scholarly journals PESL: System-Level Estimation of Power-Management Effect on Dynamic Energy Consumption

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Erdelyi ◽  
Dominik Macko ◽  
Katarina Jelemenska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Hamming Distance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
System Level ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Power estimation is one of the key aspects that can help designers create digital circuits more effectively. If a designer is able to estimate circuit parameters during the early stages of development, correct decisions can be made that can significantly shorten the design time. The early design stages are represented by modeling at the system level of abstraction. However, existing system-level power/energy estimation methods are either too complicated, or they do not consider power management when estimating power consumption, meaning they are inaccurate. Therefore, in this paper we propose a method for a more accurate system-level estimation of the dynamic energy consumption by considering the impact of power management. The SystemC description of a power-managed system and the simulation results (in the form of the value change dump (VCD)) are inputs to the estimation method. The proposed method is based on an activity profile using the modified Hamming distance computation. The method is especially useful for the exploration of alternative power-management strategies, and it helps the designer to select the most efficient strategy.

Managing chemotherapy drug shortages in Ontario.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
Leonard Kaizer ◽  
Sherrie Hertz ◽  
Lyndee Yeung ◽  
Lisa Milgram ◽  
Scott Gavura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
System Level ◽  
Funding Policy ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Drug Shortages ◽  
Clinical Guidance ◽  
Chemotherapy Drug ◽  
Platinum Refractory ◽  
The Impact

192 Background: Chemotherapy drug shortages are common and unpredictable. The causes are multifactorial and the negative effects on patients and practitioners have been well described. In an effort to mitigate the impact of this problem, Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) has developed a coordinated approach to the management of chemotherapy drug shortages. Tactics have included a system level strategy to promote communication through a virtual collaborative workspace for providers to network and share management strategies and inventory, where feasible. Disease site experts have also developed clinical guidance for the management of specific drug shortages which have then supported public funding decisions that enabled the use of substitute chemotherapy agents in a number of instances. Methods: The impact and management of a recent shortage of liposomal doxorubicin (LD), a publically funded drug for patients with platinum refractory ovarian cancer is described for both new chemotherapy starts and for prevalent LD treated cases. Expert clinical guidance supported a funding policy amendment so patients already on treatment could switch to a recognized substitute drug, topotecan (TT). This also became the preferred funded option for new platinum refractory patients. Results: LD was in short supply between August 2011 and December 2012. In the quarter prior to shortage, 83 new platinum refractory patients started on LD and 1 on TT. During that time, the average number of monthly prevalent LD and TT treated cases was 80 and 4 respectively. For the first quarter post shortage, 20 new patients started on LD and 34 patients started on TT. The average monthly prevalent treated cases were 49 and 21 respectively. Funding for the switch from LD to TT was requested in only 7 cases. Therefore, the total number of new and prevalent treated cases on either preferred therapy dropped post LD shortage. This decline worsened with each subsequent quarter and immediately returned to baseline when the shortage resolved. Drug procurement costs were lower during the period of shortage. Conclusions: Drug shortages have a significant impact on patients and providers. Even when appropriate substitutes are available, quality of care may be affected.

scholarly journals The impact of incorrect registration on survival rate of children with very rare tumors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Salasevicius ◽  
Giedre Rutkauskiene ◽  
Ieva Vincerzevskiene ◽  
Jelena Rascon
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Rare Tumors ◽  
Childhood Malignancies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Pediatric very rare tumors (VRTs) represent a heterogeneous subset of childhood malignancies, with reliable survival rate estimations depending dramatically on each (un)registered case. The current study aimed to evaluate the number of VRTs among Lithuanian children and the change in treatment outcome over the 16 year study period as well as to assess the impact of the registration status on survival estimation. Methods . We performed a population-based retrospective analysis across children below 18 years old diagnosed with VRTs in Lithuania between the years 2000 to 2015. The identified cases were then crosschecked with the Lithuanian Cancer Registry (a population-based epidemiology cancer registry) for the registration and survival status. A five year overall survival (OS 5y ) was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimation method. Results . Forty-four children affected by VRTs were identified within the defined time frame. Nine of them (20.5%) were not reported to the Lithuanian Cancer Registry at the time of diagnosis. The OS 5y of the entire cohort was 55.8%. The cure rate did not improve over the analyzed time periods – 54.2% in 2000-2007 vs 49.4% in 2008-2015. The OS 5y differed significantly between registered (n=35) and unregistered (n=9) cohorts: 45.1% vs 100%, respectively (p=0.016). The tumor progression was responsible for treatment failure in 95% of cases. Conclusions. The OS 5y of all analyzed children affected by VRT was lower as compared to the other childhood cancers. The survival rate of the unregistered patients was significantly superior that mislead interpretation of treatment outcome. Meticulous registration of VRTs is crucial for correct evaluation of treatment outcome, especially across small countries with fewer numbers of cases.

