scholarly journals Photovoltaic Panels Temperature Regulation Using Evaporative Cooling Principle: Detailed Theoretical and Real Operating Conditions Experimental Approaches

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Zeyad A. Haidar ◽  
Jamel Orfi ◽  
Zakariya Kaneesamkandi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Steady State Heat ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Solar photovoltaic (PV) applications are gaining a great interest worldwide and dominating the renewable energy sector. However, the solar PV panels’ performance is reduced significantly with the increase in their operating temperature, resulting in a substantial loss of energy production and poor economic scenarios. This research contributes to overcoming the PV performance degradation due to the temperature rise. This work involves experimental and theoretical studies on cooling of PV panels using the evaporative cooling (EC) principle. A new EC design to cool the bottom surface of a PV panel was proposed, fabricated, tested, and modeled. A series of experimentation readings under real conditions showed the effectiveness of the method. A steady state heat and mass transfer model was implemented and compared with the experimental data. Fair agreement between the results of the modelling and experimental work was observed. It was found that the temperature of the PV panel can be decreased by 10 °C and the power improvement achieved was 5%. Moreover, the EC helps to stabilize the panels’ temperature fluctuation, which results in a better regulation of electrical power output and reduces the uncertainty associated with solar PV systems.

scholarly journals Performance effect of applying paraffin wax on solar photovoltaic backplate

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
E. Roslan ◽  
A. Razak
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Back Plate ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Change Material

<span>The efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is affected by its operating temperature. Having high irradiance produces high electrical output but also heats up the panel and reducing the panels efficiency. This study investigates the effect of cooling solar PV panels using 750g of paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM) applied to the back plate of a solar PV panel. The experiment is done at Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. The result is reduction of up to 9.5°C, increase of up to 0.947W or 11.82% of electrical power output when compared to the panel without any PCM applied. The panel cooled with PCM also produced 4.69% more energy</span>

Experimental Investigation of a Flat Plate Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Modrek ◽  
Ali Al-Alili
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Electrical Output

Photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVT) combines technologies of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors into a hybrid system by attaching an absorber to the back surface of a PV panel. PVT collectors have gained a lot of attention recently due to the high energy output per unit area compared to a standalone system of PV panels and solar thermal collectors. In this study, performance of a liquid cooled flat PVT collector under the climatic conditions of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates was experimentally investigated. The electrical performances of the PVT collector was compared to that of a standalone PV panel. Moreover, effect of sand accumulation on performance of PVT collectors was examined. Additionally, effect of mass flow rate on thermal and electrical output of PVT collector was studied. Electrical power output is slightly affected by changes in mass flow rate. However, thermal energy increased by 22% with increasing flow rate. Electrical power output of a PV panel was found to be 38% lower compared to electrical output of PVT collectors. Dust accumulation on PVT surface reduced electrical power output up to 7% compared with a reference PVT collector.

scholarly journals Impact of Soiling Rate on Solar Photovoltaic Panel in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 04008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaharin A. Sulaiman ◽  
M. Rosman M. Razif ◽  
Tan Dei Han ◽  
Samson M. Atnaw ◽  
S. Norazilah A. Tamili
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Time Basis

There are some weaknesses of using solar PV system especially when there is issue of soiling on the surface of solar PV panel. The consequences for absence of this such study can cause unanticipated cost in the operation of solar PV panel. The objective of this project is to study the trend of soiling rate over different time period and its effect on the performance of solar PV panel in Malaysia and to develop a simple prediction model for cleaning interval of solar PV system in Malaysia. The study was conducted on real-time basis on a building’s roof. Measurements of solar irradiance, voltage, current and the mass of dust collected were performed from both clean and dirty panels. It was discovered that the Monthly Test was significant with 4.53% of performance drop. Further analysis was conducted by running prediction model for cleaning interval. Intersection of graph plotting and fixed cleaning cost gives answer of cleaning interval that can be performed. It can be concluded that for every two and half month is the recommended time interval to perform regular cleaning to maximise electrical power generation by solar PV system in Malaysia.

