scholarly journals Numerical Simulations and Empirical Data for the Evaluation of Daylight Factors in Existing Buildings in Sweden

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Eriksson ◽  
Lovisa Waldenström ◽  
Max Tillberg ◽  
Magnus Österbring ◽  
Angela Sasic Kalagasidis
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Architectural Styles

Point Daylight Factor (DFP) has been used for daylighting design in Sweden for more than 40 years. Progressive densification of urban environments, in combination with stricter regulations on energy performance and indoor environmental quality of buildings, creates complex daylight design challenges that cannot be adequately solved with DFP. To support a development of the current and future daylight indicators in the Swedish context, the authors have developed a comprehensive methodology for the evaluation of daylight levels in existing buildings. The methodology comprises sample buildings of various use and their digital replicas in 3D, detailed numerical simulations and correlations of diverse DF metrics in existing buildings, a field investigation on residents’ satisfaction with available daylight levels in their homes, and a comparison between the numerical and experimental data. The study was deliberately limited to the evaluation of DF metrics for their intuitive understanding and easy evaluation in real design projects. The sample buildings represent typical architectural styles and building technologies between 1887 and 2013 in Gothenburg and include eight residential buildings, two office buildings, two schools, two student apartment buildings, and two hospitals. Although the simulated DFP is 1.4% on average, i.e., above the required 1%, large variations have been found between the studied 1200 rooms. The empirical data generally support the findings from the numerical simulations, but also bring unique insights in the residences’ preferences for rooms with good daylight. The most remarkable result is related to kitchens, typically the spaces with the lowest DF values, based on simulations, while the residents wish them to be the spaces with the most daylight. Finally, the work introduces a new DF metric, denoted DFW, which allows daylighting design in early stages when only limited data on the building shape and windows’ arrangement are available.

Impact of Shape on Building Energy Use in Tunisia

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kais Ouertani ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Relative Compactness ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Building Form ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of the architectural form on the energy performance of residential buildings in Tunisia. A relative compactness is defined as one indicator of a building shape. The results of the analysis indicate that a significant decrease in heating and cooling energy requirements can be obtained by minimizing the relative compactness of detached residential houses. A simplified analysis tool, suitable for early design process, is developed to assess the impact of building form on its energy performance for several cities in Tunisia.

Determination of Energy Performance of Residential Buildings as a Tool for Public Economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-221
Author(s):  
Jan Fuka ◽  
Robert Baťa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Subsequent Determination

This chapter provides methodology for setting energy performance of residential buildings in European region and estimation of difference in energy performance as a tool for managers in public sector. The study deals with how to estimate energy performance for areas, where, due to its size, it is not possible to get technical parameters of particular buildings when data for setting energy performance are not or partially available and often inconsistent. Practical use of methodology is in providing essential data for subsequent determination of investment intensity of retrofit of buildings for the needs of public sector. It researches potential effects of retrofitting of all existing houses in the passive standard in region on overall improving of its energy performance. Final value represents maximum possible performance assuming all existing buildings corresponded to passive standard. This methodology can be generalized and used as tool for decision-making on energy performance at regional level in environment of insufficient data.

scholarly journals ALDREN: A Methodological Framework to Support Decision-Making and Investments in Deep Energy Renovation of Non-Residential Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Marta Maria Sesana ◽  
Graziano Salvalai ◽  
Diletta Brutti ◽  
Corinne Mandin ◽  
Wenjuan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
The Eu

Since 2002, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) has set up the path to improve the efficiency gains in the EU building sector, including measures that should accelerate the rate of building renovation towards more energy efficient systems. Under the 2010 EPBD, all EU countries have established independent energy performance certification systems supported by independent mechanisms of control and verification. The EU directive 2018/844 has introduced different novelties and one of these regards the possibility for the Member States, together with the Long-Term Renovation Strategies (LTRS), to introduce an optional Building Renovation Passport Article 2a.1(c), considered as an empowering document that gives more reliable and independent information on the potential for energy savings that is tied up in their buildings. On 14 October 2020, the European Commission launched its Communication and Strategy on the Renovation Wave initiative, intending to double the current Europe’s renovation rate to make the continent carbon neutral by 2050. However, current practices and tools of energy performance assessment and certification applied across Europe face several challenges. In this context, the ALDREN project is a methodological framework that aims to support decision-making and investment in deep energy renovation of nonresidential buildings, based on a set of procedures (modules) that consist in the step-by-step implementation of protocols to assess the energy performance, indoor environmental quality, and financial value of buildings, before and after the energy renovation. The paper presents the ALDREN overall procedure with a focus on the development of the Building Renovation Passport and its application to an Italian office building.

