scholarly journals A Buck-Boost Transformerless DC–DC Converter Based on IGBT Modules for Fast Charge of Electric Vehicles

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borislav Dimitrov ◽  
Khaled Hayatleh ◽  
Steve Barker ◽  
Gordana Collier ◽  
Suleiman Sharkh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Fast Charge ◽  
Igbt Modules ◽  
Wide Range

A transformer-less Buck-Boost direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converter in use for the fast charge of electric vehicles, based on powerful high-voltage isolated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules is analyzed, designed and experimentally verified. The main advantages of this topology are: simple structure on the converter’s power stage; a wide range of the output voltage, capable of supporting contemporary vehicles’ on-board battery packs; efficiency; and power density accepted to be high enough for such a class of hard-switched converters. A precise estimation of the loss, dissipated in the converter’s basic modes of operation Buck, Boost, and Buck-Boost is presented. The analysis shows an approach of loss minimization, based on switching frequency reduction during the Buck-Boost operation mode. Such a technique guarantees stable thermal characteristics during the entire operation, i.e., battery charge cycle. As the Buck-Boost mode takes place when Buck and Boost modes cannot support the output voltage, operating as a combination of them, it can be considered as critically dependent on the characteristics of the semiconductors. With this, the necessary duty cycle and voltage range, determined with respect to the input-output voltages and power losses, require an additional study to be conducted. Additionally, the tolerance of the applied switching frequencies for the most versatile silicon-based powerful IGBT modules is analyzed and experimentally verified. Finally, several important characteristics, such as transients during switch-on and switch-off, IGBTs’ voltage tails, critical duty cycles, etc., are depicted experimentally with oscillograms, obtained by an experimental model.

scholarly journals Analysis and Implementation of a Frequency Control DC–DC Converter for Light Electric Vehicle Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1623
Author(s):  
Bor-Ren Lin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Battery Charger ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Transportation Vehicle

In order to realize emission-free solutions and clean transportation alternatives, this paper presents a new DC converter with pulse frequency control for a battery charger in electric vehicles (EVs) or light electric vehicles (LEVs). The circuit configuration includes a resonant tank on the high-voltage side and two variable winding sets on the output side to achieve wide output voltage operation for a universal LEV battery charger. The input terminal of the presented converter is a from DC microgrid with voltage levels of 380, 760, or 1500 V for house, industry plant, or DC transportation vehicle demands, respectively. To reduce voltage stresses on active devices, a cascade circuit structure with less voltage rating on power semiconductors is used on the primary side. Two resonant capacitors were selected on the resonant tank, not only to achieve the two input voltage balance problem but also to realize the resonant operation to control load voltage. By using the variable switching frequency approach to regulate load voltage, active switches are turned on with soft switching operation to improve converter efficiency. In order to achieve wide output voltage capability for universal battery charger demands such as scooters, electric motorbikes, Li-ion e-trikes, golf carts, luxury golf cars, and quad applications, two variable winding sets were selected to have a wide voltage output (50~160 V). Finally, experiments with a 1 kW rated prototype were demonstrated to validate the performance and benefits of presented converter.

scholarly journals Design Method of Double-Boost DC/DC Converter with High Voltage Gain for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxin Liu ◽  
Jiuyu Du ◽  
Boyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Current Feedback ◽  
Voltage Ripple ◽  
High Voltage Gain

Direct current to direct current (DC/DC) converters are required to have higher voltage gains in some applications for electric vehicles, high-voltage level charging systems and fuel cell electric vehicles. Therefore, it is greatly important to carry out research on high voltage gain DC/DC converters. To improve the efficiency of high voltage gain DC/DC converters and solve the problems of output voltage ripple and robustness, this paper proposes a double-boost DC/DC converter. Based on the small-signal model of the proposed converter, a double closed-loop controller with voltage–current feedback and input voltage feedforward is designed. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiency of the proposed converter exceeds 95%, and the output voltage ripple factor is 0.01. Compared with the traditional boost converter and multi-phase interleaved DC/DC converter, the proposed topology has certain advantages in terms of voltage gain, device stress, number of devices, and application of control algorithms.