Experimental Investigation of a Combined Photovoltaic Thermal System via Air Cooling for Summer Weather of Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein M. Maghrabie ◽  
A. S. A. Mohamed ◽  
M. Salem Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Air Cooling System ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Abstract Utilizing photovoltaic (PV) panels for generating electrical power is accompanied with a low electrical efficiency that is further reduced as its surface temperature surpasses an acceptable limit. In order to overcome this critical issue, it is necessary to maintain the PV panels relatively at low surface temperatures as possible as using appropriate cooling systems. The current implementation assesses experimentally the performance of a combined PV thermal (PV/T) system using a forced-air cooling system during April, May, June, and July of summer weather of Egypt. The results reveal that the highest values of the solar intensity and the ambient air temperature are obtained in July. Employing the forced-air cooling system reduces the average temperature on the front and back sides of the PV panel during July by 12% and 12.8%, respectively. In addition, the forced-air cooling system enhances noticeably the electrical power output of the PV panel by 3.3%, 4.3%, 4.5%, and 6.1% during April, May, June, and July, respectively. Moreover, the maximum value of the average thermal efficiency achieved during July is 37%; whereas, the corresponding value of the average overall efficiency fulfilled during April is 48.7%.

scholarly journals Management of the Output Electrical Power in Thermoelectric Generators

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Dimaggio ◽  
Francesco Rossella ◽  
Giovanni Pennelli
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) are devices for direct conversion of heat into electrical power and bear a great potential for applications in energy scavenging and green energy harvesting. Given a heat source, the conversion efficiency depends on the available temperature difference, and must be maximized for optimal operation of the TEG. In this frame, the choice of materials with high thermoelectric properties should be accompanied by the identification of criteria for an optimal exploitation of the electrical power output. In this work, we briefly review the main properties of TEGs, focusing on the electrical power output and the thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency. Besides, we discuss principles of operation of TEGs enabling the optimization of the electrical power output, based on the suitable choice of the electrical load. In particular, we comparatively present and discuss the conditions for matching the electrical load—yielding to maximum power transfer—and those for maximizing the conversion efficiency. We compare the two conditions applying them to the exploitation of a heat reservoir for energy storage and to the recovery of heat from a heat exchanger. We conclude that the difference between the two conditions is not significant enough to justify the complexity required by the implementation of the maximum efficiency. In addition, we consider the effect of the thermal contact resistance on the electrical power output. Using a simple thermal-electrical model, we demonstrate that the equivalent electrical resistance measured between the terminals of the TEG depends on the thermal exchange. Hence, for maximum power transfer, the electrical load of the TEG should not match its parasitic resistance, but the equivalent electrical resistance in each specific operating conditions, which determine the thermal fluxes. The model can be applied for the development of efficient alternative algorithms for maximum power point tracking.

Optimization of Operating Conditions for an SOFC Stack

2015 ◽  
Vol 656-657 ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Wei Lu ◽  
Szu Han Wu ◽  
Hung Hsiang Lin ◽  
Wen Hsiu Chung ◽  
Jing Kai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Utilization ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Anode Supported Cell ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Performance testing for a single-cell solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack is carried out to optimize its operating conditions. In this study, the Taguchi method is employed to effectively define the test matrix. The single-cell stack is composed of a 10x10 cm2 commercial anode-supported cell, metallic interconnects, current collectors, and glass-ceramic sealant. The major parameters for the experiments include: flow rates of fuel (hydrogen) and oxidant (air) gases, and temperatures. The target indices are the electrical power output, electrical efficiency, and fuel utilization. The fuel flow rates (400, 500, and 600 sccm), air flow rates (1000, 1500, and 2000 sccm) and temperatures (650, 675, and 700°C) are evaluated for different experimental combinations. The results reveal that, the operating temperature is the most crucial factor to the stack performance. The maximum power reaches to 46 W (570 mW/cm2) with a current of 58 A (715 mA/cm2) at test conditions of 700°C and fuel and oxidant flow rates of 600 sccm and 2000 sccm, respectively. As the fuel flow rate decreases to 400 sccm, the electrical efficiency can reach to 53% while the power at 34.6 W (427 mW/cm2) and current 42 A (518 mA/cm2). As the current increases to 44 A (543 mA/cm2), the fuel utilization reaches to 83%, nevertheless concentration polarization is observed in such operating condition.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the impact of dust on azimuth tracking solar PV in Sharjah

