A Flexible Turning and Sensing System for Pressure Ulcers Prevention

Pressure ulcers (PU) are one of the most frequent hazards of long-term bedridden patients. With the continuous increase of aging, the number of long-term bedridden disabled and semi-disabled elderly people is increasing. At the same time, there is a serious shortage of professional pressure ulcer nursing staff. There is also a lack of flexible turning equipment for PU prevention. The research in the field of pressure ulcer prevention at home and abroad is carried out steadily, and the equipment for turning over by pneumatic or mechanical drive is developed. However, these devices often have insurmountable defects, such as complex structure, cost constraints, difficult control, weak body feeling, and so on. Under these circumstances, a set of pneumatic turnover mattresses based on clinical nursing methods have been developed. The mattress is divided into a turnover area and two support areas. The turnover airbag is linked with the support airbag to improve the patient’s comfort when passively turning over. The turnover amplitude and interval can be adjusted to provide a personalized turnover experience for bedridden patients. To improve the safety of the turning mattress during automatic turning, we also add a temperature sensor based on the principle of infrared reflection to monitor the status of bedridden patients, which can realize real-time temperature measurement, monitoring of getting out of bed and monitoring of the turning process.

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Biomechanical changes on the typical sites of pressure ulcers in the process of turning over from supine position: theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment

10.21203/rs.3.rs-772442/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peng Su ◽

Qinglong Lun ◽

Da Lu ◽

Qiulong Wu ◽

Tian Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Contact Pressure ◽

Pressure Ulcer ◽

Supine Position ◽

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Pressure Curve ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Simulation And Experiment ◽

Biomechanical Changes

Abstract Background Pressure ulcer is a typical disease, which is common in long-term bedridden patients and difficult to cure. It is necessary to study the biomechanics of the typical sites of pressure ulcers in turning over from supine position, which is an important reference for clinical medical nursing and and guides an assisted exoskeleton robot design. Methods The typical sites of pressure ulcers mainly focus on the scapula and the hip-sacrum of the trunk in turning over from the supine position. Based on the requirements of rehabilitation technical aids and the anatomy theory, the simple model of the scapula and the hip-sacrum were established for a force analysis in the process of turning over from the supine position, and the theoretical contact pressure between the human body and the bed surface was obtained. Then, three-dimensional models of the scapula and hip- sacrum were reconstructed and the maximum stress under different boundary conditions was obtained by finite element analysis. Finally, the pressure distribution sensor was used to carry out the human experiment of turning over from the supine position, and the pressure cloud diagram and the maximum contact pressure curve of the shoulder blade and the hip were obtained under different angles of turning over. Results The results from theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment were almost the same change trends, and the curves and the stress diagrams showed the contact pressure change of the typical sites of pressure ulcers in turning over. The angle threshold of the optimal comprehensive pressure can improve the use efficiency of the equipment to assist human turning over and reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers in the use of assisted bed in long-term bedridden patients. Conclusions In response to the less research on the mechanism of pressure ulcer, biomechanical changes have been revealed, which helps to explain the causes of pressure ulcer disease and provide basis for improving clinical nursing, and the relevant results provided a reference that contributes to the man-machine coupling design of the assisted rollover robot.

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Factors Related to the Absence or Presence of Pressure Ulcers and the Degree of Pressure Ulcer Involvement in Long Term Care

Journal of the American Dietetic Association ◽

10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00647-6 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

pp. A93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.B. Joy ◽

J.F. Halling

Keyword(s):

Pressure Ulcer ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Term Care

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Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers

Journal of Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/0897190004263217 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 137-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christine K. O’Neil

Keyword(s):

Pressure Ulcer ◽

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Health Concern ◽

Term Care ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

Sentinel Event ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Selection Of

Pressure ulcers are a serious health concern for elders in acute care, long-term care, and home care settings. The occurrence of a pressure ulcer is considered a sentinel event in terms of quality of care. Pressure ulcers may result in significant morbidity and mortality and are associated with high cost in terms of human suffering, cost of treatment, and possible litigation. Several risk factors have been identified for the development of pressure ulcers. Identification of elderly patients at risk of pressure and implementation of preventative measures are essential. Management of a pressure ulcer involves debridement, cleansing, selection of an appropriate dressing, and prevention of infection. This article reviews suggested guidelines for the prevention and management of pressure ulcers.

