scholarly journals Effects of Forces, Particle Sizes, and Moisture Contents on Mechanical Behaviour of Densified Briquettes from Ground Sunflower Stalks and Hazelnut Husks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2542
Author(s):  
Cimen Demirel ◽  
Gürkan Alp Kağan Gürdil ◽  
Abraham Kabutey ◽  
David Herak
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Multivariate Tests ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Hazelnut Husk ◽  
Sunflower Stalks ◽  
Volume Energy ◽  
Biomass Materials

Using the uniaxial compression process, the mechanical behaviour of densified briquettes from ground sunflower stalks and hazelnut husks was studied under different forces (100, 200, 300, and 400 kN), particle sizes (0, 3, 6, and 10 mm), and moisture contents (sunflower; 11.23%, 14.44%, and 16.89% w.b.) and (hazelnut; 12.64%, 14.83%, and 17.34% w.b.) at a constant speed of 5 mm min−1. For each test, the biomass material was compacted at a constant volume of 28.27 × 10−5 m3 using a 60 mm-diameter vessel. Determined parameters included densification energy (J), hardness (kN·mm−1), analytical densification energy (J), briquette volume (m3), bulk density of materials (kg·m−3), briquette bulk density (kg·m−3), and briquette volume energy (J·m−3). The ANOVA multivariate tests of significance results showed that for ground sunflower stalk briquettes, the force and particle size interactions had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the above-mentioned parameters compared to the categorical factors, which had a significant effect (p < 0.05) similar to the effects of forces, moisture contents, and their interactions. For ground hazelnut husk briquettes, all the factors and their interactions had a significant effect on the determined parameters. These biomass materials could be attractive for the briquette market.

scholarly journals Impact of torrefaction technique on the moisture contents, bulk density and calorific value of briquetted biomass

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Azam Saeed ◽  
Syed Waqas Ahmad ◽  
Mohsin Kazmi ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin ◽  
Nadeem Feroze
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Moisture Contents

Abstract The concept of different compositional biomass is introduced to enhance the binding properties and utilize the use of different seasonal biomasses. The effect of densification on the heating values of single pure and mixed compositional biomasses is observed with and without applying special type of pretreatment named as ‘Torrefaction’. The moisture contents and bulk densities were also calculated for these briquettes. The effects of average moisture contents and bulk density (which show the swelling nature) on the heating values are also observed. The experiments have been performed on the pelletizer equipment to form briquetted biomass and bomb calorimeter was used to determine the calorific values of different briquettes. Finally, the percentage decrease in the average moisture contents of different categories of torrefied briquettes from non-torrefied briquettes were also calculated and compared.

scholarly journals Draft Requirement of Two Animal - Drawn Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) Weeders

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Y. A. Unguwanrimi ◽  
A. M. Sada ◽  
G. N. Ugama ◽  
H. S. Garuba ◽  
A. Ugoani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Loam Soil

Draft requirements of two animal – drawn (IAR) weeders operating on loam soil were determined in the study. The implements include a straddle row weeder and an emcot attached rotary weeder evaluated under the same soil conditions, using a pair of white Fulani breed of oxen. The animal draft requirement was first estimated from the animal ergonomics measurements. Using area of 0.054 hectare as experimental plot for each implement the draft requirement of each implement was investigated after taking soil samples for soil moisture content and bulk density determinations. The implements tested showed variation in their average draft requirement. The straddle row weeder had the highest value of 338.15 N respectively while the emcot attached rotary weeder had the lowest value of 188.12 N with 47.03%, respectively. The average soil moisture contents and bulk density were 13.0% and 1.46%/cm3, respectively.

Effects of Moisture Content and Compaction Pressure on Bulk Density of Rye

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-494
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chiputula ◽  
Emmanuel Ajayi ◽  
Ray Bucklin ◽  
Ann R Blount
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
List Type ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Square Box

HighlightsRye grain compaction was measured for three different moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at five different compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa)Bulk densities were found to be statistically significantly dependent (p &lt; 0.0001) on both the moisture content and applied pressure.Compacted bulk densities increased with increasing applied pressure for all moisture contents.Abstract. Bulk density of agricultural grains is needed to determine the quantity of grain in storage structures and to calculate grain pressures. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of moisture content and applied pressure on bulk density of rye grain at moisture contents and pressures typical of those seen in storage structures. Rye compaction was measured for three moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) at four compaction pressures (7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa) using a square box (based on the design used by Thompson and Ross, 1983). Data from the compaction tests were used to calculate the bulk densities for the three moisture contents and four compaction pressures. The bulk densities were found to be significantly dependent (p &lt;0.0001) both on moisture contents and the pressure applied. Bulk densities varied with increasing moisture content as has been observed in similar studies for rye and other agricultural grains such as wheat and soybeans. These results provide guidance for estimating bulk density of rye in bins and other storage structures. Keywords: Grain compaction, Grain storage, Kernel rearrangement, Kernel elasticity.

