scholarly journals Green System Development in the Medinas of Tunis and Marrakesh—Green Heritage and Urban Livability

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-825
Author(s):  
Sarah Ben Salem ◽  
Chaima Lahmar ◽  
Marianna Simon ◽  
Kinga Szilágyi
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
System Development ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Green System ◽  
The Given

Due to their authentic urban and architectural character, the Medinas of Tunis and Marrakesh became listed among the United Nations educational, scientific, and cultural organization (UNESCO) heritage sites in 1979 and 1985, respectively. Nowadays, the urbanization of the surrounding green areas and the climate change impacts on cities are degrading the Medinas’ livability and their characteristic heritage. On the other hand, scientific knowledge and data about the green system in the dense urban cores of Medinas in the Maghreb region is still not a widely apprehended theme in the scientific domain. This research objective is to initiate nature-based and sustainable solutions in these cities by demonstrating the application of the urban green infrastructure (UGI) approach. As a research methodology, an analysis of the historical green system development in the Medinas is given to highlight their tangible and intangible values. The analysis goes over three periods: first, the medieval Islamic era, then the modern period during the French colony, and the contemporary city as a unique urban landscape. Finally, the study proposes a design guideline to prove the applicability of the UGI in the given historical morphologies by implementing the retained historical values of the historic green heritage in Medinas and the aspects of the site.

scholarly journals Living Heritage in the Urban Landscape. Case Study of the Budapest World Heritage Site Andrássy Avenue

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4699
Author(s):  
Kinga Szilágyi ◽  
Chaima Lahmar ◽  
Camila Andressa Pereira Rosa ◽  
Krisztina Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
Urban Green Infrastructure

Historic allées and urban avenues reflect a far-sighted and forward-thinking design attitude. These compositions are the living witnesses of olden times, suggesting permanence. However, the 20th century’s urban development severely damaged the environment, therefore hundred-year-old mature trees are relatively rare among city avenues’ stands. Due to the deteriorated habitat conditions, replantation may be necessary from time to time. However, there are a large number of replanted allées and urban avenues considered historical monuments, according to the relevant international literature in urban and living heritage’s preservation. The renewal often results in planting a different, urban tolerant taxon, as seen in several examples reviewed. Nevertheless, the allée remains an essential urban structural element, though often with a changed character. The Budapest Andrássy Avenue, a city and nature connection defined in the late 19th century’s urban landscape planning, aimed to offer a splendid link between city core and nature in Városliget Public Park. The 19–20th century’s history and urban development are well documented in Hungarian and several English publications, though current tree stock stand and linear urban green infrastructure as part of the urban landscape need a detailed survey. The site analyses ran in 2020–early 2021 created a basis for assessing the allées and the whole avenue as an urban ecosystem and a valuable case study of contemporary heritage protection problems. Andrassy Avenue, the unique urban fabric, architecture, and promenades have been a world heritage monument of cultural value since 2002. The allées became endangered despite reconstruction type maintenance efforts. The presented survey analyses the living heritage’s former renewal programs and underlines the necessity of new reconstruction concepts in urban heritage protection. We hypothesize that urban green infrastructure development, the main issue in the 21st century to improve the urban ecological system and human liveability, may support heritage protection. The Budapest World Heritage Site is worthwhile for a complex renewal where the urban green ecosystem supply and liveable, pedestrian-friendly urban open space system are at the forefront to recall the once glorious, socially and aesthetically attractive avenue.

scholarly journals Using Green Infrastructure (GI), i.e., nature’s goods and services In a Land Use Planning Framework for Resilient Rural Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kraehling
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Model Combining

The discussion will highlight results of recent PhD research examining the use of nature/natural systems by rural leaders in furthering their individual community interests for conditions of health/wellness, resiliency and sustainability. The research was completed using a qualitative mixed methods case study approach within a diversity of municipality settings across southern Ontario. The research examines how community planning with a diversity of GI elements is being implemented, e.g. strategic plans, plans for landscape scaled storm water management, tree planting systems, wildlife area enhancements. A further examination is made on the utility of a holistic planning model combining community greygreen infrastructures in a foundational framework for rural places. Many of the problems facing rural communities such as socio-economic challenges and climate change impacts can be addressed using the untapped natural asset features that are found within all rural areas.

