scholarly journals A Pentaband Compound Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G and Multi-Standard Sub-6GHz Wireless Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 2526
Author(s):  
Ikhlas Ahmad ◽  
Wasi Ur Rehman Khan ◽  
Haris Dildar ◽  
Sadiq Ullah ◽  
Shakir Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return Loss ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Printed Antenna ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Operating Band ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
5 Ghz

This work proposes a low-profile, printed antenna that offers pattern and frequency reconfiguration functionalities printed on FR-4 substrate with a size of 46 × 32 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed antenna can operate in five different frequency bands, each one identified as a Mode, wherein there are possibilities of pattern reconfiguration. The frequency and pattern reconfigurability are made possible through 12 p-i-n diode switches (S1 to S12). The former is enabled through the switches S1 to S4 within the radiating patch, hence effectively controlling the resonant bands of the antenna; the latter is made possible through main lobe beam steering, enabled by the rest of the eight switches (S5 to S12), loaded in split parasitic elements designed on both sides of the radiator. The proposed antenna operates in the 5 GHz (4.52–5.39 GHz) band when all switches are OFF. When S1 is ON, the operating band shifts to 3.5 GHz (2.96–4.17 GHz); it changes to a 2.6 GHz (2.36–2.95 GHz) band when S1 and S2 are ON. When S3 is also turned ON, the antenna shifts to the 2.1 GHz Band (1.95–2.30 GHz). When S1–S4 are ON, the operating band shifts to a 1.8GHz (1.67–1.90 GHz) band. In all these bands, the return loss remains less than −10 dB while maintaining good impedance matching. At each operating band, the ON/OFF states of the eight p-i-n diode switches (S5 through S12) enable beam steering. The proposed antenna can direct the main beam in five distinct directions at 3.5GHz, 2.6 GHz, and 2.1 GHz bands, and three different directions at 5 GHz and 1.8 GHz bands. Different 5G bands (2.1, 2.6, 3.5, and 5) GHz, which fall in the sub 6GHz range, are supported by the proposed antenna. In addition, GSM (1.8 GHz), UMTS (2.1 GHz), 4G-LTE (2.1 GHz and 2.6 GHz), WiMAX (2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz) and WLAN (5 GHz) applications are also supported by the proposed antenna, which is a candidate for handheld 5G/4G/3G devices.

scholarly journals Design and Experimental Analysis of Multiband Compound Reconfigurable 5G Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Wireless Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ikhlas Ahmad ◽  
Haris Dildar ◽  
Wasi Ur Rehman Khan ◽  
Syed Amir Ali Shah ◽  
Shakir Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return Loss ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Pin Diode ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
The Given

In this paper, a printed low-profile antenna with frequency and pattern reconfigurable functionality is designed in three modes. Each mode operates at different frequency bands and has several options available for pattern reconfiguration in these bands. The proposed antenna consists of eight pin-diode switches (S1 to S8). The switches S1 and S2, installed in the radiating patch, are used for frequency reconfigurability to control the operating bands of the antenna. The rest of the six switches (S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8), loaded in the stubs on the rear side of the antenna, are used for pattern reconfiguration to control the main lobe beam steering. When all switches are off, the proposed antenna operates in a wideband mode, covering the 3.82-9.32 GHz frequency range. When S1 is on, the antenna resonates in the 3.5 GHz (3.09-4.17 GHz) band. When both S1 and S2 are on, the resonant band of the antenna is shifted to 2.5 GHz band (2.40-2.81 GHz). A very good impedance matching with a return loss of less than -10 dB is attained in these bands. The beam steering is done at each operating frequency by controlling the on and off states of the six pin-diode switches (S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8). Depending on the state of the switches, the antenna can direct the beam in seven distinct directions at 4.2 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5 GHz. The main beam of the radiation pattern is steered in five different directions at 5.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 2.6 GHz operating bands for the given state of the mentioned switches. The proposed antenna supports several sub-6 GHz 5G bands (2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 4.2 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5 GHz) and can be used in handheld 5G devices.

A Novel Pentagonal Shaped Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Defense Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Purnima Sharma ◽  
Akshi Kotecha ◽  
Rama Choudhary ◽  
Partha Pratim Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Radio Frequency Field ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
High Frequency Structure Simulator ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Radar Satellite ◽  
5 Ghz