scholarly journals Low-Energy Architecture for Sustainable Neighborhoods

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Valeria Todeschi ◽  
Simone Beltramino ◽  
Bernadette El Jamous ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Olympic Village

Nowadays, energy consumption in buildings is one of the fundamental drivers to control greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact. In fact, the air quality of urban environments can cause two main phenomena in metropolitan areas: urban heat island and climate changes. The aim of this work is to showcase how different building variables can impact the residential building’s space heating and cooling energy consumption. Buildings energy-related variables can be fundamental viewpoints to improve the energy performance of neighborhoods, especially in future urban planning. This work examines four neighborhoods in the city of Turin (IT): Arquata, Crocetta, Sacchi, and Olympic Village characterized by different morphologies and building typologies. In each neighborhood, residential building was grouped according to orientations and construction periods. A sensitivity analysis was applied by analysing six building variables: infiltration rate, window-to-wall ratio, and windows, walls, roofs, and floor thermal transmittances. The energy consumption for space heating and cooling of residential buildings and local climate conditions were investigated using CitySim Pro tool and ENVI-met. The challenge of this work is to identify the building variables that most influence energy consumption and to understand how to promote high-energy efficiency neighborhoods: the goal is to identify the “ideal” urban form with low consumption and good comfort conditions in outdoor urban environments. The results of this work show a significant connection between the energy consumption and the six analyzed building variables; however, this relationship also depends on the shape and orientation of the neighborhood.

scholarly journals Bridging the energy gap of India’s residential buildings by using rooftop solar PV systems for higher energy stars

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432
Author(s):  
Rakesh Dalal ◽  
Kamal Bansal ◽  
Sapan Thapar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Rooftop Solar

Abstract The residential-building sector in India consumes >25% of the total electricity and is the third-largest consumer of electricity; consumption increased by 26% between 2014 and 2017. India has introduced a star-labelling programme for residential buildings that is applicable for all single- and multiple-dwelling units in the country for residential purposes. The Energy Performance Index (EPI) of a building (annual energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per square metre of the building) is taken as an indicator for awarding the star label for residential buildings. For gauging the EPI status of existing buildings, the electricity consumption of residential buildings (in kWh/m2/year) is established through a case study of the residential society. Two years of electricity bills are collected for an Indian residential society located in Palam, Delhi, analysed and benchmarked with the Indian residential star-labelling programme. A wide EPI gap is observed for existing buildings for five-star energy labels. Based on existing electricity tariffs, the energy consumption of residential consumers and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)’s proposed building ENERGY STAR labelling, a grid-integrated rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system is considered for achieving a higher star label. This research study establishes the potential of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems for residential buildings in Indian cities through a case study of Delhi. Techno-economic analysis of a grid-integrated 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant is analysed by using RETScreen software. The study establishes that an additional two stars can be achieved by existing buildings by using a grid-integrated rooftop solar PV plant. Payback for retrofit of a 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant for Indian cites varies from 3 to 7 years. A case study in Delhi, India establishes the potential of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems for residential buildings. Techno-economic analysis of grid integrated, 3 kWp rooftop solar systems estimates a payback period from 3 to 7 years.

scholarly journals IEQ Field Investigation in High-Performance, Urban Elementary Schools

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Oldham ◽  
Hyojin Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Conventional School ◽  
High Performance Design

School buildings are one of the most commonly occupied building types for children, second only to their homes. Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is an ongoing issue in schools, especially in urban environments where students are exposed to higher levels of outdoor pollutants. To examine this issue, five elementary school buildings located in a major city on the East Coast of the United States were selected for one-week of quantitative IEQ measurements, with a satisfaction survey collected from teachers at the selected schools. The schools included three high-performance schools, one recently renovated school, and one conventional school. Despite building designers and operators following the recommendations of current high-performance design standards, the three high-performance school buildings did not have measurably better IEQ than the renovated and conventional school buildings, nor were they perceived as better based on the satisfaction survey. This indicates that current high-performance design standards may not place enough emphasis on reducing health-related pollutants in urban schools.