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Pressure ulcers and nutritional deficits in elderly long-term care patients : effects of a comprehensive nutritional program on pressure ulcer healing, length of hospital stay and charges to patients

10.25148/etd.fi13101586 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Beverlin Allen

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Pressure Ulcer ◽

Ulcer Healing ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Term Care ◽

Nutritional Deficits ◽

Healing Length

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Managing the Prevention of Skin Breakdown

Adult Nursing Practice ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199697410.003.0038 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Nelson

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Pressure Ulcer ◽

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Advisory Panel ◽

Nursing Management ◽

Nursing Role ◽

Skin Breakdown

This chapter addresses the fundamental role of nurses in the prevention of skin breakdown. Every nurse should possess the knowledge and skills to identify people at risk of skin breakdown, to select and implement strategies to maintain skin integrity, and to review the effectiveness of these to inform any necessary changes in care. Skin breakdown is associated with long-term conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and spinal cord injury, and with acute illnesses that cause mobility restriction such as surgery and severe illness. Diabetes is associated with foot ulcers, cardiovascular disease with leg ulcers, and acute or long-term mobility restriction is associated with pressure ulcers. This chapter focuses on these three categories of skin breakdown and illuminates the key responsibilities carried by nurses in each of these areas. The first section of this chapter provides detailed guidance on the nursing management of pressure ulcer prevention. This is followed by a subsidiary section on the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. The final section provides a short overview of the nursing role in preventing or managing venous ulceration. Pressure ulcers, which are also called pressure sores, bed sores, and decubitus ulcers, have been defined as:…localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear. (European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 2010)…Pressure ulcers may present as persistent redness (where the skin is damaged, but not yet broken), blisters, shallow sores, or necrotic wounds extending to the muscle and bone. An ‘avoidable pressure ulcer’ is one that developed and the provider of care did not do one of the following:…● evaluate the person’s clinical condition and pressure ulcer risk factors; ● plan and implement interventions consistent with the person’s needs and goals, and recognize standards of practice; ● monitor and evaluate the impact of the interventions; or ● revise the interventions as appropriate….

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A Study on the Status of Cognition Dysfunction and Long-term Care Service Experts in Korea Elderly Using Community Database

Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia ◽

10.34263/jsotad.2019.13.2.33 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

Eom-Ji Park ◽

Min-Seok Cho ◽

Soo-Hee Park

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

Care Service ◽

Term Care ◽

The Status ◽

Cognition Dysfunction

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Personality dynamics at work: The effects of form, time, and context of variability

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1177/08902070211017341 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089020702110173

Author(s):

Nadin Beckmann ◽

Damian P Birney ◽

Amirali Minbashian ◽

Jens F Beckmann

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Ability ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Short Term ◽

State Data ◽

The Status ◽

Over Time ◽

Trait Variability

The study aimed to investigate the status of within-person state variability in neuroticism and conscientiousness as individual differences constructs by exploring their (a) temporal stability, (b) cross-context consistency, (c) empirical links to selected antecedents, and (d) empirical links to longer term trait variability. Employing a sample of professionals ( N = 346) from Australian organisations, personality state data together with situation appraisals were collected using experience sampling methodology in field and repeatedly in lab-like settings. Data on personality traits, cognitive ability, and motivational mindsets were collected at baseline and after two years. Contingent (situation contingencies) and non-contingent (relative SD) state variability indices were relatively stable over time and across contexts. Only a small number of predictive effects of state variability were observed, and these differed across contexts. Cognitive ability appeared to be associated with state variability under lab-like conditions. There was limited evidence of links between short-term state and long-term trait variability, except for a small effect for neuroticism. Some evidence of positive manifold was found for non-contingent variability. Systematic efforts are required to further elucidate the complex pattern of results regarding the antecedents, correlates and outcomes of individual differences in state variability.

