Costa, & Rue, 1990) suggested that a parent-conducted program of verbal response-contingent stimulation would be an effective treatment for stuttering children younger than 5 years. The present study was designed to expand those preliminary findings by using a larger group of children and by comparing them to a control group of children. Twelve children in the experimental group achieved median percent syllables stuttered (%SS) scores below 1.0 for a 12-month posttreatment period. The children's treatments were completed in a median of 10.5 1-hour clinic sessions and a median of 84.5 days from the start of treatment. The majority of parents of the control children withdrew from the study and elected to have treatment begin for their child. These results suggest that the program may be a cost-effective method for managing a clinical caseload of stuttering children younger than 5 years. It is suggested that controlled clinical trials cannot be used validly or ethically to determine the number of cases of early stuttering who recover without formal intervention.

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