scholarly journals Step-Up Series Resonant DC–DC Converter with Bidirectional-Switch-Based Boost Rectifier for Wide Input Voltage Range Photovoltaic Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abualkasim Bakeer ◽  
Andrii Chub ◽  
Dmitri Vinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Resonant

This paper proposes a high gain DC–DC converter based on the series resonant converter (SRC) for photovoltaic (PV) applications. This study considers low power applications, where the resonant inductance is usually relatively small to reduce the cost of the converter realization, which results in low-quality factor values. On the other hand, these SRCs can be controlled at a fixed switching frequency. The proposed topology utilizes a bidirectional switch (AC switch) to regulate the input voltage in a wide range. This study shows that the existing topology with a bidirectional switch has a limited input voltage regulation range. To avoid this issue, the resonant tank is rearranged in the proposed converter to the resonance capacitor before the bidirectional switch. By this rearrangement, the dependence of the DC voltage gain on the duty cycle is changed, so the proposed converter requires a smaller duty cycle than that of the existing counterpart at the same gain. Theoretical analysis shows that the input voltage regulation range is extended to the region of high DC voltage gain values at the maximum input current. Contrary to the existing counterpart, the proposed converter can be realized with a wide range of the resonant inductance values without compromising the input voltage regulation range. Nevertheless, the proposed converter maintains advantages of the SRC, such as zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on of the primary-side semiconductor switches. In addition, the output-side diodes are turned off at zero current. The proposed converter is analyzed and compared with the existing counterpart theoretically and experimentally. A 300 W experimental prototype is used to validate the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter. The peak efficiency of the converter is 96.5%.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Interface Resonant Converter for Wide Voltage Range Storage Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Mouncif Arazi ◽  
Alireza Payman ◽  
Mamadou Baïlo Camara ◽  
Brayima Dakyo
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Harmonic Approximation ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Resonant Circuit ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Resonant Converter ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Storage Units

In this paper, a bidirectional zero voltage switching (ZVS) resonant converter with narrow control frequency deviation is proposed. Wide input–output voltage range applications, such as flywheel or supercapacitors storage units are targeted. Due to symmetrical topology of resonant circuit interfaces, the proposed converter has similar behavior in bidirectional operating mode. We call it Dual Active Bridge Converter (DABC). The proposal topology of the converter is subjected to multi resonant circuits which make it necessary to study with multiscale approaches. Thus, first harmonic approximation and use of selective per unit parameters are established in (2) Methods. Then, the forward direction and backward direction of power flux exchange are detailed according to switching sequences. Switching frequency control must be completed within a narrow range. So, the frequency range deterministic parameters are emphasized in the design procedure in (3) Methods. A narrow range of switching frequency and a wide range voltage control must be ensured to suit for energy storage units, power electronic devices capabilities and electromagnetic compatibility. A 3 kW test bench is used to validate operation principles and to proof success of the developed design procedure. The interest of proposed converter is compared to other solutions from the literature in (4) Results.

scholarly journals Battery Charger with Bidirectional Power Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii V. Harnytskyi ◽  
Evgenii Volodymyrovych Verbytskii
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pause Duration ◽  
Soft Switching ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Supply Systems

The gradual reduction in price of electric batteries contributes to their wider use in autonomous and centralized power supply systems as a backup source of electricity and increase the share of electric vehicles. In the paper the conditions for increasing the efficiency of electric vehicle batteries, in particular in the framework of the concept of V2G (Vehicle to Grid) as a drive for the organization of autonomous power supply systems are analyzed. It is shown that this is possible only with the simple integration of batteries into the system, flexibility, and a wide range of modes that have to be provided by unified charge-discharge devices. Such charging devices have to have such features: a wide range of input and output voltage parameters; correction of the input power factor; the ability to take the maximum power from renewable energy sources; high energy efficiency. A review of possible topologies for a charger with bidirectional power transmission and a bridge converter with soft switching of transistors at zero voltage, which has a high efficiency, galvanic isolation and the ability to correct the shape of the current. The modes of operation of the converter are analyzed and conditions of soft switching is obtained. It is shown that soft switching is valid for current that is not less than minimal one. Efficiency of the converter with soft commutation is compared with a similar converter with rigid commutation of transistors. It is shown that static losses in converter with soft commutation it higher than in the rigid one. So, the proposed converter should be used if the increase in static losses is compensated by the lack of dynamic losses. Additional feature of the converter is that the regulation of the output voltage of the converter with soft switching is carried out according to the law of frequency-pulse modulation with a constant pause duration, where the pause duration is determined by the period of resonant processes of the converter. The model of the converter in Matlab Simulink is built and it is shown that the efficiency of the proposed converter topology is 10-15% higher, which together with the possibility of sinusoidal current with THD ≈ 20% and two-way transmission energy indicates the feasibility of its use as a charger for electric vehicles under the concept of V2G. However, it should be noted that the use of LCL filter creates a phase shift between voltage and current and degrades the THD value. To improve the shape, it is possible to use specialized laws of modulation [or to use modular converters, which allow to obtain a continuous current shape and reduce the volume of the filter.