scholarly journals THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OF A HIGHLY URBANIZED NEOTROPICAL CITY: THE ROLE OF THE URBAN VEGETATION IN PRESERVING NATIVE BIODIVERSITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Castro Pena ◽  
Danilo Marques Magalhães ◽  
Ana Clara Mourão Moura ◽  
Robert John Young ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Street Trees

We mapped and described the composition of the urban vegetation that comprises the green infrastructure of a highly urbanized Neotropical city, and discussed how it can be used to preserve and maintain urban biodiversity. Almost half of our study area is occupied by 12 types of arboreal and herbaceous vegetation, composed mostly of urban parks, gardens and street trees. Forty-one percent of the almost 90,000 street trees are composed of 10 species with only 4 native species. These results show that this urban landscape is highly heterogeneous and has a great potential for biodiversity conservation. However, management strategies are needed, such as better planning of the urban forestry. This study is the first step towards a better understanding of how this landscape influences local biodiversity, and can be used as a management tool to increase urban resilience and functionality.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Interpret Soil Moisture Content for Economical Monitoring of Urban Landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5609
Author(s):  
Junwei Liu ◽  
Vinay Kumar Gadi ◽  
Ankit Garg ◽  
Suriya Prakash Ganesan ◽  
Anasua GuhaRay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution Function

Preservation of green infrastructure (GI) needs continuous monitoring of soil moisture. Moisture content in soil is generally interpreted on the basis electrical conductivity (EC), soil temperature and relative humidity (RH). However, validity of previous approaches to interpret moisture content in urban landscape was rarely investigated. There is a need to relate the moisture content with other parameters (EC, temperature and RH) to economize the sensor installation. This study aims to quantify the dynamics of the above-mentioned parameters in an urban green space, and to further develop correlations between moisture content and other parameters (EC, temperature and RH). An integrated field monitoring and statistical modelling approach were adopted to achieve the objective. Four distinct sites comprising treed (younger and mature tree), grassed and bare soil were selected for investigation. Field monitoring was conducted for two months to measure four parameters. This was followed by statistical modelling by artificial neural networks (ANN). Correlations were developed for estimating soil moisture as a function of other parameters for the selected sites. Irrespective of the type of site, EC was found to be the most significant parameter affecting soil moisture, followed by RH and soil temperature. This correlation with EC is found to be stronger in vegetated soil as compared to that without vegetation. The correlations of soil temperature with water content do not have a conclusive trend. A considerable increase in temperature was not found due to the subsequent drying of soil after rainfall. A normal distribution function was found from the uncertainty analysis of soil moisture in the case of treed soil, whereas soil moisture was observed to follow a skewed distribution in the bare and grassed soils.

scholarly journals EMERGING PLACES OF SOCIAL INNOVATION (POSI): A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL INNOVATION IN CITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ardill ◽  
Fabiano Lemes de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
Social Empowerment

Social innovation is recurrently positioned as an important collaborative element in helping cities to transition and address human needs and societal challenges to enhance the health, wellbeing, and welfare of citizens. To address a call for more sector-specific research on the spatiality of social innovation, and also further understanding of the process dimension of social innovation, this article presents a conceptual framework of the process of social innovation. By combining social innovation insight from process theories and urban spaces discourse the article indicates that of social innovation in the co-production of space can be grouped into four major processes: 1) Identification of human needs or societal challenges to sustainable development; 2) Development of social relations in systems or structures; 3) Provision of opportunity for social empowerment; 4) Reflection of socio-spatial development practice. Applying this framework, the article examines how productive green infrastructure emerges in the urban landscape as a Place of Social Innovation (POSI).

scholarly journals Fuzzy Axiomatic Approach to Blue-green Infrastructure Strategy Selection: A Sustainability Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Ighravwe ◽  
Daniel Mashao
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Axiomatic Approach ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Axiomatic Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Aid Decision