Shrinkage, Porosity and Bulk Density of Foodstuffs at Changing Moisture Contents

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1497-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. LOZANO ◽  
E. ROTSTEIN ◽  
M. J. URBICAIN
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Moisture Contents

The Study of Physical and Thermal Conductivity Properties of Cement Paste Containing Nanosilica

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Pongsak Jittabut ◽  
Prinya Chindaprasirt ◽  
Supree Pinitsoontorn
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
Surface Probe ◽  
Nanosilica Particle

This research was presented the physical and thermal conductivity properties of cement pastes containing nanosilica by mixing three nanosilica particle sizes of 12, 50 and 150 nm, using nanosilica of 1-5 wt%. The water-cementitious ratio (W/C) was 0.5 for all samples. Thermal property coefficients were tested using a direct measuring instrument with surface probe (ISOMET2114). The influence of nanosilica on the physical properties were compressive strength, bulk density, XRD and SEM respectively. The results indicated that the use of nanosilica as an admixture can reduce the thermal conductivity and lowered the bulk density of specimen. The cement paste with nanosilica particle size of 50 nm with 4 wt% nanosilica at the age of 28 days showed the optimized properties. The thermal conductivity was lowest at 0.913 W/m-K, the compressive strength was highest at 51.62 MPa and the bulk density was 1,806 kg/m3respectively. The compressive strength increases more than 50% higher than that of pure paste. The cement pastes with nanosilica particle sizes of 50 and 150 nm, have lower unit weight and thermal conductivity than typical control cement paste about 9% and 15% respectively. The nanosilica mixed cement paste is very interesting for energy saving when used as wall insulating material.

scholarly journals Effect of Length of False Banana Fibre (Ensete ventricosum) on Mechanical Behaviour under Tensile Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Č. Mizera ◽  
D. Herák ◽  
P. Hrabě ◽  
M. Müller ◽  
A. Kabutey
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Banana Fibre ◽  
Volume Energy

Abstract The effect of gauge length of false banana fibre (Ensete ventricosum) on the tensile strength, volume energy, and modulus of elasticity under tensile loading was examined. Fibres of gauge length L0 (mm) 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mm were prepared and tested until rupture point at strain rate of 0.05 min−1. Mathematical models describing the mechanical behaviour of the varying gauge lengths were presented. With the increasing gauge length of fibre, the tensile strength and volume energy decreased while the values of modulus of elasticity increased. The theoretical model describing the mechanical behaviour of Ensete fibre under tensile loading presented herein provides useful information for the fibres application in industry. The determined models could be used as a background for further research focused on Ensete fibre application.

Optimization of lupine (Lupinus albus L.) composition, feed moisture content and barrel temperatures for best quality maize based extruded snack food

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Adem ◽  
Sadik J.A. ◽  
Admasu Worku ◽  
Satheesh Neela
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Feed Moisture

Purpose This paper aims to optimize feed moisture contents, barrel temperatures, blending ratios of maize and lupine for processing of protein-rich best quality extruded product using a twin-screw extruder. Design/methodology/approach A three-factor three-level response surface methodology by Box-Behnken Design was applied to evaluate the effect of selected processing conditions of blending ratios of lupine (10-20 per cent), barrel temperatures (120°C-150°C) and feed moisture content (14-18 per cent) on functional, nutritional and sensory characteristics of produced snack food. Findings The results of functional properties such as radial expansion ratio, bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index observed as 0.71-1.2, 0.33-0.92 g/cc, 4.4-6.4 per cent and 10.2-15.1 per cent, respectively. The snack food showed the moisture 5.6-7.2 per cent, protein 8.1-18.1 per cent, fiber 1.6-2.7 per cent, ash 1.6-2.2 per cent and carbohydrate 64.8-81.4 per cent. The independent variables (lupine blending ratio, barrel temperature and feed moisture content) posed significant effects on expansion ration (p = 0.0030), bulk density (p = 0.0026), water absorption index (p = 0.0075) and water-solubility index (p = 0.0116). Higher blending ratio of lupine was increase in the bulk density and water solubility index, but decrease in expansion ratio and water absorption index of snack food. Higher feed moisture content was led to a reduction in expansion ratio and water-soluble index of snack food. Whereas, higher feed moisture contents was lead to rise in bulk density and water absorption index. Fiber (p = 0.0145), ash (p = 0.0343) and carbohydrate (p = 0.0001) contents were significantly depended on blending ratio. Blending of lupine 15.06 per cent, barrel temperature of 150 °C and feed moisture content of 14.0 per cent produced the snack food with desirability value of 72.8 per cent. Originality/value Protein malnutrition is one of the major problems in child development in under developed countries including Ethiopia. Maize is a top producer in the country but least appreciated for cost. Lupine is one of the undervalued produce consumed in Ethiopia after boiling. Still data on the utilization of maize and lupine in the extruded snack preparation was very limited. Optimization of moisture and barrel temperatures for this snack was not reported clearly yet.

Bulk Density of Long- and Medium-Grain Rice Varieties as Affected by Harvest and Conditioned Moisture Contents

1998 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fan ◽  
T. J. Siebenmorgen ◽  
T. R. Gartman ◽  
D. R. Gardisser
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Moisture Contents

Characterization and Mechanical Properties of TiN/O′-Sialon Ceramics Prepared from High Titania Slag

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1353-1357
Author(s):  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Xiang Xin Xue ◽  
Pei Ning Duan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pressureless Sintering ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Densification Behavior ◽  
Flexure Strength ◽  
Titania Slag ◽  
Granular Morphology ◽  
Lower Size

TiN/O′-Sialon ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering using high titania slag, silicon fume and bauxite chalmette as the starting materials. Phase compositions and microstructure were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The effect of TiO2 content in the staring materials on densification behavior and mechanical properties was studied. The results showed that the sintered samples consisted of O′-Sialon and TiN. O′-Sialon exhibited equiaxied morphology and the particle sizes were about 1-3μm. TiN showed fine granular morphology and most of the particle have lower size than 0.5μm. For the samples sintered at 1500°C using raw materials containing 30wt%TiO2, bulk density, hardness and flexure strength are 3.1g/cm3, 9.2GPa and 169MPa, respectively.

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