scholarly journals Effect of Hafnium Addition on the Hydrogenation Process of TiFe Alloy

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volatiana Razafindramanana ◽  
Stéphane Gorsse ◽  
Jacques Huot ◽  
Jean Louis Bobet
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plateau Pressure ◽  
Hydrogenation Process ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Hydrogen Capacity ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Cast Alloys ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Positive Effect

The alloy TiFe has interesting hydrogen storage properties for practical applications: low cost, operation at room temperature, and good hydrogen capacity. However, the first hydrogenation is difficult and increases the cost of the alloy. In this work, we studied the effect of adding hafnium to TiFe in order to enhance the first hydrogenation process. TiFe + x Hf alloys, with x = 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wt.%, were synthesized by arc melting. The microstructure of the as-cast alloys was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. These alloys consisted of B2-TiFe, C14-Laves, and BCC (Body Centered Cubic) phases. A minimum of 8 wt.% of hafnium is required to obtain an enhancement of the first hydrogenation. In the first hydrogenation, the material reaches its maximal hydrogen capacity in less than two hours at room temperature and under 20 bars of hydrogen. Hafnium addition also had the effect of lowering the plateau pressure in the pressure-composition isotherm. It could be concluded that hafnium has a positive effect on the activation properties of TiFe.

Replacement of Vanadium by Ferrovanadium in Ti-Based BCC Alloys for Hydrogen Storage

2011 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Tousignant ◽  
Jacques Huot
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Cast State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Hydrogen Capacity ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Positive Effect

Ti-based BCC solid solutions are promising hydrogen storage applications. Unfortunately, the application of these alloys in large scale is hindered by the high cost of vanadium. The solution of this problem may be to replace vanadium by ferro-vanadium (FeV). Here, we report our recent investigation of compositions TiV1-xMn1+x and Ti(FeV)1-xMn1+x where x = -0.2, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2. Each composition was synthesized by arc melting. No subsequent heat treatment was performed. The alloys’ crystal structure in as-cast state and after hydrogenation was inspected by X-ray powder diffraction. We found that replacement of vanadium by ferrovanadium had the positive effect of destabilization of the hydride which makes it more useful for practical applications. Also even if the total hydrogen capacity was reduced, the reversible capacity could be improved. We found that replacement of vanadium by ferrovanadium drastically change the crystal structure of hydrogenated compounds.

scholarly journals Longevity of Raw and Lyophilized Crude Urease Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Neda Javadi ◽  
Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei ◽  
Nasser Hamdan ◽  
Edward Kavazanjian
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

The stability (longevity of activity) of three crude urease extracts was evaluated in a laboratory study as part of an effort to reduce the cost of urease for applications that do not require high purity enzyme. A low-cost, stable source of urease will greatly facilitate engineering applications of urease such as biocementation of soil. Inexpensive crude extracts of urease have been shown to be effective at hydrolyzing urea for carbonate precipitation. However, some studies have suggested that the activity of a crude extract may decrease with time, limiting the potential for its mass production for commercial applications. The stability of crude urease extracts shown to be effective for biocementation was studied. The crude extracts were obtained from jack beans via a simple extraction process, stored at room temperature and at 4 ℃, and periodically tested to evaluate their stability. To facilitate storage and transportation of the extracted enzyme, the longevity of the enzyme following freeze drying (lyophilization) to reduce the crude extract to a powder and subsequent re-hydration into an aqueous solution was evaluated. In an attempt to improve the shelf life of the lyophilized extract, dextran and sucrose were added during lyophilization. The stability of purified commercial urease following rehydration was also investigated. Results of the laboratory tests showed that the lyophilized crude extract maintained its activity during storage more effectively than either the crude extract solution or the rehydrated commercial urease. While incorporating 2% dextran (w/v) prior to lyophilization of the crude extract increased the overall enzymatic activity, it did not enhance the stability of the urease during storage.

scholarly journals Efficiency of using flour from hydrobionts of different cooking technologies in the diet of rain-bow trout

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Sergeevich Vasiliev ◽  
Sergey Petrovich Moskalenko ◽  
Irina Vasilievna Poddubnaya ◽  
Olga Evgenievna Vilutis
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Protein Feed ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

The introduction of high-protein feed from crustacean processing products in the form of flour into the composition of the rainbow trout compound feed has a positive effect on the growth of fish live weight, reduces feed costs, does not change the biochemical composition of the blood, changes the chemical composition of muscle tissue, improves the amino acid rate in the 1st experimental group. Due to the relatively low cost in comparison with fish meal, the use of crayfish meal makes the cost of compound feed cheaper and increases the economic effect of growing rainbow trout.

