scholarly journals Combustion of Flax Shives, Beech Wood, Pure Woody Pseudo-Components and Their Chars: A Thermal and Kinetic Study

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourelhouda Boukaous ◽  
Lokmane Abdelouahed ◽  
Mustapha Chikhi ◽  
Abdeslam-Hassen Meniai ◽  
Chetna Mohabeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Shives

Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to investigate the combustion characteristics of flax shives, beech wood, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and their chars. The chars were prepared from raw materials in a fixed-bed reactor at 850 °C. In this study, the thermal behavior based on characteristic temperatures (ignition, maximum, and final temperatures), burnout time and maximum rate was investigated. The kinetic parameters for the combustion of different materials were determined based on the Coats-Redfern approach. The results of our study revealed that the combustion of pure pseudo-components behaved differently from that of biomass. Indeed, principal component analysis showed that the thermal behavior of both biomasses was generally similar to that of pure hemicellulose. However, pure cellulose and lignin showed different behaviors compared to flax shives, beech wood, and hemicellulose. Hemicellulose and cellulose chars had almost the same behaviors, while being different from biomass and lignin chars. Despite the difference between flax shives and beech wood, they showed almost the same thermal characteristics and apparent activation energies. Also, the combustion of the hemicellulose and cellulose chars showed that they have almost the same structure. Their overall thermal and kinetic behavior remained between that of biomass and lignin.

scholarly journals Characterizaton of Thermochemical Conversion Processes in a Technical-Scale Fixed-Bed Reactor: Pyrolysis and Gasification

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Diéguez-Alonso ◽  
A. Anca-Couce ◽  
F. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Process Characterization

<p>Consolidated industrial application of biomass thermochemical conversion processes, such as pyrolysis and gasification, requires the development and application of control and optimization techniques. To this end, on-line process characterization, regarding mainly product distribution and composition under similar conditions as the ones encountered in industrial applications is needed. In the present study, slow pyrolysis and updraft gasification of thermally thick particles in a technical scale fixed-bed reactor are carried out under several process conditions. Different raw materials are used: pine wood chips, beech-wood spheres and cellulose. In pyrolysis, the increasing influence of transport phenomena in the conversion process due to the use of a technical-scale reactor and thermally thick wood particles is analysed through the temperature distribution inside the bed during the process together with the char properties characterization taken from four different positions inside the bed. The influence of process conditions, such as the N<sub>2</sub> flow rate, on the products composition and distribution is also analysed. In gasification, the influence of the air to fuel ratio on the product gas composition is characterized, as well as the qualitative evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) representative species in the volatiles vapours by applying laser-induced fluorescence (LIF).</p>

scholarly journals Proses Pembuatan Biofuel dengan Metode perengakahan Menggunakan Katalis Padat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Agus Budianto ◽  
Ayuni Rita Sari ◽  
Yohana Winda Monica ◽  
Erlinda Ningsih ◽  
Esthi Kusdarini
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Camelina Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cracking Process

<table class="NormalTable"><tbody><tr><td width="200"><span class="fontstyle0">The development of population growth causes of fuels need increasing. Because of<br />that reason, it necessary to create alternative fuels which are friendly to the<br />environment to meet the fuels need in society. Fossil fuel is a non-renewable fuel.<br />Biofuel as an alternative fuel can be taken as a solution to solve this problem. The<br />reviewd aim was to determine the effect of raw materials used on yield product and<br />the different effects of temperature and catalysts on the yield of special materials<br />(gasoline, diesel, kerosene) biofuel. Biofuel production started from the<br />preparation of raw materials, catalylic, and catalytic cracking process using a<br />fixed bed reactor. Raw materials greatly affected yield product. The highest yield<br />products were being gotten from RBDPS raw materials of 93.29%. Biofuel from<br />used cooking oil and concentration of red sludge catalyst of 15% produced the<br />highest biofuel with gasoline compound of 73.86% and kerosene compound of<br />26.14%. Biofuel from camelina oil with ZSM-5-Zn catalyst concentration of 30%<br />produced the highest gasoline yield of 75.65%.</span></td></tr></tbody></table>

scholarly journals Experimental studies of intermediate pyrolysis of woody and agricultural biomass in a fixed bed reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 00003
Author(s):  
Artur Bieniek ◽  
Wojciech Jerzak ◽  
Aneta Magdziarz
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Biomass pyrolysis is an advanced process which leads to obtaining products as chars, primary tars and gases. Depending on pyrolysis conditions and reactor construction, the pyrolysis could be divided into three categories: slow, intermediate and fast. This work concerns the experimental analysis of an intermediate pyrolysis of biomass residues in a fixed bed reactor. As raw materials, pine bark and wheat straw were selected. Experiments were carried out at three temperatures: 400, 500 and 600 °C under constant volume flow rate of inert gas equal to 100 ml/min. Biomass samples were kept for 150 seconds in the hot zone. The main goal was to compare yields, elemental composition, and calorific values of received products under studied process conditions. The ultimate analysis of chars and organic fractions of oils was performed. Obtained results from ultimate analysis allowed to determine higher heating values by a theoretical correlation. The products of pyrolysis obtained at 600 °C characterized by the most energetic parameters. The higher heating value for organic fraction of tars was 31.62 MJ/kg while for char was 29.47 MJ/kg.

