scholarly journals 3D-Printed Portable Robotic Mobile Microscope for Remote Diagnosis of Global Health Diseases

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2408
Author(s):  
Jaime García-Villena ◽  
Jose Emilio Torres ◽  
Carlos Aguilar ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
David Bermejo-Peláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Diagnosis ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Web Platform ◽  
Microscopy Images

Microscopy plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of numerous diseases. However, the need for trained microscopists and pathologists, the complexity of pathology, and the accessibility and affordability of the technology can hinder the provision of rapid and high-quality diagnoses and healthcare. In this work, we present an affordable, 3D-printed, portable, robotic, mobile-based slide scanning microscope. The proposed device is composed of electronic, mechanical, and optical modules operated via smartphone with a control app. The device is connected and fully integrated with a telemedicine web platform, where digitized microscopy images can be remotely visualized and analyzed. The robotic scanner, which has approximately 1-µm resolution, has been evaluated in two clinical scenarios with histology and stool samples. The results showed sufficient image quality for performing a proper diagnosis in all cases under study.

A High Resolution Scanning Microscope

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe ◽  
J. Wall ◽  
L. M. Welter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
High Quality

A scanning microscope using a field emission source has been described elsewhere. This microscope has now been improved by replacing the single magnetic lens with a high quality lens of the type described by Ruska. This lens has a focal length of 1 mm and a spherical aberration coefficient of 0.5 mm. The final spot size, and therefore the microscope resolution, is limited by the aberration of this lens to about 6 Å.The lens has been constructed very carefully, maintaining a tolerance of + 1 μ on all critical surfaces. The gun is prealigned on the lens to form a compact unit. The only mechanical adjustments are those which control the specimen and the tip positions. The microscope can be used in two modes. With the lens off and the gun focused on the specimen, the resolution is 250 Å over an undistorted field of view of 2 mm. With the lens on,the resolution is 20 Å or better over a field of view of 40 microns. The magnification can be accurately varied by attenuating the raster current.

Simulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair Using a 3-Dimensional Printed Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110035
Author(s):  
Muhamed A. Masalha ◽  
Kyle K. VanKoevering ◽  
Omar S. Latif ◽  
Allison R. Powell ◽  
Ashley Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
3D Printed

Background Acquiring proficiency for the repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is challenging in great part due to its relative rarity, which offers a finite number of training opportunities. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluates the use of a 3-dimensional (3D) printed, anatomically accurate model to simulate CSF leak closure. Methods Volunteer participants completed two simulation sessions. Questionnaires to assess their professional qualifications and a standardized 5-point Likert scale to estimate the level of confidence, were completed before and after each session. Participants were also queried on the overall educational utility of the simulation. Results Thirteen otolaryngologists and 11 neurosurgeons, met the inclusion criteria. A successful repair of the CSF leak was achieved by 20/24 (83.33%), and 24/24 (100%) during the first and second simulation sessions respectively (average time 04:04 ± 1.39 and 02:10 ± 01:11). Time-to-close-the-CSF-leak during the second session was significantly shorter than the first (p < 0.001). Confidence scores increased across the training sessions (3.3 ± 1.0, before the simulation, 3.7 ± 0.6 after the first simulation, and 4.2 ± 0.4 after the second simulation; p < 0.001). All participants reported an increase in confidence and believed that the model represented a valuable training tool. Conclusions Despite significant differences with varying clinical scenarios, 3D printed models for cerebrospinal leak repair offer a feasible simulation for the training of residents and novice surgeons outside the constrictions of a clinical environment.

scholarly journals Importance of Photography Education to Improve Image Quality for Accurate Remote Diagnoses in Dental Trauma Patients: Observational Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Sun Jeong ◽  
Nan-Sim Pang ◽  
Yiseul Choi ◽  
Kyeong-Mee Park ◽  
Taekbin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Remote Diagnosis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Improve Image Quality ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Photography Education

BACKGROUND High-quality photos are critical for the remote diagnosis of dental trauma and thus are beneficial to the prognosis. The quality of the images obtained using a cell phone depends on the level of dental and photography knowledge of the person who is taking the photos. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the efficacy of photography education in improving images used for the remote diagnosis of dental trauma. METHODS The subjects comprised 30 laypeople and 30 dentists who were randomly assigned to 15 subgroups with 2 subjects in each. Each subject was asked to take photos of their own anterior teeth and those of their partner on the assumption that an accident occurred using both an iPhone 4s and iPhone 6. Education about how to take an appropriate photo of the anterior teeth for teleconsultation purposes was then provided, after which photos were taken again. Photos were assessed by a dentist for their usefulness in diagnosis. RESULTS This study analyzed 965 photos: 441 taken by laypeople and 524 taken by dentists. Photos taken after providing education had significantly higher scores for all assessment items than those taken before education (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). The scores were also significantly higher for photos taken using the rear camera than those taken using the front camera (<i>P</i>&lt;.02). The iPhone 6 did not have overwhelming advantages. The photos taken by dentists had significantly higher scores than those taken by laypeople for most of the evaluated items. CONCLUSIONS Both laypeople and dentists might find photography education useful for when they are taking photos to be used in teleconsultations. The type of cell phone does not significantly affect the usefulness of such photos.