Infrared Switching of Self-Heating VO2/ITO Films for Smart Window

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Zheng Jing Zhao ◽  
Dong Lai Li ◽  
Jing Bo Li ◽  
Yong Jie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Short Time

The unique metal to insulator transition (MIT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes it receiving extensive attention in the application of smart window. As for VO2-based smart window, the critical transition temperature (Tc) is required to be reduced to near room temperature for practical applications. In this paper, we fabricated VO2 films on ITO glass by hydrothermal method and applied voltage to ITO, therefore, the joule heat generated by ITO triggered the complete MIT of VO2 at room temperature in very short time ~3 s with applied voltage of 12 V. The VO2 film on ITO substrate shows obviously widened hysteresis behavior in the reversible transition process with a thermal hysteresis width of ~33 °C. The widened hysteresis loop makes it possible to stabilize the rutile phase (R) of VO2 at room temperature via applying a low holding voltage of 6 V. The proposed VO2/ITO film exhibits promising application in active smart window, and possesses advantages of simple structure, easy-fabricated and low-cost.

Ergonomic evaluation of low-cost intervention for carpet trimming workers exposed to hand vibration and noise

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Singh ◽  
Makkhan Lal Meena ◽  
Himanshu Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of the study was to investigate the occupational use of low-cost intervention for carpet trimming occupation. This study quantifies the effect of hand-arm vibration and noise exposure to loss in hearing threshold among trimming workers. Ten male participants (right handed) involved in carpet trimming volunteered to participate in this interventional experiment. The participants were queried about the usability of prototype handle based on their subjective perception evaluated through the use of scoresheet/questionnaire. Results demonstrated that the handle intervention reduced the total value of root mean square frequency-weighted vibrations by more than 40% when compared with the conventional handle. The workers were exposed to noise levels ranging from 87.2 to 91.8 dB(A) (mean 89.55 dB(A)). They exhibit mild-to-moderate hearing impairment in the frequency range of 3000–6000 Hz. Based on this preliminary work, we have found that prototype handle was effective in curtailing hand-arm vibration. The prototype handle showed a positive effect on the usability ratings. More practical applications should be explored to prevail the combined effect of hand-arm vibration and noise.

Sulfur-Biological Carbon for Long-Life Room-Temperature Sodium-Sulfur Battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Jianbing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Shuttle Effect ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sodium Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sodium Sulfur

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT-Na/S) batteries are gaining much attention particularly in large-scale energy storage due to high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, low conductivity and volume expansion of sulfur, as well as severe shuttle effect of soluble sodium polysulfides largely hamper their practical applications. Herein, we report an architecture of sulfur embedded in biological carbon (SBC) as cathode for RT-Na/S batteries. The SBC with N, P co-doping biological carbon and hierarchically porous structure afford fast electron and ion transportation, as well as good mechanical limitation of volume expansion and shuttle effect, therefore achieving excellent cyclic stability (544.7 mAh · g–1 at current density of 200 mA · g –1 after 984 cycles).

scholarly journals Study of hydrogen storage of the TiFe alloy by neutron powderdiffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1767-C1767
Author(s):  
Catherine Gosselin ◽  
Jacques Huot ◽  
Roxana Flacau
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sorption Property ◽  
Metal Hydrides ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Applications

Metal hydrides are interesting materials from a fundamental as well as practical point of view. Hydrogen storage applications have been the main driving force of research on these materials but lately, uses such as thermal storage are considered. In this presentation, we will review the use of neutron diffraction for the development of new metal hydrides. A good candidate for hydrogen storage applications is the low cost intermetallic compound TiFe which operates near room temperature (RT) under mild pressure conditions. However, the biggest disadvantage of TiFe alloy synthesized by conventional metallurgical method is it poor activation characteristics [1]. The alloy reacts with hydrogen only after complicated activation procedure involving exposure to high temperature (~4000C) and high pressure for several days. In the '90, some researches showed that the change in the nanocristallinity can modify the sorption property of the TiFe[2]. Other research works found that palladium increase the contaminant resistance. However, addition of palladium is too expansive for practical applications [3]. Recently, we found that, when doping TiFe with Zr and Zr7Ni10, the activation could be easily done at room temperature. We present here a neutron diffraction study of these compounds that shows the structural difference between the activated compound and the one cycled under hydrogen.