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Lyell, the Geikies and Croll's observations on terrestrial glacial sediments and landforms

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s1755691021000116 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

James ROSE

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

High Quality ◽

Glacial Sediments ◽

Direct Observations ◽

The Social ◽

The Status ◽

Social And Physical Environment ◽

Glacial Landforms

ABSTRACT Within the context of the work and achievements of James Croll, this paper reviews the records of direct observations of glacial landforms and sediments made by Charles Lyell, Archibald and James Geikie and James Croll himself, in order to evaluate their contributions to the sciences of glacial geology and Quaternary environmental change. The paper outlines the social and physical environment of Croll's youth and contrasts this with the status and experiences of Lyell and the Geikies. It also outlines the character and role of the ‘Glasgow School’ of geologists, who stimulated Croll's interest into the causes of climate change and directed his focus to the glacial and ‘interglacial’ deposits of central Scotland. Contributions are outlined in chronological order, drawing attention to: (i) Lyell's high-quality observations and interpretations of glacial features in Glen Clova and Strathmore and his subsequent rejection of the glacial theory in favour of processes attributed to floating icebergs; (ii) the significant impact of Archibald Geikie's 1863 paper on the ‘glacial drift of Scotland’, which firmly established the land-ice theory; (iii) the fact that, despite James Croll's inherent dislike of geology and fieldwork, he provided high-quality descriptions and interpretations of the landforms and sediments of central Scotland in order to test his theory of climate change; and (iv) the great communication skills of James Geikie, enhanced by contacts and evidence from around the world. It is concluded that whilst direct observations of glacial landforms and sediments were critical to the long-term development of the study of glaciation, the acceptance of this theory was dependent also upon the skills, personality and status of the Geikies and Croll, who developed and promoted the concepts. Sadly, the subsequent rejection of the land-ice concept by Lyell resulted in the same factors challenging the acceptance of the glacial theory.

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A Transformation of the Approach to Evaluating a Region’s Investment Attractiveness as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Economies ◽

10.3390/economies9020059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Dmitriy G. Rodionov ◽

Evgenii A. Konnikov ◽

Magomedgusen N. Nasrutdinov

Keyword(s):

Social Environment ◽

World Order ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Innovative Development ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Regional Environment ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

The Status

The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused a transformation of virtually all aspects of the world order today. Due to the introduction of the world quarantine, a considerable share of professional communications has been transformed into a format of distance interaction. As a result, the specific weight of traditional components of the investment attractiveness of a region is steadily going down, because modern business can be built without the need for territorial unity. It should be stated that now the criteria according to which investors decide if they are ready to invest in a region are dynamically transforming. The significance of the following characteristics is increasingly growing: the sustainable development of a region, qualities of the social environment, and consistency of the social infrastructure. Thus, the approaches to evaluating the region’s investment attractiveness must be transformed. Moreover, the investment process at the federal level involves the determination of target areas of regional development. Despite the universal significance of innovative development, the region can develop much more dynamically when a complex external environment is formed that complements its development model. Interregional interaction, as well as an integrated approach to innovative development, taking into account not only the momentary effect, but also the qualitative long-term transformation of the region, will significantly increase the return on investment. At the same time, the currently existing methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of the region are usually heuristic in nature and are not universal. The heuristic nature of the existing methods does not allow to completely abstract from the subjectivity of the researcher. Moreover, the existing methods do not take into account the cyclical properties of the innovative development of the region, which lead to the formation of a long-term effect from the transformation of the regional environment. This study is aimed at forming a comprehensive methodology that can be used to evaluate the investment attractiveness of a certain region and conclude about the lines of business that should be developed in it as well as to find ways to increase the region’s investment attractiveness. According to the results of the study, a comprehensive methodology was formed to evaluate the region’s investment attractiveness. It consists of three key indicators, namely, the level of the region’s investment attractiveness, the projected level of the region’s investment attractiveness, and the development vector of the region’s investment attractiveness. This methodology is based on a set of indicators that consider the status of the economic and social environment of the region, as well as the status of the innovative and ecological environment. The methodology can be used to make multi-dimensional conclusions both about the growth areas responsible for increasing the region’s innovative attractiveness and the lines of business that should be developed in the region.

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