Background: The Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) is most widely used for wireless communication applications due to its unique properties as low Specific Absorption Rate, low profile geometry and easy fabrication. In literature a number of multiband PIFA designs are available that support various wireless applications in mobile communication, satellite communication and radio frequency field. Methods: In this paper, a miniature sized planar inverted-F antenna has been proposed for dual-band operation. The antenna consists of an asymmetrical pentagonal shaped patch over an FR4 substrate. The overall antenna dimension is 10 × 10 × 3 mm3 and resonates at 5.7 GHz frequency. A modification is done in the patch structure by introducing an asymmetrical pentagon slot. Results: The proposed pentagonal antenna resonates at 5.7 GHz frequency. Further, modified antenna resonates at two bands. The lower band resonates at 5 GHz and having a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz. This band corresponds to C-band, which is suitable for satellite communication. The upper band is at 7.9 GHz with a bandwidth of 500 MHz. Performance parameters such as return loss, VSWR, input impedance and radiation pattern are obtained and analysed using ANSYS High- Frequency Structure Simulator. The radiation patterns obtained are directional, which are suitable for mobile communication. Conclusion: The antenna is compact in size and suitable for radar, satellite and vehicular communication.

scholarly journals A Novel Circular Slotted Microstrip-Fed Patch Antenna with three Triangle Shape Defected Ground Structure for Multiband Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jaiswal ◽  
R. K. Sarin ◽  
B. Raj ◽  
S. Sukhija
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Rectangular Patch ◽  
Miniaturized Antenna

In this paper, a novel circular slotted rectangular patch antenna with three triangle shape Defected Ground Structure (DGS) has been proposed. Radiating patch is made by cutting circular slots of radius 3 mm from the three sides and center of the conventional rectangular patch structure and three triangle shape defects are presented on the ground layer. The size of the proposed antenna is 38 X 25 mm2. Optimization is performed and simulation results have been obtained using Empire XCcel 5.51 software. Thus, a miniaturized antenna is designed which has three impedance bandwidths of 0.957 GHz,  0.779 GHz, 0.665 GHz with resonant frequencies at 3.33 GHz, 6.97 GHz and 8.59 GHz and the corresponding return loss at the three resonant frequencies are -40 dB, -43 dB and -38.71 dB respectively. A prototype is also fabricated and tested. Fine agreement between the measured and simulated results has been obtained. It has been observed that introducing three triangle shape defects on the ground plane results in increased bandwidth, less return loss, good radiation pattern and better impedance matching over the required operating bands which can be used for wireless applications and future 5G applications.

Design and Development of Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
R. Nagendra ◽  
T. Venkateswarulu
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Composite Patch ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Operating Band

In this paper, a novel dual band microstrip patch antenna based on composite patch antenna and radiating part. By selecting a suitable offset feed position, it is feasible to provide 50Ω characteristic impedance and thus making better impedance matching. The proposed antenna has been improved broader bandwidth by using RT Duroid substrate. The radiating part is plays a important role in creating a lower operating band (2.45 GHz) in addition to achieve miniaturization. The proposed antenna has to be fabricated with RT / Duroid substrate and dimensions of 19 × 22 × 0.8 mm. The measured -10 dB bandwidth of 200 MHz at 2.45 GHz and 990 MHz at 5.45 GHz, which is quite useful for Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) and WLAN applications. 

scholarly journals Yagi Array of Microstrip Quarter-Wave Patch Antennas with Microstrip Lines Coupling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Juhua Liu ◽  
Yue Kang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Yunliang Long
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Vertical Polarization ◽  
Microstrip Lines ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Quarter Wave ◽  
Peak Gain

A new kind of Yagi array of quarter-wave patch antennas is presented. The Yagi array has a low profile, a wide bandwidth, and a high gain. A main beam close to endfire is produced, with a vertical polarization in the horizontal plane. A set of microstrip lines are introduced between the driven element and the first director element to enhance the coupling between them, and therefore the bandwidth could be increased and the back lobes could be suppressed. Measured results show that the Yagi array with 4 elements generates a peak gain of about 9.7 dBi, a front-to-back ratio higher than 10 dB, and a 10 dB return loss band from 4.68 GHz to 5.24 GHz, with a profile of 1.5 mm and an overall size of 80 × 100 mm2. An increase of the number of director elements would enhance the gain and have the main beam pointing closer to endfire.

scholarly journals Two element folded meander line MIMO antenna for Wireless applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sanjay Chouhan ◽  
Leeladhar Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Compact Antenna ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Meander Line

Compact antenna, appropriate gain, high efficiency, wide bandwidth, minimum envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), large total active reflection coefficient (TARC) bandwidth, and low specific absorption rate (SAR) are certain conditions set on the present/future generations of wireless communication antennas with the lowest cost of implementation. A compact low profile folded MIMO antenna has been designed using CST tool to cover application at 5.2 GHz. The reported folded MIMO antenna has bandwidth of 600 MHz (5.0-5.6 GHz) and has fractional bandwidth of 11.32 % along with the compact size of 37.5 × 17.0 mm2 . The reported MIMO antenna has ECC of < 10-2. The proposed folded MIMO antenna resonates at 5.2 GHz and has return loss of -44.0 dB. The inter-port isolation in antenna ports is > 11.50 dB in the defined frequency band. The response of TARC shows > 580 MHz of bandwidth with pair of excitation angles at antenna ports. The gain of antenna is > 3.0 dBi in the operating band. The reported radiating geometry makes the design very compact. To check the radiation effect on human body in different positions, the SAR is evaluated for indoor environment.