scholarly journals Optimised CO2-containing medium for in vitro culture and transportation of mouse preimplantation embryos without CO2 incubator

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260645
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Kikuchi ◽  
Sayaka Wakayama ◽  
Daiyu Ito ◽  
Masatoshi Ooga ◽  
Teruhiko Wakayama
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mouse Embryo Culture

Conventional in vitro culture and manipulation of mouse embryos require a CO2 incubator, which not only increases the cost of performing experiments but also hampers the transport of embryos to the other laboratories. In this study, we established and tested a new CO2 incubator-free embryo culture system and transported embryos using this system. Using an Anaero pouch, which is a CO2 gas-generating agent, to increase the CO2 partial pressure of CZB medium to 4%–5%, 2-cell embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage in a sealed tube without a CO2 incubator at 37°C. Further, the developmental rate to blastocyst and full-term development after embryo transfer were comparable with those of usual culture method using a CO2 incubator (blastocyst rate: 97% versus 95%, respectively; offspring rate: 30% versus 35%, respectively). Furthermore, using a thermal bottle, embryos were reliably cultured using this system for up to 2 days at room temperature, and live offspring were obtained from embryos transported in this simple and very low-cost manner without reducing the offspring rate (thermal bottle: 26.2% versus CO2 incubator: 34.3%). This study demonstrates that CO2 incubators are not essential for embryo culture and transportation and that this system provides a useful, low-cost alternative for mouse embryo culture and manipulation.

Characterization of intergranular cuprous oxide in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-x

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Bradley L. Thiel ◽  
Chan Han R. P. ◽  
Kurosky L. C. Hutter ◽  
I. A. Aksay ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Transition Width ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Superconducting Oxides

The identification of extraneous phases is important in understanding of high Tc superconducting oxides. The spectroscopic techniques commonly used in determining the origin of superconductivity (such as RAMAN, XPS, AES, and EXAFS) are surface-sensitive. Hence a grain boundary phase several nanometers thick could produce irrelevant spectroscopic results and cause erroneous conclusions. The intergranular phases present a major technological consideration for practical applications. In this communication we report the identification of a Cu2O grain boundary phase which forms during the sintering of YBa2Cu3O7-x (1:2:3 compound).Samples are prepared using a mixture of Y2O3. CuO, and BaO2 powders dispersed in ethanol for complete mixing. The pellets pressed at 20,000 psi are heated to 950°C at a rate of 5°C per min, held for 1 hr, and cooled at 1°C per min to room temperature. The samples show a Tc of 91K with a transition width of 2K. In order to prevent damage, a low temperature stage is used in milling to prepare thin foils which are then observed, using a liquid nitrogen holder, in a Philips 430T at 300 kV.

ALCHEMI of B2-Ordered Fe50Al45Me5 alloys

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Ian M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Iron Aluminide ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Alloying Additions ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
The Matrix

B2-ordered iron aluminide intermetallic alloys exhibit a combination of attractive properties such as low density and good corrosion resistance. However, the practical applications of these alloys are limited by their poor fracture toughness and low room temperature ductility. One current strategy for overcoming these undesirable properties is to attempt to modify the basic chemistry of the materials with alloying additions. These changes in the chemistry of the material cannot be fully understood without a knowledge of the site-distribution of the alloying elements. In this paper, the site-distributions of a series of 3d-transition metal alloying additions in B2-ordered iron aluminides are studied with ALCHEMI.A series of seven alloys of stoichiometry Fe50AL45Me5, with Me = {Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu}, were prepared with identical heating cycles. Microalloying additions of 0.2% B and 0.1% Zr were also incorporated to strengthen the grain boundaries, but these alloying additions have little influence on the matrix chemistry and are incidental to this study.

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