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 3671
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. M. Abdelsalam ◽  
Fahad Faraz Ahmad ◽  
Abdul-Kadir Hamid ◽  
Chaouki Ghenai ◽  
Oussama Rejeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
The Impact

<span>Dust is one of the significant constraints in utilizing solar photovoltaic systems under harsh weather conditions in the desert regions due to creating a shadow that blocks solar irradiance from reaching solar cells and consequently, significantly reducing their efficiency. In this research, experimental study was performed to comprehend the nature of dust particles and their impact on the electrical power output that is generated from azimuth tracking solar PV modules under Sharjah environmental conditions in winter season. According to laboratory experiments, the power losses are linearly related to the dust accumulated density on the surface of the solar panel with a slope of 1.27% per g/m2. The conducted Outdoor studies revealed that the absolute reduction in output power increased by 8.46% after 41 continuous days with one low-intensity rainy day. The linear relationship obtained from indoor experiments was applied later to estimate the dust deposited density on the outdoor setup. The results showed that a regular cleaning process every two weeks is recommended to maintain the performance and to avoid the soiling loss. This work will help engineers in the solar PV plants to forecast the dust impact and figure out the regularity of the cleaning process in case of single axis tracking systems.</span>

Development of Cost Effective Data Acquisition System to Evaluate the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Charles Franklin ◽  
M. Chandrasekar ◽  
D. Ansalam Mattius
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Abstract The thermal and electrical performance of the solar photovoltaic (PV) panel of a solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air system is determined experimentally in the present work. For this purpose, a data acquisition system was developed indigenously using ATMEL MEGA 2560 and ATMEL 328 microcontrollers. The parameters measured were PV panel surface temperature, inlet and outlet air temperatures, PV current, and voltage. The parameters were also compared with those of a reference PV system to demonstrate the effect of cooling of PV panel on its electrical power output. The experiments were performed in the locality of Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India (11 deg N latitude, 79 deg E longitude) and the working of the PV data acquisition was tested for a period of 3 months from February to April 2017. The results indicate acceptable working of the indigenously developed PV/PVT data acquisition system.

scholarly journals Performance Improvement of a CPV System: Experimental Investigation into Passive Cooling with Phase Change Materials

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3550
Author(s):  
Shivangi Sharma ◽  
Nazmi Sellami ◽  
Asif A. Tahir ◽  
Tapas K. Mallick ◽  
Rohit Bhakar
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Electrical Power Output

High temperature and overheating of photovoltaic panels lead to efficiency losses and eventual degradation. For solar PV systems, this is a significant impediment for achieving economic viability. In this study, a novel Window-Integrated Concentrated Photovoltaic (WICPV) system is proposed for window integration. This offers high (50%) transparency and is fabricated and characterised indoors at an irradiance of 1000 Wm−2. Its electrical performance is tested (a) without applied cooling (i.e., under natural ventilation) and (b) with a heat sink to accommodate passive cooling media. The results are compared to study the effects of reduction in operating temperature on system performances. The effectiveness of a sensible cooling medium (water) and two latent heat removal media, phase change materials (or PCMs, RT50 and RT28HC), is investigated. This paper reports the passive temperature regulation of this WICPV at ambient testing conditions. The results demonstrate an increase in electrical power output by (i) 17% (RT28HC), (ii) 19% (RT50), and (iii) 25 % (circulating water) compared with the naturally ventilated system. This shows that PCMs are considerably useful for thermal regulation of the WICPV. Any improvement in efficiencies will be beneficial for increasing electrical energy generation and reducing peak energy demands.

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