scholarly journals Bi-LSTM based deep learning method for 5G signal detection and channel estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-341
Author(s):  
D Venkata Ratnam ◽  
◽  
K Nageswara Rao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Channel Estimation ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
The Impact

<abstract> <p>The advanced neural network methods solve significant signal estimation and channel characterization difficulties in the next-generation 5G wireless communication systems. The number of transmitted signal copies received through multiple paths at the receiver leads to delay spread, which intern causes interference in communication. These adverse effects of the interference can be mitigated with the orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) technique. Furthermore, the proper signal detection methods optimal channel estimation enhances the performance of the multicarrier wireless communication system. In this paper, bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) based deep learning method is implemented to estimate the channel in different multipath scenarios. The impact of the pilots and cyclic prefix on the performance of Bi LSTM algorithm is analyzed. It is evident from the symbol-error rate (SER) results that the Bi-LSTM algorithm performs better than the state of art channel estimation methods known as the Minimum Mean Square and Error (MMSE) estimation method.</p> </abstract>

Understanding rider:horse bodyweight ratio trends, weight management practices and rider weight perceptions within leisure and amateur riders in the UK

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
C.L. Challinor ◽  
H. Randle ◽  
J.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Social Licence To Operate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

Horse riders in the UK have a legal responsibility for the welfare of the horses in their care, outlined by the Animal Welfare Act (2006). Understanding weight management factors that influence rider: horse bodyweight (RHBW) ratio is key to safeguarding horse welfare as human obesity rates increase. Recent high-profile incidents have seen riders being asked to dismount for being too heavy, demonstrating an awareness of the possible impact of excessive rider weight, threatening the equestrian industry’s social licence to operate. This study investigated RHBW trends within the UK leisure and amateur rider population to understand rider perception of ‘ideal’ RHBW and factors influencing rider and horse weight management. An online survey (SurveyMonkey®) was distributed via UK equine-related Facebook™ groups and collected information on horse and rider demographics, rider weight management strategies and respondents’ views on the importance of rider weight on horse welfare. Kruskal-Wallis analyses with Mann Whitney U post-hoc tests identified whether differences in respondent views differed between RHBW groups. A total of 971 riders completed the survey; respondents were aged between 18-65+ years old and 88% (n=953) were experienced riders. RHBWs were calculated for 764 (79%) of respondents as 21.2% (n=206) did not know either their own and/or their horses’ weight. Weight tapes (44.5%; n=432) and weigh bridges (29.5%; n=286) were common horse weight estimation methods. RHBWs ranged from 4.9% to 21.88%, mean: 12.5%±2.7%. Riders with lower RHBW thought about their own weight less and measured their horses’ weight less often than those with higher ratios (P<0.005, P<0.0004, respectively). The majority of riders who participated were weight conscious and recognised potential detrimental impacts associated with increased rider weight. Development of RHBW guidelines supported by equestrian governing bodies would highlight the need for riders to consider the impact of weight and support them in choosing suitable horses.

scholarly journals Review of the Estimation Methods of Energy Consumption for Battery Electric Buses

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7578
Author(s):  
Ali Saadon Al-Ogaili ◽  
Ali Q. Al-Shetwi ◽  
Hussein M. K. Al-Masri ◽  
Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu ◽  
Yap Hoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Bus Network ◽  
The Impact

In the transportation sector, electric battery bus (EBB) deployment is considered to be a potential solution to reduce global warming because no greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are directly produced by EBBs. In addition to the required charging infrastructure, estimating the energy consumption of buses has become a crucial precondition for the deployment and planning of electric bus fleets. Policy and decision-makers may not have the specific tools needed to estimate the energy consumption of a particular bus network. Therefore, many state-of-the-art studies have proposed models to determine the energy demand of electric buses. However, these studies have not critically reviewed, classified and discussed the challenges of the approaches that are applied to estimate EBBs’ energy demands. Thus, this manuscript provides a detailed review of the forecasting models used to estimate the energy consumption of EBBs. Furthermore, this work fills the gap by classifying the models for estimating EBBs’ energy consumption into small-town depot and big-city depot networks. In brief, this review explains and discusses the models and formulations of networks associated with well-to-wheel (WTW) assessment, which can determine the total energy demand of a bus network. This work also reviews a survey of the most recent optimization methods that could be applied to achieve the optimal pattern parameters of EBB fleet systems, such as the bus battery capacity, charger rated power and the total number of installed chargers in the charging station. This paper highlights the issues and challenges, such as the impact of external factors, replicating real-world data, big data analytics, validity index, and bus routes’ topography, with recommendations on each issue. Also, the paper proposes a generic framework based on optimization algorithms, namely, artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), which will be significant for future development in implementing new energy consumption estimation approaches. Finally, the main findings of this manuscript further our understanding of the determinants that contribute to managing the energy demand of EBBs networks.