scholarly journals Identification of the Retrofit Actions to Achieve Cost-Optimal and NZEB Levels for Residential Buildings in Istanbul Considering the Remaining Building Lifetime

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Neşe Ganiç Sağlam ◽  
A. Zerrin Yılmaz ◽  
Stefano P. Corgnati
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
New Construction

Cost-optimal and nearly-zero energy building (NZEB) levels are two interrelated concepts identified for upgrading energy performance of buildings in Europe. In parallel, many research activities on retrofitting existing buildings in Turkey follow the methodology framework introduced by the European Commission. However, in Turkey, there is a process called “urban transformation” due to the earthquake risk, but the practice is based on new construction after demolishment of existing buildings. Especially in Istanbul, this process has been conducted rapidly. This specific aspect requires assessment of cost-optimal retrofit analyses considering the remaining lifespan of analysed buildings. This study presents a cost-optimality assessment method for retrofitting towards NZEB in Turkey. The method integrates payback period and investment cost assessment to the methodology in order to obtain whole picture for retrofit alternatives. In the paper, suggested method is applied to a reference residential building in Istanbul. After the initial cost-optimal analyses, payback periods and initial investment costs for selected retrofit packages are assessed considering the future lifespan of the building. Together with these, possible subsidy opportunities are also investigated. Results show that, if the expected future lifespan is higher than 10 years, retrofit actions achieving 56.2kWh/m2y primary energy consumption level are considerable. Subsidies are beneficial to obtain reasonable initial investment costs.

scholarly journals Impact of a building shape factor on space cooling energy performance in the green roof concept implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Stamenkovic ◽  
Mirjana Miletic ◽  
Saja Kosanovic ◽  
Goran Vuckovic ◽  
Srdjan Glisovic
Keyword(s):  
Shape Factor ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Space Cooling

The reduction of energy demand for space cooling requires adequate solutions at building and built environment scales in order to achieve sustainability goals. Since many existing buildings have inadequate envelopes for reducing heat gains in summer and heat losses in winter, environmentally friendly renovation techniques have to be considered. The roofs of existing buildings were identified as a field of intervention which could contribute to providing both energy savings and environmental benefits. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the contribution of green roofs to energy savings for space cooling depending on the building shape factor. Two groups of building models, with vertical and horizontal expansions, were analysed. The comparative analyses of the building models with conventional and green roofs showed small reduction of energy consumption less than 1% in case of well-insulated roofs with the addition of the extensive green roof. The comparison of different building models with green roofs of the same volume, which is in this case the same cooling area, indicated a more effective solution for green roofs implementation with the aim to improve energy performances of existing buildings using this passive design technique.

scholarly journals The Energy Performance Gap in Swiss residential buildings: a roadmap for improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012143
Author(s):  
Stefano Cozza ◽  
Jonathan Chambers ◽  
Martin K. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theoretical Energy Consumption

Abstract This work deals with the Energy Performance Gap (EPG) in buildings, defined as the difference between actual and theoretical energy consumption. This paper investigates how to close the EPG of existing buildings in Switzerland, by which measures, until when, and at which costs. To address these questions an extensive literature review was conducted combined with qualitative interviews in order to better understand practitioners’ experience and to support the findings from the literature. Several approaches have been found to reduce the EPG. These include both measures to make the building consume as expected and to arrive at a more accurate calculation of the theoretical consumption. We highlight the most relevant solutions for the Swiss context.

scholarly journals Estimation of Energy Efficiency Class Limits for Multi-Family Residential Buildings in Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6234
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kwiatkowski ◽  
Joanna Rucińska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Energy Needs

The need to achieve energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission decreases within the building sector requires the implementation of a supportive legal framework. To fulfil this requirement, a building certification system must be developed that is easily understandable for end users. In Poland, assessments of the energy performance of buildings are based on primary energy indicator verification. However, this parameter is difficult to understand for building owners or for tenants. Therefore, in this study, energy efficiency class limits and a heating indicator for energy needs indicator have been estimated for multi-family buildings in Poland. To achieve this purpose, a reference building was used and 180 calculation variants were developed, which considered the following variables: 3 types of climate data, 4 values of building shape ratios, 3 types of ventilation, 3 thermal transmittance standards and 3 windows area ratios to the external wall. The results showed that the greatest influences on the need for energy used for heating were the type of ventilation used and the local climate. This study shows that the methodology used is adequate for energy efficiency class limits estimations involving multi-family buildings in Poland.

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