Phase-shifted Series Resonant Converter with Zero Voltage Switching Turn-on and Variable Frequency Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Awang Jusoh ◽  
Nik Rumzi Nik Idris ◽  
Tole Sutikno ◽  
Yonis.M.Yonis Buswig
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Resonant Converter ◽  
Zero Voltage Switching ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Resonant ◽  
Zero Voltage ◽  
Voltage Switching

This paper presents a phase shifted series resonant converter with step up high frequency transformer to achieve the functions of high output voltage, high power density and wide range of Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). In this approach, the output voltage is controlled by varying the switching frequency. The controller has been designed to achieve a good stability under different load conditions. The converter will react to the load variation by varying its switching frequency to satisfy the output voltage requirements. Therefore in order to maintain constant output voltage, for light load (50% of the load), the switching frequency will be decreased to meet the desired output, while for the full load (100%) conditions, the switching frequency will be increased. Since the controlled switching frequency is limited by the range between the higher and lower resonant frequencies , the switches can be turned on under ZVS. In this study, a laboratory experiment has been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the system performance.

scholarly journals On the Innovation Design for Two-Motor Transmissions with Eight-Link Mechanisms in the Electric Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Tan Hoang ◽  
Hong-Sen Yan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Working Principle

A decade ago, electric vehicles (EV) made a boom in the automobile market, as they started to become a growing market section in the transportation space. The reasons behind the boom were to decrease environmental pollution by reducing the use of fossil fuels, lowering transportation operating costs, and increased general consumer interest in the new technology. This work generates a streamlined process for the design and simulation of motor transmissions with eight-link mechanisms. This procedure presents a wide range of motor transmissions such as 34 new clutchless systems and 34 new clutched systems. Two novel feasible motor transmissions of the design process are taken as a sample to dissect the working principle conjoined both power flow paths and operation modes. In addition, these designs are conducted for modeling and computer simulation procedures that obtain the results of the energy management strategy and operation mode variation.

scholarly journals High-efficiency Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter for Residential Energy Storage System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Hyeong Ham ◽  
Yoon-Geol Choi ◽  
Hyeon-Seok Lee ◽  
Sang-Won Lee ◽  
Su-Chang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Output Filter

This paper proposes a bidirectional dc–dc converter for residential micro-grid applications. The proposed converter can operate over an input voltage range that overlaps the output voltage range. This converter uses two snubber capacitors to reduce the switch turn-off losses, a dc-blocking capacitor to reduce the input/output filter size, and a 1:1 transformer to reduce core loss. The windings of the transformer are connected in parallel and in reverse-coupled configuration to suppress magnetic flux swing in the core. Zero-voltage turn-on of the switch is achieved by operating the converter in discontinuous conduction mode. The experimental converter was designed to operate at a switching frequency of 40–210 kHz, an input voltage of 48 V, an output voltage of 36–60 V, and an output power of 50–500 W. The power conversion efficiency for boost conversion to 60 V was ≥98.3% in the entire power range. The efficiency for buck conversion to 36 V was ≥98.4% in the entire power range. The output voltage ripple at full load was <3.59 Vp.p for boost conversion (60 V) and 1.35 Vp.p for buck conversion (36 V) with the reduced input/output filter. The experimental results indicate that the proposed converter is well-suited to smart-grid energy storage systems that require high efficiency, small size, and overlapping input and output voltage ranges.

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