scholarly journals Low Profile Wideband Dual-Ring Slot Antenna for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Shilpee Patil ◽  
Vinod Kapse ◽  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
Anil Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
High Frequency Structure Simulator ◽  
Large Bandwidth ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Dual Ring

In this study, a low-profile, co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed, wideband, and dual-ring slot antenna design for biomedical applications is proposed. The proposed antenna has a total area of 10 mm × 10 mm and a height of 0.4 mm, and is designed by using a thin and biocompatible FR4 epoxy (εr = 4.4) substrate to accomplish human body isolation and great flexibility obtained by implantation. This wideband antenna covers a large bandwidth of industrial scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band, including 902.8 MHz to 928 MHz, 1.395 GHz to 1.4 GHz, 1.427 GHz to 1.432 GHz, 2.4 GHz to 2.485 GHz, and above. The simulation results of return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), impedance matching, gain, and radiation pattern of the proposed antenna are obtained through High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) 14 software.

New Microstrip Diplexer for Recent Wireless Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqeen S. Mezaal ◽  
Seham A. Hashim ◽  
Aqeel H.Al-fatlawi ◽  
Hussein A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Coupled Resonators ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Operating Band ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Better Than

In this study, dual-channel diplexer using microstrip open loop coupled resonators has been designed and simulated; each channel has two operating band frequencies. This microstrip diplexer is designed for (1.424/1.732GHz) for first channel and (2.014/2.318GHz) for second channel. The simulated results for this device have insertion loss (1.8 and 1 dB) at load 1, and (1.5 and 3 dB) at load 2. Additionally, it has reasonable return loss magnitudes better than 10 dB and effective isolation between channels of35 dB. The proposed design has shown an uncomplicated topology, an effectual design method, small circuit size and narrowband frequency responses that are fitting for multi service wireless schemes.  

scholarly journals A Miniaturized Butler Matrix Based Switched Beamforming Antenna System in a Two-Layer Hybrid Stackup Substrate for 5G Applications

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
Seongjo Yoon ◽  
Yongho Lee ◽  
Hyunchol Shin
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
System Size ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Circuit Components

This work presents a Butler matrix based four-directional switched beamforming antenna system realized in a two-layer hybrid stackup substrate for 28-GHz mm-Wave 5G wireless applications. The hybrid stackup substrate is composed of two layers with different electrical and thermal properties. It is formed by attaching two layers by using prepreg, in which the circuit components are placed in both outer planes and the ground layers are placed in the middle. The upper layer that is used as antenna substrate has εr = 2.17, tanδ = 0.0009 and h = 0.254 mm. The lower layer that is used as a Butler matrix substrate has εr = 6.15, tanδ = 0.0028 and h = 0.254 mm. By realizing the antenna array on the lower-εr layer while the Butler matrix on the higher-εr layer, the Butler matrix dimension is significantly reduced without sacrificing the array antenna performance, leading to significant overall antenna system size reduction. The two-layer substrate approach also significantly suppresses parasitic radiation leaking from the Butler matrix toward the antenna side, allowing overall radiation pattern improvement. The fabricated beamforming antenna is composed of 1 × 4 patch antenna array and a 4 × 4 Butler matrix. The measured return loss is lower than −8 dB at all ports in 28-GHz. It demonstrates the switched beam steering toward four distinct angles of—16°, +36°, −39°, and +7°, with the sidelobe levels of −12, −11.7, −6, and −13.8 dB, respectively. Antenna gain is found to be about 10 dBi. Due to the two-layer hybrid stackup substrate, the total antenna system is realized only in 1.7λ × 2.1λ, which shows the smallest form factor compared to similar other works.

Multiband rectangular-shaped ring antenna embedded with inverted S- and C-shaped strips for WLAN/WiMAX/UWB applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davinder Parkash ◽  
Rajesh Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Return Loss ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fair Agreement ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Radiating Element ◽  
Ring Antenna ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Uwb Applications

This research work presents a microstrip-fed antenna that is small, low-profile, planar, and suitable for WLAN/WiMAX and partially ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The radiating element of the proposed antenna consists of rectangular-shaped ring embedded with a three inverted “S”-shaped and inverted “C”-shaped strips. This antenna is capable of generating penta bands having good impedance matching with wideband characteristics. Prototype of the proposed antenna has been designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested. The overall small size of the antenna is 24.75 mm × 27.39 mm × 1.6 mm with volumetric size of 1 cm3. To understand the characteristics of the proposed antenna, the parametric studies are being performed. The return loss of the proposed antenna shows fair agreement with the simulated and measured results.

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