A Comparative Analysis of Shipping Emissions Estimation Methodologies and their Applicability

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 3042-3047
Author(s):  
Wei Xiao ◽  
Qing Qi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship Movement

The shipping emissions estimation method is the premise and basis of making shipping emissions inventory, assessing the impact of shipping emissions, and promoting the work of energy saving and emissions reduction in transportation industry. The article analyzed the three main kinds of current representative shipping emissions estimation methods, i.e. simplified methodology and detailed methodology for estimating air pollutant emissions from ships presented by Techne Consulting, Tier1 and Tier2 methods from IPCC, and default approach, technology specific approach and ship movement methodology proposed by EMEP. Based on a comparative analysis of the characteristics of these estimation methods and their applicability, it was shown that: (1) the three kinds of methods from Techne Consulting, IPCC and EMEP are essentially the same, that is the emission equals to the product of the level of activities and emission factors, the difference lies in the level of detail of the activities are broken down; (2) the three shipping emissions calculation methods proposed by EMEP can be considered as the comprehensive and representative method, the default approach is a top-down method, and the technology specific approach and ship movement methodology are bottom-up approaches; (3) different methods have different applicability, the default approach proposed by EMEP is recommended to estimate CO2, SO2 emissions from shipping, and the technology specific approach and ship movement methodology are suitable for estimating the emissions of the other pollutants.

Robust Estimation Peculiarity of Robust Estimation Methods in Observations to Obey Generalized Gaussian Distribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 4380-4385
Author(s):  
Peng Fei Xing ◽  
Yong Hui Ge ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Robust Estimation ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Generalized Gaussian Distribution ◽  
The Impact

Robust estimation method in generalized Gaussian distribution of observations under obedience can effectively eliminate or reduce the influence of gross errors, however, peculiarity of different estimation methods are not the same. In this paper, it’s used simulation method, the commonly used 13 kinds of robust features robust estimation methods were compared. The results showed that: L1 method, Danish method, German-McClure method and IGGIII program is more efficient robust estimation methods in Observations to obey generalized gaussian distribution, which method is more effective than other commonly used to eliminate the impact of robust estimation of gross errors or weaken .

scholarly journals A Comparison of Estimation Methods for the Rasch Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Robitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Item Parameter ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Rasch Model

The Rasch model is one of the most prominent item response models. In this article, different item parameter estimation methods for the Rasch model are compared through a simulation study. The type of ability distribution, the number of items, and sample sizes were varied. It is shown that variants of joint maximum likelihood estimation and conditional likelihood estimation are competitive to marginal maximum likelihood estimation. However, efficiency losses of limited-information estimation methods are only modest. It can be concluded that in empirical studies using the Rasch model, the impact of the choice of an estimation method with respect to item parameters is almost negligible for most estimation methods. Interestingly, this sheds a somewhat more positive light on old-fashioned joint maximum likelihood and limited information estimation methods.

A Markley Variables-based Attitude Estimation Method Using Optical Flow and a Star Vector for Spinning Spacecraft

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1589-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Ning ◽  
Zonghe Ding ◽  
Mingzhu Xu ◽  
Jiancheng Fang ◽  
Gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Attitude Estimation ◽  
Spin Axis ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Star Sensor ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Sun Sensor ◽  
The Impact

Markley variables have advantages of slow variation, easy numerical integration and high precision in describing the attitude of spinning spacecraft. Previous attitude estimation methods based on Markley variables for spinning spacecraft usually employ a sun vector from the sun sensor, a magnetic vector from the magnetometer, or the angular rate from the gyro as the measurement. This paper proposes a Markley variables-based attitude estimation method using optical flow and a star vector from a star sensor as the measurement, where optical flow provides rate information and the star vector provides direction information. This method can estimate the direction of the spin axis and spin angular rate very well by using only one star sensor. In addition, the star sensor has higher accuracy than the traditional sun sensor and magnetometer, and the star sensor can also replace the gyro in case the gyro is out of action. The impact factors of this method are also analysed, which include spin angular rate, spin axis orientation and spacecraft moment of inertia tensor error.

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