Crisis Ventilator: A 3D Printed Option for Pressure Controlled Ventilation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Brito ◽  
Evan Fontaine ◽  
S. James El Haddi ◽  
Albert Chi MD FACS
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Control Ventilation ◽  
Pressure Control Ventilation ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Pressure Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Pressure Controlled

Abstract During the Coronavirus-19, or COVID-19, pandemic there was an early shortage of available ventilators. Domestic production was limited by dependence on overseas sources of raw materials despite partnering with automotive manufacturers. Our group has developed a 3D printed alternative called the CRISIS ventilator. Its design is similar to existing resuscitator devices on the market and uses a modified Pressure-Control ventilation. Here we compare the performance of the device on a simulated ARDS lung and handling of different clinical scenarios included tension pneumothorax and bronchospasm.

scholarly journals The development of a fully integrated 3D printed electrochemical platform and its application to investigate the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrazine

2020 ◽  
Vol 360 ◽  
pp. 136984 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Giorgini Escobar ◽  
Eva Vaněčková ◽  
Štěpánka Nováková Lachmanová ◽  
Federico Vivaldi ◽  
Jan Heyda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals MOSAICO, a web platform to design, perform, and assess collaborative clinical scenarios for medical students. (Preprint)

10.2196/23370 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Guinez-Molinos ◽  
Jaime Gonzalez Díaz ◽  
Carmen Gomar Sancho ◽  
Paulina Espinoza Carrasco ◽  
Gustavo Constenla Scabone
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Web Platform

scholarly journals On the fringe. The painted ornament of the Holy Tinity chapel at Koutsovendēs, Cyprus

Zograf ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Maria Parani
Keyword(s):  
High Quality ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Saint John ◽  
Saint John Chrysostom

The paper explores the painted ornament of the Holy Trinity chapel at the monastery of Saint John Chrysostom Koutsovend?s in Cyprus, founded by Eumathios Philokal?s (ca. 1100). When compared to that of other early Komnenian monuments on the island, the painted ornament at Holy Trinity stands out for its intricacy, diversity, and high-quality of execution, while its sophistication is demonstrated to be in keeping with the ambitious and erudite character of the painted ensemble as a whole. Not least, rather than being on the fringe, the painted ornament appears to have been fully integrated into the iconographic programme of the chapel, reiterating through metaphor the patron?s hope for salvation.

scholarly journals Management of the Neck in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (20) ◽  
pp. 1753-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo A. Koyfman ◽  
Nofisat Ismaila ◽  
Doug Crook ◽  
Anil D'Cruz ◽  
Cristina P. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

PURPOSE The aim of the current work is to provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing physicians and others on the management of the neck in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, surgery, radiation oncology, and advocacy experts to conduct a literature search, which included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective and retrospective comparative observational studies published from 1990 through 2018. Outcomes of interest included survival, regional disease control, neck recurrence, and quality of life. Expert Panel members used available evidence and informal consensus to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations. RESULTS The literature search identified 124 relevant studies to inform the evidence base for this guideline. Six clinical scenarios were devised; three for oral cavity cancer and three for oropharynx cancer, and recommendations were generated for each one. RECOMMENDATIONS For oral cavity cancers, clinical scenarios focused on the indications for and the hallmarks of a high-quality neck dissection, indications for postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, and whether radiotherapy alone is sufficient elective treatment of an undissected neck compared with high-quality neck dissection. For oropharynx cancers, clinical scenarios focused on hallmarks of a high-quality neck dissection, factors that would favor operative versus nonoperative primary management, and clarifying criteria for an incomplete response to definitive chemoradiation for which salvage neck dissection would be recommended. Consensus was reached and recommendations were made for all six clinical scenarios. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/head-neck-cancer-guidelines .

scholarly journals Acute, severe cryptosporidiosis in an immunocompetent pediatric patient

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Tallant ◽  
Patrick Huddleston ◽  
Asim Alshanberri ◽  
Subhasis Misra
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patient ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Diarrheal Illness ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Microbiological Agents ◽  
Bovine Species

Severe diarrheal illness in children can be attributed to a number of different microbiological agents. Without appropriate microbiological testing of stool samples, patients who present with multiple days of severe diarrhea might have a delay in proper diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report a case of an immunocompetent pediatric patient presenting with acute cryptosporidiosis. Humans and bovine species are known hosts of cryptosporidium and several studies have evaluated the zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidium from cattle to humans. Adding diagnostic tests for cryptosporidium like Ziehl-Neelsen staining of stool or fecal rapid antigen detection techniques should be considered in the workup of patients presenting with undifferentiated, severe diarrheal illness, especially in those who have close contact with livestock.

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