Towards the Development of Syngas/Biomethane Electrolytic Production, Using Liquefied Biomass and Heterogeneous Catalyst

This paper presents results on the research currently being carried out with the objective of developing new electrochemistry-based processes to produce renewable synthetic fuels from liquefied biomass. In the current research line, the gas mixtures obtained from the typical electrolysis are not separated into their components but rather are introduced into a reactor together with liquefied biomass, at atmospheric pressure and different temperatures, under acidified zeolite Y catalyst, to obtain synthesis gas. This gaseous mixture has several applications, like the production of synthetic 2nd generation biofuel (e. g., biomethane, biomethanol, bio-dimethyl ether, formic acid, etc.). The behaviour of operational parameters such as biomass content, temperature and the use of different amounts of acidified zeolite HY catalyst were investigated. In the performed tests, it was found that, in addition to the synthesis gas (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide), methane was also obtained. Therefore, this research is quite promising, and the most favourable results were obtained by carrying out the biomass test at 300 °C, together with 4% of acidified zeolite Y catalyst, which gives a methane volumetric concentration equal to 35%.

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Behavior of a smart one-way micro-valve considering fluid–structure interaction

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x18803445 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (20) ◽

pp. 3960-3971 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H Mazaheri ◽

AH Namdar ◽

A Amiri

Keyword(s):

Interaction Effect ◽

Fluid Structure Interaction ◽

Pressure Head ◽

Soft Materials ◽

Crosslinking Density ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Sensors And Actuators ◽

Fluid Structure ◽

Structure Interaction ◽

Different Temperatures

Smart hydrogels are soft materials which can be applied in sensors and actuators especially in microfluidics in which the fluid–structure interaction is important. In this work, first, the behavior of a one-way hydrogel micro-valve is investigated by considering the fluid–structure interaction effect for a specified geometry of the micro-valve. Second, both the fluid–structure interaction and non-fluid–structure interaction simulations are conducted to study the fluid flow effect on the operational parameters of the micro-valve. The obtained results show that the fluid–structure interaction effects are important and have a considerable influence on the micro-valve parameters especially on its closing temperature. Thereafter, a precise study on the micro-valve is executed by considering the micro-valve operational parameters such as inlet pressure, head size, crosslinking density, and breaking pressure at different temperatures. The results show the importance of considering the fluid–structure interaction effect in the design of these devices.

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Thermal Conductivities of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Mixtures with Water: Measurement and Estimation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25173816 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (17) ◽

pp. 3816

Author(s):

Taleb H. Ibrahim ◽

Muhammad A. Sabri ◽

Nabil Abdel Jabbar ◽

Paul Nancarrow ◽

Farouq S. Mjalli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Standard Uncertainty ◽

Heat Transfer Fluids ◽

Wide Range ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Experimental Values ◽

Water Measurement ◽

Thermal Conductivities

The thermal conductivities of selected deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were determined using the modified transient plane source (MTPS) method over the temperature range from 295 K to 363 K at atmospheric pressure. The results were found to range from 0.198 W·m−1·K−1 to 0.250 W·m−1·K−1. Various empirical and thermodynamic correlations present in literature, including the group contribution method and mixing correlations, were used to model the thermal conductivities of these DES at different temperatures. The predictions of these correlations were compared and consolidated with the reported experimental values. In addition, the thermal conductivities of DES mixtures with water over a wide range of compositions at 298 K and atmospheric pressure were measured. The standard uncertainty in thermal conductivity was estimated to be less than ± 0.001 W·m−1·K−1 and ± 0.05 K in temperature. The results indicated that DES have significant potential for use as heat transfer fluids.

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Molecular Interactions Investigation of L-Histidine in Water and in Aqueous Citric Acid at Different Temperatures Using Volumetric and Acoustic Methods

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2017-0977 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 232 (3) ◽

pp. 393-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dinesh Kumar ◽

Shashi Kant Sharma

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Molar Volume ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Apparent Molar Volume ◽

Adiabatic Compressibility ◽

Acid Solutions ◽

Solvent Interactions ◽

Intermolecular Free Length ◽

Acoustic Methods ◽

Different Temperatures

AbstractDensities,ρand ultrasonic speeds, u of L-histidine (0.02–0.12 mol·kg−1) in water and 0.1 mol·kg−1aqueous citric acid solutions were measured over the temperature range (298.15–313.15) K with interval of 5 K at atmospheric pressure. From these experimental data apparent molar volume ΦV, limiting apparent molar volume ΦVOand the slopeSV, partial molar expansibilities ΦEO, Hepler’s constant, adiabatic compressibilityβ, transfer volume ΦV, trO, intermolecular free length (Lf), specific acoustic impedance (Z) and molar compressibility (W) were calculated. The results are interpreted in terms of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions in these systems. It has also been observed that L-histidine act as structure maker in water and aqueous citric acid.

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Solar Flash Desalination Under Hydrostatically Sustained Vacuum

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.3142724 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 131 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mohammad Abutayeh ◽

D. Yogi Goswami

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Saline Water ◽

Ground Level ◽

Water Tank ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Detailed Model ◽

Theoretical Simulation ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Fundamental Physical ◽

Chamber Size

A new desalination scheme has been proposed. The system consists of a saline water tank, a concentrated brine tank, and a fresh water tank placed on ground level plus an evaporator and a condenser located several meters above the ground. The evaporator-condenser assembly, or flash chamber, is initially filled with saline water that later drops by gravity, creating a vacuum above the water surface in the unit without a vacuum pump. The vacuum is maintained by the internal hydrostatic pressure balanced by the atmospheric pressure. The ground tanks are open to the atmosphere, while the flash chamber is insulated and sealed to retain both heat and vacuum. A theoretical simulation of the proposed model was carried out using a detailed model built by employing the fundamental physical and thermodynamic relationships to describe the process and was complimented by reliable empirical correlations to estimate the physical properties of the involved species and the operational parameters of the proposed system. The simulation results show that running the system at higher flash temperatures with a fixed flash chamber size will result in faster vacuum erosion leading to less overall evaporation.

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