Kinetic Study of Various Chars Steam Gasification

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Paviet ◽  
Olivier Bals ◽  
Gérard Antonini
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Kinetic Expression ◽  
Gasification Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

Gasification is an attractive technology for waste thermal treatment. The successful design and modelling of a gasifier requires reliable kinetic data. The purpose of this work is to study the steam gasification kinetics of chars produced by municipal wastes pyrolysis. The municipal solid wastes (MSW) are modelled as a mixture of four organic constituents: paper, wood, plastics, and vegetables. The various char samples are obtained by pyrolysis of each waste constituent, in a fixed bed reactor at 1000°C, in order to minimize their volatile content and thus, to eliminate any subsequent devolatilization of the carbonaceous residues. These chars are used as raw materials in steam gasification experiments. The gasification studies are performed on each char separately, in a tubular kiln at various temperatures (900°C, 950°C and 1000°C) and various vapour pressures (0.2 bar, 0.5 bar and 0.7 bar). The gases produced are analysed by gas chromatography in order to determine the gasification kinetics. The kinetics parameters, with respect to H2O, together with the influence of the char's physical properties are experimentally determined. A kinetic expression for the gasification reaction, based on the random pore model is deduced. It is shown that the char resulting from the pyrolysis of MSW constituents, essentially paper, wood and vegetables have the same gasification kinetics. On the contrary, the plastic char steam gasification kinetic appears to be significantly slower.

scholarly journals Looking beyond chemistry – XRD for exploration and processing of ores

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C952-C952
Author(s):  
Uwe König ◽  
Martijn Fransen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ore Bodies ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
The Difference

Decreasing ore qualities and increasing prices for raw materials require a better control of processed ore and a more efficient use of energy. Traditionally quality control in mining industries has relied on time consuming wet chemistry or the analysis of the elemental composition. The mineralogy that defines the physical properties is often monitored infrequently, if at all. The use of high speed detectors has turned X-ray diffraction (XRD) into an important tool for fast and accurate process control. XRD data and their interpretation do make the difference in the identification of minerals, in describing their distribution in ore bodies and in their beneficiation during processing. The use of modern techniques such Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or full pattern Rietveld quantification will be discussed during the presentation as well as the importance of adequate sampling and the correlation with sample chemistry. The practical use will be illustrated on case studies.

Insights into pyrolysis of waste tire in fixed bed reactor: Thermal behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzuhairy Ab. Taleb ◽  
Hamidah Abd Hamid ◽  
Raja Razuan Raja Deris ◽  
Muzafar Zulkifli ◽  
Nor Afifah Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Waste Tire

Research on Synthesis of Hexafluoropropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
Jian Zhao Qin ◽  
Fang Fang Shan ◽  
Yao Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Reaction ◽  
Group Metal ◽  
Sedimentation Method ◽  
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide

The synthesis of hexafluoropropylene oxide in fixed-bed reactor using HFP as raw materials and molecular oxygen as oxidant is studied in the present paper. The selectivity of HFPO on the Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation can get 41.8%. The influence of the Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalyst modified by impregnation-sedimentation method and first group metal salts on synthesis reaction was investigated, as well as process conditions.

Respiration rate measurement in a submerged fixed bed reactor

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carrión, ◽  
A. Asaff ◽  
F. Thalasso
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Respiration Rate Measurement

A novel method is presented to measure the overall biofilm respiration rate in a submerged fixed bed reactor. The method, named “double gassing-out” is based on the measurement of the oxygen uptake rate under two different conditions: (i) replacing the air flow rate by nitrogen in the biological reactor, ensuring the conservation of the same hydraulic conditions and (ii) measuring the oxygen displacement rate by nitrogen in an identical reactor design with no microorganisms. The difference between these measurements gives the overall biofilm respiration rate. Results obtained in a nitrifying fixed bed reactor are presented, compared to classical techniques and discussed.

scholarly journals Thermal Degradation of Cassava Rhizome in Thermosyphon-Fixed Bed Torrefaction Reactor

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitipong Soponpongpipat ◽  
Suwat Nanetoe ◽  
Paisan Comsawang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Decomposition Behavior ◽  
Purge Gas

A thermosyphon-fixed bed reactor was designed and constructed to investigate the temperature distribution of the cassava rhizome and its decomposition behavior. To study the properties of torrefied char obtained from this reactor, cassava rhizome was torrefied in five different configurations, including the thermosyphon-fixed bed reactor, a laboratory reactor in compact bulk arrangement with N2 as the purge gas and without any purge gas, and another one in a hollow bulk arrangement with and without purge gas. It was found that the use of thermosyphons with a fixed bed reactor improved the uniform temperature distribution. The average heating rate to the cassava rhizome bed was 1.40 °C/min, which was 2.59 times higher than that of the fixed bed reactor without thermosyphons. Compared to the other configurations, this reactor gave the highest higher heating value (HHV) and the lowest mass yield of 23.97 MJ/kg and 47.84%, respectively. The water vapor produced in this reactor played an autocatalyst role in the decomposition reaction. Finally, the thermosyphon-fixed bed reactor gave an energy yield in the range of 70.43% to 86.68%. The plot of the HHV ratio–mass yield diagram indicated the difference of torrefied char obtained from different reactors. The thermosyphon-fixed bed reactor produced torrefied biomass with the highest HHV ratio compared to that of other reactors at the same energy yield.

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