Flood management is a global problem that has created immense contributions from researchers and practitioners, especially those in developing countries. These people often seek ways to minimise the aftermath of a flood. Recently, they are making a case for sustainable solutions to flood management. This study, therefore, contributes a sustainability model that addresses the problem of blue-green technology selection to the current discussion on flood management. It coupled the techno-economic, social, and environmental impact of a blue-green technology using the unique attributions of three multi-criteria decision-making tools: best-worst method, fuzzy axiomatic method and VIKOR; its performance was investigated with qualitative data sets that were obtained from experts. The outcomes of the investigation showed that techno-economic criteria contributed about 88.18% to the ranking of blue-green technology. The most and least suitable blue-green technologies for a community in Nigeria are Rainwater and floodwater harvesting and Retention lake, respectively. With these results, the proposed model will aid decision-makers strategic and tactical criteria that can be used to evaluate blue-green technology selection.

scholarly journals The concept of green infrastructure and urban landscape planning: a challenge for urban forestry planning in Belgrade, Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Vasiljević ◽  
B Radić ◽  
S Gavrilović ◽  
B Šljukić ◽  
M Medarević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Urban Forestry

scholarly journals The development of PID temperature controllers based on FEM thermal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Tudor George Alexandru ◽  
Cristina Pupaza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Engineering Software ◽  
The Given

Nowadays, most of the electronic components that are deployed in industrial devices represent active heat sources that demand adequate cooling solutions to ensure their safe and reliable operation. Thermal design and the development of temperature controllers represent the two essential branches of the cooling system development process. Both workflows can be tackled with the support of Computer Aided Engineering software. In this regard, the parametric study of coolers based on Finite Element Method thermal analysis is widely discussed throughout the literature. Even so, the use of such simulation tools for further developing temperature controllers is only addressed from theoretical point of views. The present paper represents an approach for implementing PID controllers that are applicable to industrial electronic devices. Tuning of the gains is completed by using the Ziegler-Nichols heuristic method. The proposed approach replaces the physical system with simplified thermal modelling. The given concepts are verified by means of a simple experimental setup.

scholarly journals Useful wasteland - the potential of undeveloped land in modification of urban green infrastructure based on the city of Poznań

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gałecka-Drozda ◽  
Elżbieta Raszeja
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Abandoned Land ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The City

Abstract Numerous barren land areas are found within administrative boundaries of cities. They include both former farmland located at the outskirts of cities, as well as vacant plots, postindustrial plots or former railway infrastructure plots. Barren plots are integral elements of the urban landscape and contemporary scientific concepts indicate their important role in the functioning of urban ecosystems. Abandoned land provides a potential for the development of green infrastructure and further development of recreation areas. At the same time some abandoned plots are informally adapted by local residents to suit their needs, transforming them into community gardens and recreation areas. This paper presents results of studies conducted by the authors in selected derelict areas in the city of Poznań. Analyses were conducted on their type, origin, size and location within the city. Observations were also recorded on the methods to adapt abandoned land by local communities.

scholarly journals Building capacity for mainstreaming nature-based solutions into environmental policy and landscape planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario V Balzan ◽  
Judita Tomaskinova ◽  
Marcus Collier ◽  
Lynn Dicks ◽  
Davide Geneletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Eu

Nature-based solutions (NBS) is a term often used to refer to adequate green infrastructure that provides multiple benefits to society whilst addressing societal challenges. They are defined as actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. Malta, the smallest member state of the EU, has been characterised by rapid economic growth and urbanisation and Maltese citizens had the highest rate of exposure to pollution, grime or other environmental problems, in the EU. The project ReNature aims to establish and implement a nature-based solutions research strategy for Malta with a vision to promote research and innovation and develop sustainable solutions whilst improving human well-being and tackling environmental challenges. Here, we introduce the opening of ReNature collection of research articles in the Open Access Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO) journal to publish unconventional research outputs and training materials. It will host key outputs relating to the sustainable use of biodiversity, biodiversity – ecosystem functioning, green infrastructure and ecosystem service assessments across rural-urban gradients, equitable access to the benefits derived from nature in cities and socio-environmental justice, payments for ecosystem services, and designing nature-based solutions.

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